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ith platinum-induced chemotherapy. These findings suggest that concurrent STS for protection against ototoxic effects should be considered for patients indicated for platinum-based chemotherapy.

This meta-analysis found that concurrent STS delivery was associated with a decreased risk of platinum-induced ototoxic effects among patients treated with platinum-induced chemotherapy. These findings suggest that concurrent STS for protection against ototoxic effects should be considered for patients indicated for platinum-based chemotherapy.

The Chinese Neonatal Network was established in 2018 and maintains a standardized national clinical database of very preterm or very low-birth-weight infants in tertiary neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) throughout China. National-level data on outcomes and care practices of very preterm infants (VPIs) in China are lacking.

To assess the care practices in NICUs and outcomes among VPIs in China.

A cohort study was conducted comprising 57 tertiary hospitals from 25 provinces throughout China. All infants with gestational age (GA) less than 32 weeks who were admitted to the 57 NICUs between January 1 and December 31, 2019, were included.

Care practices, morbidities, and survival were the primary outcomes of the study. Major morbidities included bronchopulmonary dysplasia, severe intraventricular hemorrhage (grade ≥3) and/or periventricular leukomalacia, necrotizing enterocolitis (stage ≥2), sepsis, and severe retinopathy of prematurity (stage ≥3).

A total of 9552 VPIs were included, with mean (SD) s have improved but remain lower than in high-income countries. Comprehensive and targeted quality improvement efforts are needed to provide complete care for all VPIs, optimize obstetrical and neonatal care practices, and improve outcomes.

Access to prenatal and postpartum care is restricted among women with low income who are recent or undocumented immigrants enrolled in Emergency Medicaid.

To examine the association of extending prenatal care coverage to Emergency Medicaid enrollees with postpartum contraception and short interpregnancy interval births.

This cohort study used a difference-in-differences design to compare the staggered rollout of prenatal care in Oregon with South Carolina, a state that does not cover prenatal or postpartum care. Linked Medicaid claims and birth certificate data from 2010 to 2016 were examined for an association between prenatal care coverage for women whose births were covered by Emergency Medicaid and subsequent short IPI births. Additional maternal and infant health outcomes were also examined, including postpartum contraceptive use, preterm birth, and neonatal intensive care unit admission. The association between the policy change and measures of policy implementation (number of prenatal visits) andound that expanding Emergency Medicaid benefits to include prenatal care significantly improved receipt of guideline-concordant prenatal care. Prenatal care coverage alone was not associated with a meaningful increase in postpartum contraception or a reduction in subsequent short IPI births.Clinical decision support systems, which provide automated reminders in electronic health systems, are designed to provide physicians and other health professionals support in clinical decision-making. New clinical guidance from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices on a new category of recommendations referred to as "shared clinical decision-making" have left providers struggling to interpret how to best implement recommendations for adult vaccines. The issue at hand is how to ensure that a conversation between the patient and provider occurs. While traditional clinical decision support systems have driven immunization for years, these systems support a binary default opt-in process. The goal for shared decision-making is the discussion rather than the vaccination. The recommended provider-patient conversations need to be supported with both provider guidance as well as tools to ensure vaccines are not omitted from the conversations, particularly as future vaccine candidates progress through the vaccine development pipeline.

It seems that nut consumption does not lead to weight gain in the general population. However, fewer studies have explored this relationship in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

To synthesize evidence on the effects of nut (specifically, tree nuts and peanuts) consumption on adiposity-related measures in individuals diagnosed with T2D.

Four databases were searched up to December 31, 2020. Randomized controlled trials that examined the effects of nut consumption vs a control diet on body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, and percent body fat were included.

The pooled effect sizes (p-ESs) and 95%CIs of nut consumption were estimated using random effects models.

A total of 15 randomized controlled trials including 899 individuals were included. No significant effects of nut-enriched interventions were found for body weight (p-ES = -0.04; 95%CI -0.16 to 0.08), body mass index (p-ES = -0.05; 95%CI -0.17 to 0.08), waist circumference (p-ES = -0.02; 95%CI -0.20 to 0.15), or percent body fat (p-ES = -0.03; 95%CI -0.28 to 0.21).

Nut consumption has no effect, positive or negative, on weight or adiposity parameters in people with T2D.

Nut consumption has no effect, positive or negative, on weight or adiposity parameters in people with T2D.

There is renewed interest in using very low-carbohydrate ketogenic (VLCK) diets to manage diabetes. Many clinical trials have been published, often with mixed results.

This meta-analysis compares the effect of a VLCK diet on glycemic control, body weight, lipid profile, medication use, and dropouts with that of recommended diets for 12 weeks or longer in people with type 2 diabetes.

Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, CENTRAL, and CINAHL databases were searched (January 1980 through September 2019).

Two authors independently reviewed search results to select randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing a VLCK diet (carbohydrate intake < 50 g/d or < 10% of total energy) with any recommended diet for type 2 diabetes in adults. Discrepancies were resolved after consulting with the third author.

Eight RCTs with 648 participants were identified.

Compared with control diets, the VLCK diet resulted in a greater decrease in hemoglobin A1c after 3 months (weighted mean difference[WMD] -6.7 mmol/mol; 95%CI, -able evidence is not sufficient to recommend VLCK diets. A major limitation of the VLCK diet is patients' lack of adherence to carbohydrate restriction.

PROSPERO registration number CRD42020154700.

PROSPERO registration number CRD42020154700.

We investigated the progression of healthcare cybersecurity over 2014-2019 as measured by external risk ratings. We further examined the relationship between hospital data breaches and cybersecurity ratings.

Using Fortune 1000 firms as a benchmark, time trends in hospital cybersecurity ratings were compared using linear regression. Further, the relationship between hospital data breaches and cybersecurity ratings was modeled using logistic regression. Hospital breach data were collected from US HHS, and cybersecurity ratings were provided by BitSight. The resulting study sample yielded 3528 hospital-year observations.

In aggregate, we found that hospitals had significantly lower cybersecurity ratings than Fortune 1000 firms, however, hospitals have closed the gap in recent years. We also found that hospitals with the low security ratings were associated with significant risk of a data breach, with the probability of a breach in a given year ranging from 14% to 33%.

Recent cyber-attacks in healthcare continue to illustrate the need to better secure information systems. While hospitals have reduced cyber risk over the past decade, they remain statistically more vulnerable than the Fortune 1000 firms against botnets, spam, and malware.

Policy makers should continue encouraging acute-care hospitals to proactively invest in security controls that reduce cyber risk. Best practices from other sectors like the financial services sector could provide useful guides and benchmarks for improvement.

Policy makers should continue encouraging acute-care hospitals to proactively invest in security controls that reduce cyber risk. Best practices from other sectors like the financial services sector could provide useful guides and benchmarks for improvement.Having a sense of direction is a fundamental cellular trait that can determine cell shape, division orientation, or function, and ultimately the formation of a functional, multicellular body. Cells acquire and integrate directional information by establishing discrete subcellular domains along an axis with distinct molecular profiles, a process known as cell polarization. Insight into the principles and mechanisms underlying cell polarity has been propelled by decades of extensive research mostly in yeast and animal models. Our understanding of cell polarity establishment in plants, which lack most of the regulatory molecules identified in other eukaryotes, is more limited, but significant progress has been made in recent years. In this review, we explore how plant cells coordinately establish stable polarity axes aligned with the organ axes, highlighting similarities in the molecular logic used to polarize both plant and animal cells. We propose a classification system for plant cell polarity events and nomenclature guidelines. Finally, we provide a deep phylogenetic analysis of polar proteins and discuss the evolution of polarity machineries in plants.

Food insecurity (FI), characterized by difficulty or inability to access adequate food, has become a public health problem.

To analyze studies relating FI with nutritional status (NS) among older adults and the associated factors.

Articles published up to June 2020 were investigated in 5 databases PubMed, Embase, Scopus, LILACS, and Web of Science. selleck compound The search, selection, extraction, and quality evaluation were carried out by 2 reviewers.

The authors identified characteristics of the studies and the main data regarding the relationship of interest.

Twenty-two studies were included in the review and their characteristics are summarized and presented using narrative synthesis. In 10 studies (45.4%), a relationship was observed between FI and malnutrition; in another 6 (27.3%), a relationship was observed between FI and being overweight.

A relationship was identified between FI, especially severe forms, and malnutrition, as well as between FI, especially mild forms, and people being overweight. Thus, FI among older adults relates to a 2-fold burden of nutritional outcomes, depending on the level.

PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020185086.

PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020185086.

Preeclampsia (PE) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are known to be associated. Our objective was to assess the prevalence CKD in a large multicenter cohort of women without acknowledged CKD who experienced a PE episode.

Setting France (Le Mans, Central France) and Italy (Cagliari, Sardinia).Participants Patients who experienced PE in 2018-2019, identified from the obstetric charts. Patients with known-acknowledged CKD were excluded. Only singletons were considered.Persistent (micro)albuminuria was defined as present and confirmed at least 3 months after delivery. CKD was defined according to the KDOQI guidelines; urinary alterations or low eGFR confirmed at least 3 months of distance, or morphologic changes. Patients were divided into 4 groups evidence of CKD; no evidence of CKD; unclear diagnosis-ongoing work-up; persistent microalbuminuria. The outcome "diagnosis of CKD" was analyzed by simple and multiple logistic regressions. Temporal series (week of delivery) were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox analysis.