Averynymand9871

e registration errors remained despite rotational alignment and deformation, and should be carefully considered.Microbe induced iron (Fe) reduction play an important role in arsenic (As) transformation and the related secondary mineral formation. Meanwhile biochar could react as electron shuttle for this process. Impact of biochar and model electron shuttle anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS) on the chemical/biological iron reduction of As(III)-adsorbed ferrihydrite and the solid-liquid redistribution of As in M1 buffer were studied. Fe reduction results in the release of As adsorbed on ferrihydrite into the solution. Under abiogenic conditions, both biochar and AQDS promoted ferrous production, the chemical oxidation of As(III) and As release. Inoculate with Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, AQDS has greater electronic shuttle function than biochar (with the maximum Fe(II) contents 154 mg/L > 76.6 mg/L respectively). However, only 12.8 mg/L As was released in the presence of AQDS, which was much lower than that in the presence of biochar (21.6 mg/L), and may be associated with the transformation of As speciation and the formation of secondary minerals. XRD and EDX-SEM confirmed that the As could be fixed by the generated secondary mineral vivianite. The relative contents of vivianite in biological control and AQDS addition were 2.7% and 18.4%, respectively. This study provides information on the transformation and migration of As and Fe with the addition of biochar under anaerobic conditions, which is potential to understand the mechanism of As(III)-contaminated soil remediation.In this study, we aimed to address the attenuation of electrokinetic fluxes that occur during plant (tall fescue)-based electrokinetic remediation of oil-contaminated soil. Following 60 days of treatment, the concentration of water-soluble cations and anions in the electrokinetics-assisted phytoremediation treatment (EK-P) were 20.03 mg/kg and 15.7 mg/kg higher than that in the electrokinetic (EK) treatment, respectively. At the electrode, plants were able to alleviate the ion aggregation effect caused by the electrokinetics, reduce the conversion of soluble ions to insoluble ones, and reduce the decay of water-soluble ions. In addition, the zeta potential of EK-P was 5.05 mV lower than that of EK. Plants maintained the stability of the soil colloid and reduced the movement of the peak of colloidal particle size from small to large particles, thereby reducing the amount of colloidal deposition. Finally, the EK-P current was 22.49% higher than that in EK while the electrokinetic effect was maintained. Meanwhile, electrokinetics increased plant biomass by 20.21%. Electrokinetics was found to create a synergy with the plants, an effect that eventually enhanced the rate of oil degradation.Studies regarding how environmental risk evolves in abandoned mining areas in the medium term have been seldom carried out. The answer to this question is not obvious despite it is essential in order to evaluate the need to take urgent control measures in these areas. Fifty-two samples corresponding to soils (from natural pasture and arable lands) and mine tailings were collected in the surroundings of an old Spanish Pb/Zn mine (San Quintín, Central Spain). Current concentrations of pseudo-total and available metal (loid)s (Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, As and Ag) were determined and the environmental risk assessment (ERA) was conducted with these data and those corresponding to a sampling previously carried out in 2006. ERA was carried out by calculating the geoaccumulation index (Igeo), the pollution load index (PLI) and the potential ecological risk index (PER). Results demonstrated that Pb and Zn concentrations have increased in the soils of the plots surrounding the mining areas causing a moderate rise in most of the determined pollution indices between 2006 and 2020. It was especially significant in the pastureland areas, with increases up to 17% in the number of soil samples that reached the highest risk classification in 2020 as compared to those taken in 2006. The results obtained here demonstrate that the environmental risk can actually increase in a continuous way in abandoned mining areas despite the closure of the mining operation and the effect of the possible natural attenuation.Plastic particles in water environment can adsorb heavy metals, leading to combined toxicity on aquatic organisms. However, current conclusions are mostly obtained based on cell population-average responses. Heterogeneity effects among cell populations in aquatic organisms remain unclear. This study firstly analyzed the basic toxic effects of 20 μg L-1, 200 μg L-1 100 nm polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs), 50 μg L-1 lead (Pb), and their combined exposures on zebrafish intestine. Results found that combined exposure of 200 μg L-1 PS-NPs and 50 μg L-1 Pb induced highest MDA, 8-OHdG, and TNF-α levels. Thus 200 μg L-1 PS-NPs, 50 μg L-1 Pb and their combined exposures were chosen to analyze the heterogeneity effects on zebrafish intestine cells by single-cell RNA sequencing. A total of 38,640 zebrafish intestinal cells were obtained and identified as seven cell populations, including enterocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, B cells, T cells, enteroendocrine cells, and goblet cells. 200 μg L-1 PS-NPs exposure had the greatest influence on macrophages, while Pb exposure mostly influenced enterocytes. Results of MDA, 8-OHdG, and TNF-α analyses indicated that 20 μg L-1 and 200 μg L-1 PS-NPs increased the Pb toxicity. However, the scRNA-seq showed that the synergistic effects did not exist in most cell populations, except for goblet cells. Co-exposure of 200 μg L-1 PS-NPs and Pb caused similar transcriptome profiles with 200 μg L-1 PS-NPs exposure in macrophages, which changed immunological recognition and apoptosis processes. The Pb exposure influenced the macrophages by direct cytotoxicity. However, the Pb alone and combined exposures induced similar toxicities in the enterocytes, including the generation of oxidative stress and abnormality of lipid metabolism. This study shows the scRNA-seq is a powerful method to identify the target cell populations and corresponding toxic effects during combined exposure of pollutants.Reliable prediction for the concentration of PM2.5 has become a hot topic in pollution prevention. However, the prediction for PM2.5 concentration remains a challenge, one of the reasons is that current prediction methods do not consider the relevance of PM2.5 concentration among surrounding areas. In this paper, we propose the assumption that the PM2.5 concentration has spatial interaction, which includes two parts 1) The PM2.5 concentrations observed by adjacent stations usually present relevant trends; 2) Stations with higher PM2.5 concentration tend to show higher influences on neighboring areas. Based on the spatial interaction assumption, we propose a balanced social long short-term memory (BS-LSTM) neural network for the prediction of PM2.5 concentration. BS-LSTM is composed of two kernel components a social-LSTM based prediction model and a new balanced mean squared error (B-MSE) based loss function. On the one hand, to capture the spatiotemporal correlation of the PM2.5 concentration among adjacent stations, we develop a social-LSTM based model which has advantages in describing the trend information of neighboring locations. On the other hand, considering the unbalanced influence caused by various local pollution levels, we design a new B-MSE loss function to assign different attention to the observation stations. In the experiments, we evaluate the proposed method on two real-world PM2.5 datasets. The results indicate that BS-LSTM is promising, especially in the case of heavy pollution.Following the reduction of incinerator emission, enacted by the Korean Government in 2001, the levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in the air (-96%) have significantly decreased. Saracatinib research buy However, their levels in the human serum of the general Korean population have not reduced at the same rate (-36%), indicating that humans may also be unintentionally exposed to these compounds, primarily through food ingestion. In this study, the risk of dietary exposure was assessed on a large scale, to provide toxicological information and guide the development of food safety policies. The food consumption data of the extreme (95th percentile) group and various subgroups (by age, pregnancy, and lactation), as well as the average group, were utilized. Compared to the tolerable daily intake (TDI) established by the World Health Organization (WHO), the average daily dietary exposure of the general Korean population, calculated using a deterministic method, was 11.9% of the WHO TDI (4 pg-TEQWHO05 kg body weight-1 d-1). For additional comparison, a probabilistic method using a Monte Carlo simulation was applied to the same data. Finally, the associated potential health risk was quantitatively characterized, and the results suggest the importance of non-dioxin-like congeners in future risk assessments.Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are emerging environmental pollutants that are increasingly being used in consumer commodities. The adverse effects on biota induced by tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) have become a growing concern. Unfortunately, toxic mechanisms at the molecular level for OPFRs in organisms are still lacking. Herein, Escherichia coli (E.coli) was exposed to TCEP and TPHP for 24 and 48 h to reveal oxidative stress response and molecular toxicity mechanisms. The results indicated that promotion of ROS overload occurred at higher dosages groups. The levels of SOD and CAT were significantly elevated along with the increase of MDA attributed to lipid peroxidation. Additionally, apoptosis rates increased, accompanied by a decline in membrane potential and Na+/K+-ATPase and Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase contents, signifying that E. coli cytotoxicity induced by TCEP and TPHP was mediated by oxidative stress. Based on metabolomic analysis, different metabolic pathways were disrupted, including glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate metabolism, purine metabolism, glutathione metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, butanoate metabolism, alanine and aspartate metabolism. Most differentially expressed metabolites were downregulated, indicating an inhibitory effect on metabolic functions and key metabolic pathways. These findings generated new insights into the potential environmental risks of OPFRs in aquatic organisms.Walnut green husk (WGH) is a common agricultural waste, but it may be conducive to phytoremediation of heavy metals owing to its abundant phenolic hydroxyl, carboxyl, and other functional groups. In this study, WGH solution was used as an enhancer in the phytoextraction process via Sedum plumbizincicola, a hyperaccumulator of Zn and Cd. Microbial responses in the soil and plants were seamlessly analyzed to determine the underlying mechanisms of heavy metal extraction in this process. The results showed that the addition of 0.05 g/mL WGH solution increased the accumulation of Cd (by 153%) and Zn (by 220%) in plants as well as the availabilities of Cd (by 29.46%) and Zn (by 9.71%) in the soil, which can be attributed to an increase in the relative abundance of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria that benefit phytoextraction. Furthermore, co-occurrence network analysis indicated the keystone taxa in the microbial community. Particularly, one of the keystone taxa, Pseudomonas, was also identified as distinct taxon in soil, and it was dominant among the endophytic bacteria.