Oddershedebroch0472

In present study, evaluate the effect of fine coal gasification slag (FCGS) as additive on abundance of bacterial diversity during pig manure composting. DNA Repair inhibitor The six different dosages of FCGS 0% (T1), 2% (T2), 4% (T3), 6% (T4), 8% (T5) and 10% (T6) (dry weight basis) were mixed with original raw materials for 42 days an aerobic composting. The results indicated that FCGS adopted could affect the succession of bacterial diversity in different ways. Among all treatments, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Tenericutes, unidentified_Bacteria, and Actinobacteria were the highest abundance in weighted unifrac distance but Firmicutes; Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Spirochaetes were main bacteria in unweighted unifrac distance. The β-diversity and principal component analysis indicated a significant difference in bacterial diversity in all treatments which T4 obtained difference obviously. Therefore, the results showed that T4 was a potential candidate to enhance significantly abundance of bacterial community in PM compost. The main purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of different carbon source (Na2CO3, NC; sugarcane molasses, SM) additives on dissolved organic matter (DOM), cbbL-containing autotrophic microbes (CCAM), and the relationship among physico-chemical parameters, DOM and CCAM to better understand carbon transformation in composting. The results showed that SM or NC additive could promote the degradation and transformation of OM and DOM. After adding SM or NC, the Simpson index decreased by 2.03% and 0.51%, respectively, and Luteimonas and Thermomonspora were detected using high throughput sequencing, indicating that SM and NC increased the diversity of CCAM community. Additionally, both NC and SM contributed to improve the abundance of cbbL gene (45.91% and 2.15%) based on fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis at the cooling phase of composting. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that Proteoobacteria, Firmicutes, Acidobacteria and Nematoda were positively related with C/N, OM and DOM (0.5  less then  R  less then  0.9, P  less then  0.05). An economically-prudent pretreatment is a crucial first step towards realization of the industrial lignocellulosic biorefinery. The aim of this study was to utilize lignocellulosic biomass to co-produce xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) and glucose starting from a novel self-providing xylonic acid (XA) acidolysis method. Based on the optimization results of main acidolysis pretreatment parameters by uniform design experiments, we found that among various lignocellulosic materials, the highest yield of XOS from xylan was 54.16% with corncob, followed by 39.19% with wheat straw, 29.01% with corn straw and 30.23% with poplar sawdust. By effective degradation and removal of xylan constituents with XA acidolysis, enzymatic hydrolysabilities of inert cellulose constituents of corn cob, corn straw, wheat straw and poplar sawdust were achieved to 100%, 72.94%, 75.35% and 38.97%. Comparative mass balance diagrams of xylan and cellulose reveal that XA acidolysis pretreatment is environmental-friendly and effective for three agricultural residues, apart from woody poplar. To meet the urgent demands for sustainable and efficient, environmental-friendly wastewater treatment, a Microbial fuel cell reactor system with MnO2/TiO2/g-C3N4 (manganese dioxide/ titanium dioxide/graphitic carbon nitride) @GAC (granular activated carbon) electrode was developed. It was both efficient and energy-saving in treating organic acid wastewater generated in Nylon production, with high-concentration COD and residual nitric acid. The MnO2/TiO2/g-C3N4 catalyst was deposited on GAC via in-situ growth and sol-gel method. The COD, NH4+-N and NO3--N was efficiently removed (respectively 98%, 99% and 99%). The COD removal capacity (17.77 kg COD m-3d-1) and the maximum power density (1176.47 mW m-3) was respectively 36.83% and 65.29% higher than the GAC cathode system. The anodic and cathodic microbial consortiums in MFC were analyzed and compared. The MnO2/TiO2/g-C3N4@GAC MFC system is technically feasible and cost-effective in treating industrial wastewater. The present study aimed to enhance the biomethanation potential of mixed microalgae via cost effective surfactant coupled ultrasonic homogenization (SCUH). Mixed microalgae biomass was harvested using a coagulant (Alum) from a raceway pond. The harvested algal biomass was subjected to ultrasonic homogenization (UH) by varying the power from 100 to 180 W. A maximal soluble organic release of 2131 mg/L was achieved at an ultrasonic input energy (UIE) of 25200 kJ/kg TS. In order to enhance soluble organic release and to reduce energy spent, the optimized condition of ultrasonic pretreatment was coupled with varying sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) dosage. A higher solubilization of 30.5% was achieved at a UIE of 4200 kJ/kg SS with surfactant dosage of 0.02 g SDS/g SS for SCUH. SCUH showed higher methane production of 358 mL/g COD when compared to UH (185.9 mL/g COD), SCUH was economically feasible than UH. To date, there has been limited investigation identifying predictors of deliberate self-harm (DSH) among sexual minority adults. The present study examined the likelihood of DSH by sexual minority status as measured by self-reported sexual identity and sexual attraction in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). Among respondents who answered both the sexual identity and attraction items on the NESARC (N = 34,273), the link between sexual minority status and DSH was examined. Univariate analyses yielded greater risk of DSH for all sexual minority identities compared to heterosexual identity. Individuals with same-sex only attraction did not differ from those with different-sex only attraction. At the multivariate level, respondents reporting bisexual and unsure identity and bisexual attraction were at two to three times greater risk of DSH compared to their heterosexual/different-sex counterparts. Same-sex attracted and gay/lesbian individuals did not differ from different-sex attracted or heterosexual individuals in adjusted multivariate models. Findings from this nationally representative sample are consistent with previous research suggesting that sexual minority status is a risk factor for DSH. There is a vital need to incorporate varying measures of sexual minority status within research and in clinics, as well as to inquire about DSH among sexual minorities.