Vasquezsommer1655

There were no significant changes in blood glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) activities or in the serum concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Conclusion The findings of this study raise questions about the potential transitory effects of AgNPs based on the changes in WBC and platelet counts, blood glutathione concentrations and macroscopic hepatic alterations.Purpose This study aimed to prepare, characterize, examine the stability and evaluation of the antibacterial activity of Indonesian propolis extract-loaded self-emulsifying (PESE). Methods Oil, emulsifier, and co-emulsifier were selected as the carrier for the PESE formulation through a propolis-extract solubility test on each carrier, followed by evaluation of the nanoemulsion region in a pseudo ternary phase diagram. Pre-concentrate of PESE was prepared with the addition of 150 mg/mL propolis extract followed by characterization for the transmittance, globule size, zeta potential, thermodynamic stability, robustness to dilution, and accelerated stability. The selected formulation was tested for antibacterial activity using a microdilution method. Results The PESE characterization produced a clear nanoemulsion with a globule size ranging from 13 to 45 nm and zeta potential of less than -38 mV. The PESE formulation with a composition of 150 mg/mL propolis extract, 20% castor oil, 40%-70% Kolliphor EL, and 10%-40% polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400 were thermodynamically stable. The PESE formulation with the composition of 20% castor oil, 40% Kolliphor EL, and 40% PEG 400 was the optimum formulation that passed the robustness to dilution evaluation and an accelerated stability test for 3 months. The antibacterial activity test on this formulation indicated improved activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus compared with that of propolis extract. Conclusion These studies demonstrated that PESE in optimum formulation could be used as an antibacterial, particularly in E. coli and S. aureus.Purpose Isatin (IS) is a synthetically significant heterocyclic moiety with an influential pharmacodynamic indole nucleus and hence the electrocatalytic property of has been investigated. Methods The electrochemical analysis was demonstrated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in the potential window of 0.2 V to 1.4 V using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) modified carbon nano tube paste electrode (SDSMCNTPE) over a pH range of 6 to 8.5 in 0.2 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS). Surface morphology was studied by using Field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Results The CV study discloses that under ideal condition oxidation of IS arises at a potential of 0.970 V accompanied with an exceptional stability, selectivity and sensitivity for the resultant SDSMCNTPE contrasting to bare carbon nano tube paste electrode (BCNTPE). Individual parameters like electrode surface area, effect of surfactant, detection limit, simultaneous detection of IS and resorcinol (RC) were studied at a scan rate of 0.1 V/s. Scan rate study uncovers the process is diffusion controlled. The oxidation peak current amplified linearly with the surge in concentration of IS under ideal condition. Detection limit (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) in the solution of optimum pH (7.5) at a scan rate of 0.100V/s is 2.4×10-7 M and 8.2 × 10-7 M respectively. Conclusion The proposed electrode portrays excellent repeatability, reproducibility and reliability to resistant electrode fouling.Purpose Vitiligo is a long-term common autoimmune disease in which growing patches of skin lose their color. There is no FDA-approved treatment for vitiligo. However, recent studies have demonstrated an immunosuppressive effect on vitiligo lesions in mouse models by simvastatin. A topical formulation was prepared containing simvastatin-loaded nano lipid carriers (simNLCs) for vitiligo treatment followed by evaluating their physicochemical characteristics and clinical safety. Methods Both the lipid phase and the aqueous phase were heated to 75°C separately, and then simvastatin was dispersed in the lipid phase added to the aqueous phase. The mixture was homogenized for 1 minute, then for Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC) formation, the emulsion was sonicated using a probe sonicator. The simNLCs produced were evaluated for drug entrapment, particle size and morphology, zeta potential, polydispersity index, viscosity, drug content, in vitro drug release, in vivo skin safety test, and long-term stability studies. Results Dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry techniques proved the formation of a stable formulation containing spherical particles with nanoscale size. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/aprotinin.html The drug entrapment efficiency and the drug-loading capacity were determined to be 99.27% and 3.9%, respectively. Human safety results indicated that adding simvastatin to lipid nanoparticles did not cause any changes to skin biophysical parameters. Conclusion The preparation method of simNLC developed in this study is a suitable method, and the nanoparticles fabricated were safe with acceptable long-term stability and drug entrapment.Purpose Cancer is an example of the most important growing diseases in human society and scientists are trying to treat it without considerable side effects on patient's health. Solid lipids are colloidal nanoparticles that were used in drug delivery due to their several advantages. Methods In this work, surface modified targeted solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were fabricated by nano-homogenizer using tripalmitin glyceride and stearic acid as lipid constituents. The size of nanoparticles and morphological evaluations were surveyed using particle size analyzer, scanning electron microscopy; Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results The particle size of 148.5 and appropriate polydispersity index were achieved for lipid nanoparticles with an entrapment efficiency of 86.1%. The FT-IR analysis confirmed the coupling of lysine to the free functional group of SLNs. DSC proved the conjugation of amino acid to the surface of carriers. The in vitro epirubicin (EPI) release test exhibited the further controlled release phenomenon for the lysine conjugated nanoparticles. The cytotoxicity assay showed lower IC50 of lysine conjugated SLNs of EPI on the investigated cell line. Conclusion These studies showed that the fabricated targeted carrier has a very remarkable anticancer effect on breast cancer cell lines in comparison with pure drug.Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the biological and mechanical properties of the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) denture base material as a vehicle incorporating novel hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HA-NP) loaded with metronidazole (MZ) drug. Methods HA-NP was prepared via wet-chemical-method, characterized by XRD, SEM/EDX, TEM, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), as well as the measurement of surface area and pore-size distribution. Four drug delivery formulas were prepared in the form of discs (10 x 2 mm) as follows F1 (MZ/ HA-NP/PMMA), F2 (HA-NP/ PMMA), F3 (control-PMMA) and F4 (MZ/PMMA). Characterization of all formulas was performed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and FTIR. MZ release rate, antimicrobial properties against three oral pathogens, cytotoxicity (MTT assay) and surface micro-hardness were also assessed. Statistical analysis of data was performed using one-way ANOVA test (P less then 0.05). Results DSC thermograms showed compatibility among MZ, HA-NP and PMMA along with physical stability over 6 months storage period at room temperature. FTIR spectroscopy proved the absence of any possible chemical interaction with MZ. MZ-HA-NP/PMMA formula showed relatively better drug release compared to MZ-PMMA. Both formulas showed statistically significant antimicrobial potentials against two microbial strains. MTT demonstrated reduction in cell cytotoxicity after 96 hours with the least value for HA-NP. Surface micro-hardness revealed non-significant reduction compared with the control PMMA. Conclusion A novel biocompatible drug nanocarrier (HA-NP) was developed and incorporated in PMMA denture base material as a vehicle to allow prolonged sustained drug release to manage oral infections.Purpose This study aimed to provide the method of preparation, characterization of curcumin-loaded chitosan-sodium tripolyphosphate (NaTPP) nanoparticle, and evaluate its pharmacokinetic profiles. Methods Curcumin-loaded chitosan-NaTPP nanoparticles were synthesized using ionic gelation methods. Curcumin was dissolved using surfactants and cosurfactants. Chitosan polymer was then mixed in the curcumin solution and dripped with NaTPP solution until nanoparticle formation. The mucoadhesive study was evaluated by measuring the fluorescence of curcumin within the prepared nanoparticles. The pharmacokinetic profiles of curcumin particles and nanoparticles were then assessed in rats by administering a single oral dose of 100 mg/kg BW. Blood samples were taken from nine predetermined time points, and curcumin plasma concentrations were then analyzed using UPLC-MS/MS. Results The particle size of the curcumin nanoparticles obtained were 11.5 nm. Entrapment efficiency (EE) of curcumin nanoparticles were exceeding 99.97%, and drug loading capacity (DLC) was 11.34%. The mucoadhesive properties of the nanoparticles were superior to that of curcumin particles. Pharmacokinetic evaluation in rats revealed that curcumin nanoparticles resulted in an increase of area under the curve (AUC), maximum concentration (Cmax), earlier time to reach maximum concentration (Tmax), and lower clearance (CL). Conclusion Curcumin-loaded chitosan-NaTPP nanoparticles is an effective formulation to improve curcumin plasma concentrations. Thus, enable its applications for the treatment of various diseases.Purpose Praziquantel (PZQ) is a well-known drug accredited by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the treatment of schistosomiasis. It shows poor efficiency in patients during the earliest infection phases. Therefore, the search for new alternative drugs was the intention of many researchers. Methods In the current study, the effect of different concentrations (ranging from 0.07-10 μg∕mL) of calcium silicate (CS) containing 5% copper oxide [CS-5%CuO] on golden hamster infected by Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium (Egyptian strains) was evaluated in both in vitro and in vivo. To the best of our knowledge, this is a novel study in investigating the efficiency of CS-5%CuO against both strains of schistosomes. The worms of S. mansoni and S. haematobium were tested in RPMI-1640 medium in vitro. Results The results declare that CS-5% CuO exhibited excellent anti-schistosomal activities on both in vitro and in vivo experiments for both Egyptians Schistosoma strains. The most potential effect of the CS-5% CuO was exhibited after 6 h by 10 μg∕mL with significant activity of (P value = 0.001). Conclusion Therefore, CS-5%CuO may become an innovative treatment for the schistosomiasis.The drug delivery investigation field is continuously widened and adapted to overcome many factors such as poor drug solubility, absorption, rapid metabolism, the variability of drug plasma levels, cellular efflux and many others. Due to resemblance to body constituents and their biocompatibility, lipids offer a promising scheme for poorly water-soluble and lipophilic drugs. Various nanoparticles including vesicular systems, lipid particulate systems, and emulsion systems provide some unique benefits as pharmaceutical carriers in drug and biomolecules delivery systems. Nowadays synthesis is directed toward simple, costless techniques, therefore, self-emulsifying systems have gained superiority over the other carriers. Self nano-emulsifying systems composed of oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant emulsified upon contact with an aqueous medium, has been widely exploited. This review attempts to provide a comprehensive interpretation of different types of lipid-based carriers emphasizing on the self-nanoemulsifying system, why it is gaining interest, formulation, composition, and applications.