Mcqueenmccall2078

A newly installed superficial X-ray unit was found to produce enhanced electron dose at the skin surface. The ACPSEM kilovoltage dosimetry recommendations suggest using nail varnish within the treatment cones as a method to reduce this dose. In this study, a 3D PLA sleeve was produced and used as an alternative to the nail varnish for energies between 55 and 100 kV. Further, plastic wrap was also investigated as an alternative method to reduce dose. It was found that a 1 mm printed sleeve, inserted into the treatment cone sufficiently reduced the enhanced dose as measured with a thin-window Exradin chamber to within 3.3% of the dose measured with a Farmer-type ionisation chamber. The use of plastic wrap also reduced the enhanced dose, but impracticalities in its use make it non-viable for routine clinical use.Current computed tomography (CT) shielding practices are largely based on calculations of scattered radiation emitted from an acrylic head or body phantom, such as the Computed Tomography Dose Index (CTDI) phantom, or anthropomorphic phantoms of these two anatomical categories. This report considers the difference in scattered air kerma or dose from phantom models, to actual patient scatter under a variety of clinical scan conditions. Empirical patient scatter measurements recorded at different positions around the gantry, for 3 different CT scanners, resulted in average patient scatter fractions per unit Dose Length Product (DLP mGy cm) at 1 m from the isocentre of 0.09 ± 0.03 and 0.17 ± 0.04 µGy (mGy cm)-1 for head and body scans respectively. For the purposes of shielding design and scattered dose estimates to staff it is recommended that a single standard deviation be applied to these averages in the continued interest of conservatism. These values are reasonably comparative to the widely published scatter fractions by the National Council of Radiological Protection using the CTDI phantom, and the British Institute of Radiology using head and body anthropomorphic phantoms.Activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) is one of the lead genes in autism spectrum disorder/intellectual disability. Heterozygous, de novo ADNP mutations cause the ADNP syndrome. Here, to evaluate natural history of the syndrome, mothers of two ADNP syndrome boys aged 6 and a half and two adults aged 27 years (man and woman) were subjected to Vineland III questionnaire assessing adaptive behavior. The boys were assessed again about 2 years after the first measurements. The skill measures, presented as standard scores (SS) included domains of communication, daily living, socialization, motor skills and a sum of adaptive behavior composite. The age equivalent (AE) and growth scale values (GSV) encompassing 11 subdomains assess the age level at which the subject's raw score is found at a norm sample median and the individual temporal progression, respectively. The norm referenced standard scores age-matched, mean 100 ± 15 of the two children showed the lowest outcome in communication (SS 20-30). Dailyr subject A showed some improvement with age, especially in interpersonal, play and leisure, and gross motor subdomains. GSV for subject B showed minor improvements in the various subdomains. Notably, all subjects showed a percentile rank  less then  1 compared with age-matched norms except for subject B as to motor domain (2nd percentile) at the age of 6 years. In summary, the results, especially comparing SS and AEs between childhood and adulthood, implied a continuous deterioration of activities compared to the general population, encompassing a slower developmental process coupled to possible neurodegeneration, strongly supporting a great need for disease modifying medicinal procedures.Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is the leading cause of death in severe hypotension caused by cardiac arrest, drowning, and excessive blood loss. Urine can sensitively reflect pathophysiological changes in the brain even at an early stage. In this study, a rat model of global cerebral I/R injury was established via Pulsinelli's four-vessel occlusion (4-VO) method. Overall, 164 urinary proteins significantly changed in the 4-VO rat urine samples compared to the control samples by data-independent acquisition (DIA) proteomics technique (1.5-fold change, p  less then  0.05). Gene Ontology annotation showed that the acute-phase response, the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade, endopeptidase activity, blood coagulation, and angiogenesis were overrepresented. After parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) validation, 15 differential proteins having human orthologs were verified as the potential urinary markers associated with cerebral I/R injury. Of these potential biomarkers, 8 proteins were reported to be closely associated with cerebral I/R injury. Nine differential proteins changed even when there were no clinical manifestations or histopathological cerebral damage, including FGG, COMP, TFF2, HG2A, KNG1, CATZ, PTGDS, PRVA, and HEPC. These 9 proteins are potential biomarkers for early screening of cerebral I/R injury to prevent the development of cerebral injury. KNG1, CATZ, PTGDS, PRVA, and HEPC showed an overall trend of upregulation or downregulation at 12 and 48 h after I/R injury, reflecting the progression of cerebral I/R injury. These 5 proteins may serve as potential biomarkers for prognostic evaluation of cerebral I/R injury. These findings provide important clues to inform the monitoring of cerebral I/R injury and further the current understanding of its molecular biological mechanisms.Accurate species identification and antibiotic resistance profiling are essential for the effective management of infections caused by bacterial pathogens. In this study, 373 clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae from major hospitals in Trinidad, West Indies, were characterized for resistance against beta-lactam antibiotics and the presence of genes encoding important virulence factors. Most of the isolates showed extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) activity but few also displayed carbapenemase or 'ESBL + carbapenemase' activities. check details Polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed the presence of genes for ESBL subtypes blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M that were dominant in isolates with the ESBL phenotype as well as those that did not show ESBL or carbapenemase activities. The carbapenem resistance gene, blaKPC, and the metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) gene, blaNDM-1, were also detected in some of the isolates. Multiple virulence genes were also detected, but the fimH-uge was the most common combination found among the local isolates. The findings of this study represent the first comprehensive study on the prevalence of ESBL, KPC and MBL genes and virulence profiling in antibiotic-resistant K. pneumoniae in Trinidad. Furthermore, the occurrence of multiple resistant phenotypes and gene combinations were revealed, though at low prevalence rates. This work emphasizes the need to implement molecular-based techniques in diagnostic workflows for rapid and accurate species identification and profiling of resistance and virulence genes in K. pneumoniae in Trinidad and Tobago.

Craniopharyngiomas and ameloblastomas are tumors of epithelial origin, mostly characterized by a benign course, slow growth and for being locally invasive. Some studies highlight the similarity of these neoplasms, especially regarding histopathological aspects. In this context, the aim of the present study was to carry out a systematic literature review correlating the clinical, radiographic, and histopathological aspects of these two tumors.

Searches were conducted at the Pubmed, Periódicos Capes, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science and Scielo databases, according to the following inclusion criteria publications in English or Spanish, from the 2000s and 2021, comprising case report studies, case series and literature reviews.

Considering clinical and radiographic aspects, it is evident that craniopharyngiomas and ameloblastomas exhibit few similarities. Histopathologically, however, adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas are the type of tumor that most resembles ameloblastomas, both concerning the formty, either partially, as in the case of craniopharyngiomas, or totally, as in ameloblastomas, not comprising the same lesion in different locations. It is important to note that the differential morphogenetic evidence observed herein between these lesions opens up a new field of study aiming at better treatment alternatives in the future.Combined neuroendocrine and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the sinonasal tract is rare entity but is increasingly gaining recognition within the head and neck pathology community. In a recent series, a single case was reported to demonstrate diffuse p16 positivity despite lacking high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) by RNA in-situ hybridisation (ISH). Here we describe a case of p16 positive combined neuroendocrine and SCC containing high-risk HPV. Retrospective case review of sinonasal carcinomas within the Head and Neck Pathology Department at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust identified a single case of combined neuroendocrine and SCC. Clinico-demographic data was obtained through electronic hospital records. All immunohistochemistry and in-situ hybridisation were undertaken according to departmental standard operating procedures. Routine microscopy showed the tumour to comprise small and large cell neuroendocrine components as well as squamous and spindle cell elements. Small and large cells demonstrated CD56 and synaptophysin expression, whereas CK5/6 and p63 were confined to squamous components. There was diffuse p16 expression and punctate nuclear positivity for DNA ISH. We describe a case of HPV-associated combined neuroendocrine and SCC of the sinonasal tract. Recognition of HPV association with this entity avoids diagnostic pitfalls.Reading disabilities have a profound impact on the academic performance and achievement of children. Although oculomotor pattern abnormalities during reading in children with dyslexia are well known, those in individuals with attention deficit and hyperactive disorders (ADHD) - who also frequently exhibit a reading impairment - remain largely undetermined. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the peculiarities of oculomotor pattern abnormalities during a reading task. An eye-tracker was used to record eye movements in four distinct groups of children with neurodevelopmental disorders children with dyslexia, children with ADHD with and without comorbid dyslexia, and in a group of typically developing children (TD). Ninety-six children participated in the study (24 children per group, IQ- and age-matched groups). The duration of fixation, the total reading time, and the number of forward and backward saccades were similar in children with dyslexia and ADHD + dyslexia, but were significantly different from those observed in children with ADHD and with TD. Our findings suggest a link between dyslexia and oculomotor reading impairments in both children with dyslexia and children with ADHD + dyslexia, indicating that the oculomotor pattern in children with ADHD without comorbid dyslexia is similar to that observed in TD children. We suggest that an objective eye movement recording during a reading task could help clinicians to better evaluate the possible presence of comorbid dyslexia in children with ADHD. Furthermore, children with ADHD with and without comorbid dyslexia could also have working memory deficiencies. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding.