Bishopzacho7138

The model well fitted the glucose and lactate data, and provided both precise parameter estimates (e.g. fr=22.5 [12.6-54.1]%, median [IQR]), CV=18 [13-25]%) and LPR time course.

The proposed model is a valid tool to assess LPR, and thus glycolysis, during OGTT in nondiabetic subjects.

The proposed methodology will allow to assess postprandial LPR in simple and cost-effective way.

The proposed methodology will allow to assess postprandial LPR in simple and cost-effective way.

Currently available ventricular assist devices provide continuous flow and do not adapt to the changing needs of patients. Physiological control algorithms have been proposed that adapt the pump speed based on the left ventricular pressure. However, so far, no clinically used pump can acquire this pressure. Therefore, for the validation of physiological control concepts in vivo, a system that can continuously and accurately provide the left ventricular pressure signal is needed.

We demonstrate the integration of two pressure sensors into a tapered inflow cannula compatible with the HeartMate 3 (HM3) ventricular assist device. Selective laser melting was used to incorporate functional elements with a small footprint and therefore retain the geometry, function and implantability of the original cannula. The system was tested on a hybrid mock circulation system. Static and simulated physiological flow and pressure profiles were used to evaluate the combined pressure and flow sensing capabilities of the modifor measurements to 0.3 mmHg. Additionally, the two-sensor system and model enable the measurement of the blood flow through the pump with an accuracy of 0.140.04 L/min, without dedicated flow sensors.Cell assemblies are difficult to observe because they consist of many neurons. We aimed to observe cell assemblies based on biological statistics, such as synaptic connectivity. We developed an estimation method to estimate the activity and synaptic connectivity of cell assemblies from spike trains using mathematical models of individual neurons and cell assemblies. Synaptic transmissions were averaged to generate postsynaptic currents with the same timing and waveform but different amplitudes, as the number of presynaptic neurons was large. We estimated the average synaptic transmission and synaptic connectivity from active cell assemblies based on the stochastic prediction of membrane potentials and verified the estimation ability of the average synaptic transmission and synaptic connectivity using the proposed method on simulated neural activity. Different cell assembly activities evoked by electrical stimuli were correctly sorted into various clusters in experiments using rat cortical neurons cultured on microelectrode arrays. We observed multiple cell assemblies from the spontaneous activity of rat cortical networks on microelectrode arrays, based on the synaptic connectivity patterns estimated by the proposed method. The proposed method was superior to the conventional method for detecting the activity of multiple cell assemblies. Using the proposed method, it is possible to observe multiple cell assemblies based on the biological basis of synaptic connectivity. In summary, we report a novel method to observe cell assemblies from spike train recordings based on the biological basis of synaptic connectivity, rather than merely relying on a statistical method.Motoneurons control muscle contractions, and their recruitment by premotor circuits is tuned to produce accurate motor behaviours. To understand how these circuits coordinate movement across and between joints, it is necessary to understand whether spinal neurons pre-synaptic to motor pools have divergent projections to more than one motoneuron population. Here, we used modified rabies virus tracing in mice to investigate premotor INs projecting to synergist flexor or extensor motoneurons, as well as those projecting to antagonist pairs of muscles controlling the ankle joint. We show that similar proportions of premotor neurons diverge to synergist and antagonist motor pools. Divergent premotor neurons were seen throughout the spinal cord, with decreasing numbers but increasing proportion with distance from the hindlimb enlargement. In the cervical cord, divergent long descending propriospinal neurons were found in contralateral lamina VIII, had large somata, were neither glycinergic, nor cholinergic, and projected to both lumbar and cervical motoneurons. We conclude that distributed spinal premotor neurons coordinate activity across multiple motor pools and that there are spinal neurons mediating co-contraction of antagonist muscles.Access to cognitive stimulation through social interactions is a key mechanism used to explain the association between personal networks, cognitive health, and brain structure in older adults. However, little research has assessed how best to operationalize access to novel or diverse social stimuli using social network measures, many of which were designed to study information diffusion within large whole networks (e.g., structural holes and bridging social capital). Using data from 277 adults in the Social Networks and Alzheimer Disease (SNAD) study, we aimed to evaluate such measures for use in research on cognitive aging using personal social networks. We found a positive association between individual measures of structural holes and cognitive health, but not with brain structure. Further, we extracted a latent measure of bridging social capital using multiple individual measures (i.e., structural holes, network diversity, weak ties, and network size) and found it was significantly associated with cognitive health and brain structure, supporting the utility of this concept and related measures in the study of cognitive aging. Finally, individual measures may underestimate the effects of multidimensional bridging social capital on cognitive health and brain structure compared to a latent measure that combines them.The study aimed to develop and validate a cut-off for daily postures to discriminate workers with low back pain. The self-reported episode of low back pain in the last year and during the previous week and the total spent time in occupational postures of 529 workers were used to screen workers who more likely would report low back pain. The receiver operating characteristics curve verified the ability of daily time in each posture in discriminating workers with low back pain in a training sample. Then, the chi-squared test and measurements of the diagnostic accuracy were performed in the testing sample. The daily time spent in a given posture was not able to accurately discriminate against workers with low back pain. Total time spent walking was the only daily posture that discriminated workers with low back pain in the last year in the testing sample, albeit with low accuracy. Practitioner Summary The daily time spent in a given posture was not able to accurately distinguish workers with low back pain. Total spent time in walking presented modest diagnostic accuracy and should be interpreted cautiously. The spent time in a particular posture did not detect workers with LBP in the last week.While transgender individuals experience high rates of intimate partner violence (IPV), current gendered and heteronormative depictions of IPV in society may create unique barriers for transgender survivors who attempt to disclose their abuse, thus leaving survivors without access to support resources. This study sought to understand the barriers to disclosure transgender survivors face and how they overcome these barriers. Through in-depth interviews with transgender IPV survivors (n = 9), the researcher found that experiences of IPV were often inseparable from survivors' experiences of their gender identity. Both external and internalized transphobia served as barriers which framed how participants viewed their abuse and who they disclosed their abuse to. Conversely, transgender-affirming support helped participants overcome these barriers. These barriers and aids also took different forms and meanings based upon other intersecting identities, such as gender and ability status. Implications for researchers and service providers, as well as directions for future research are reviewed.The aim of the present study was to detect the FOXP3 gene polymorphisms in Barki sheep at a variable region covering exon 13, intron 13 and the coding sequence in exon 14 and to test the association of these polymorphisms with growth traits. 122 Barki lambs were phenotyped for various growth traits, viz., birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), pre-weaning daily gain in weight (ADG1), post-weaning daily gain in weight (ADG2) and marketing bodyweight (MW). The polymerase chain reaction - single-strand conformational polymorphisms (PCR-SSCP) and DNA sequencing methods were used to identify the genetic variants in the FOXP3 gene. The associations between the variation in FOXP3 gene and growth traits were tested using a general linear model. Two variants (F1 and F2 with gene frequencies of 0.64 and 0.36, respectively), and three genotypes (F1F1, F1F2 and F2F2 with frequencies of 0.37, 0.53 and 0.10, respectively) were detected. The association of FOXP3 genotype was significant (p  less then  0.05) with ADG2 and MW. It is concluded that FOXP3 genotype might be helpful for sheep breeders to produce fast-growing lambs. However, further studies are needed in a large population to confirm the association we found.This study measured the social participation score of the Chinese elderly, described its decayed trajectory based on birth cohort, and analyzed the gender differences of factors that affected the social participation of the elderly based on MIMIC model by groups. click here Results showed that age, economic status, and living status were the influencing factors with significant gender differences on social participation level of Chinese elderly. At any age, the social participation of Chinese elderly women was lower than that of elderly men, and this gap widened with age. Social participation of older women was more vulnerable to economic conditions. Living with children had a significant negative impact on the social participation of elderly women. There was no significant gender difference in the influence of marital status and educational level on the social participation of the elderly.Residents tend to close the doors and windows of their residential kitchens in severe cold conditions, making insufficient outdoor air supply and aggravating indoor air pollution. In order to understand the ventilation and pollution status of the residential kitchens in a severe cold region and improve the ventilation system, this study used questionnaires, on-site tests, and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation to analyze a pollution and ventilation case in Shenyang, China. The method of using ceiling openings to compensate for outdoor air supply was proposed and optimized to improve air distribution in the residential kitchen. The average CO2 concentration in the breathing region, air velocity, and temperature levels in the kitchen, before and after the improvement, were compared. The results indicated that the kitchen pollution in severe cold area of Shenyang is serious, and the ventilation habit has regional characteristics. Furthermore, the overall kitchen environment including air velocity, temperature, pollutant levels, static pressure, CO2 concentration, indoor airflow fluctuation, and cooking fire were obviously improved for the ceiling make-up air cases.