Hodgelynn8570
What is the central question of this study? The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of sleep restriction on self-report and autonomic responses to neutral and sad film clips. What is the main finding and its importance? Ratings of sadness and heart rate deceleration were greater while watching the sad clip, with no effect of sleep restriction, whereas heart rate variability and skin conductance were impacted by sleep restriction and, to a lesser extent, by film clips. The results suggest that autonomic function was adaptively altered by sleep restriction, in order to maintain a 'normal' response to emotional cues, despite mounting fatigue.
Habitual insufficient sleep has long-term health consequences via its impact on autonomic nervous system (ANS) function and on regulation of emotion. To our knowledge, the effects of insufficient sleep on emotion-induced ANS function have not been tested. The present study aimed to address this lacuna. Using an emotion induction procedure, the effects of ical measures included heart rate, heart rate variability, skin conductance response (SCR) and participants' ratings of affect and fatigue. There was no effect of sleep conditions on self-reported negative affect, but watching the sad clip reduced self-reported fatigue in the SR condition. There was greater heart rate deceleration while watching sad relative to neutral clips, independent of the sleep condition. Sleep restriction increased heart rate variability measures, with no effect of emotion induction. There was an interaction of emotion induction with sleep condition for SCR, with more SCRs to sad relative to neutral clips in the WR condition, and the opposite effect in the SR condition. Combined, the results suggest that the ANS response to an emotional cue was altered by sleep restriction. The results suggest an adaptive ANS response to mild, chronic sleep restriction, resulting in constant heart rate response and self-reported experience across WR and SR conditions, despite mounting fatigue.
To control the spread of COVID-19, India imposed a nationwide lockdown in phases including lockdown 1.0 (25 March-14 April) and 2.0 (15 April-3 May). Among other restrictions, it involved a complete ban of alcohol sales. We aimed to examine and interpret the changes in online search interest for keywords representing different alcohol-related themes during the lockdown period in India.
Data were extracted using the framework described for using Google Trends in health-related research. The list of alcohol-related search queries was prepared for four broad themes types of alcoholic beverages consumed; means of accessing alcohol; problems experienced due to break in alcohol supply; and help-seeking for alcohol use disorders. The mean relative search volumes across three time periods (pre-lockdown; lockdown 1.0; lockdown 2.0) were compared using spss version 23.0.
A significant increase in online search interest for keywords related to the procurement of alcohol was observed in lockdown 1.0 but not during lockdown 2.0, compared with pre-lockdown. A significant increase in online search interest for alcohol withdrawal was observed during lockdown 1.0 compared to the pre-lockdown period. A significant increase in online search interest for keywords representing benzodiazepines was observed in lockdown 2.0.
Indian internet users exhibited significantly increased online interest for alcohol-related searches during lockdown. It seems that the challenges associated with offering interventions for alcohol use-related problems are likely to continue once the lockdown is lifted and people have the option to access alcohol and treatment services freely.
Indian internet users exhibited significantly increased online interest for alcohol-related searches during lockdown. It seems that the challenges associated with offering interventions for alcohol use-related problems are likely to continue once the lockdown is lifted and people have the option to access alcohol and treatment services freely.The transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) is an ion channel that has been widely studied as a cold-sensitive nociceptor. selleck chemical However, its importance in nonneuronal cells is mostly unexplored. Here, we describe the presence and functional significance of endogenous TRPM8, a nonselective Ca2+ -channel in T cell functions. The major pool of TRPM8 resides at the T cell surface and its surface accumulation significantly increases in activated T cells. TRPM8 activation synergizes with T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation to increase CD25, CD69 levels and enhances secretion of proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor. However, TRPM8 inhibition does not restrict TCR stimulation mediated activation of T cells, indicating that unlike the heat-sensitive TRPV1 and TRPV4 channels, the cold-sensitive TRPM8 channel may be dispensable during T-cell activation, at least in mice. In this study, we demonstrate that TRPM8 promotes TCR-induced intracellular calcium increase. TRPM8 activation is beneficial for T-cell activation and differentiation into effector cells. TRPM8 inhibition during the T-cell activation process may lead to altered phenotype and reduced proliferation, without affecting cell viability. These results collectively establish TRPM8 as a functional calcium channel whose activation may be utilized for mounting an effective immune response. The findings of this study will be relevant to the regulation and response of T cells during cell-mediated immunity. These results will likely further our understanding on the role of ion channels in T-cell activation.
To evaluate differences in hospitals' proportion of specialty certified nurses and to determine whether and to what extent individual nurse characteristics and organisational hospital characteristics are associated with a nurse's likelihood of having specialty certification.
Prior research has shown that patients in hospitals with high proportions of specialty certified nurses have better outcomes including lower mortality and fewer adverse events, yet less is known about what motivates nurses to obtain specialty certification.
Cross-sectional study of paediatric nurses in 119 acute care hospitals. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine the association between individual nurse characteristics, organisational hospital characteristics and an individual nurses' likelihood of holding a specialty certification. STROBE was followed.
The proportion of certified nurses varies substantially among hospitals, with Magnet
hospitals being significantly more likely, on average, to have higher proportions of certified nurses.
