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This review aimed to concisely describe the current aesthetic objective indices for a single-implant maxillary anterior crown. The secondary aim was to propose introducing a unified, standardized questionnaire for adequately collecting patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in implant dentistry.

A literature review was conducted using both EMBASE/Ovid and MEDLINE/PubMed databases by combining keywords and Emtree/Mesh terms related to "Esthetics," "Self-Assessment or Surveys and Questionnaires," and "Single-Tooth Dental Implants."

The most meaningful aesthetic objective indices for single implants in the literature are the Pink Esthetic Score (PES), the Papilla Presence Index (PPI), Peri-Implant and Crown Index (PICI), PES/White Esthetic Score (PES/WES), the Implant Crown Aesthetic Index (ICAI), and a modified version of the ICAI (mod-ICAI) index. Clearly, PES/WES is still the most widely accepted tool. It is encouraging to observe that there is an increasing tendency in recent years to report PROMs mand validate a quantitative instrument. This standard tool would reduce heterogeneity bias by providing comparable data between studies.Breast cancer is the most common carcinoma in women worldwide. The present case-control study was aimed to examine the association of BCL-2 (-938C> A), BAX (-248G > A), and HER2 (I655V i.e. A > G) polymorphisms with breast cancer risk in Indian population. This study enrolled 117 breast cancer cases and 104 controls. BCL-2 (-938C > A), BAX (-248G > A), and HER2 Ile655Val polymorphisms were screened by PCR-RFLP method. There was no significance difference in the allelic and genotype frequency of the BCL-2 (-938C > A) and BAX (-248G > A) polymorphisms between cases and controls. In relation to HER2 Ile655Val polymorphism, the statistical analysis of observed genotypic frequencies showed significant association (p-0.0059). Compared to Ile/Ile (A/A) genotype, frequency of Ile/Val (A/G) genotype was significantly higher among cases than in control group and observed to increase the breast cancer risk (OR, 2.43; 95%CI, 1.32-4.46; p-0.004). The frequency of Val (G) allele was significantly higher in cases as compared to controls (6.83% vs 2.88%, resp.). Compared to Ile (A) allele, significant increase in the risk of breast cancer was observed with Val (G) allele (OR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.35-3.63; p-0.0016). We observed significant association between HER2 Ile655Val polymorphism and breast cancer risk under the dominant (OR = 2.52; 95% CI 1.41-4.51; p-0.001) and codominant (OR, 2.24; 95% CI 1.23-4.09; p-0.008) model. In our study, BCL-2 (-938C > A) and BAX (-248G > A) polymorphism were not found to be associated with breast cancer risk. This present study for the first time shows significant association of HER2 Ile655Val polymorphism with risk of breast cancer in Indian population. Therefore, we suggest that each population need to evaluate its own genetic profile for breast cancer risk that may be helpful for better understanding the racial and geographic differences reported for breast cancer incidence and mortality.

Radioactive iodine (RAI) ablation is recommended for most patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) after total thyroidectomy (TT). We aimed to compare long-term outcomes between intermediate-dose (100 mCi) and high-dose (150 mCi) RAI ablation therapy in patients with DTC using propensity score matching analysis.

This was a retrospective study of 1448 patients with DTC who underwent RAI ablation after TT. Propensity score matching was performed using the extent of operation, tumor size, extrathyroidal extension, multifocality, lymphatic invasion, vascular invasion, perineural invasion, number of positive lymph nodes (LNs), ATA risk stratification system, T stage, N stage, TNM stage, preoperative serum Tg and TgAb levels, and post-RAI serum Tg and TgAb levels.

Recurrence rates in the intermediate- and high-dose groups were 3.1% and 5.6%, respectively. After propensity score matching, LN ratio >0.22 (HR, 2.915; 95% CI, 1.228-6.918;

=0.015) and serum Tg >10 ng/mL after RAI (HR, 3.976; 95% CI, 1.839-8.595;

< 0.001) were significant predictors of recurrence. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed no significant difference in DFS before or after propensity score matching (

=0.074 and

=0.378, respectively

.

Intermediate-dose RAI ablation for the adjuvant treatment of DTC is sufficient as compared to high-dose RAI ablation. Further prospective or multicenter studies should be conducted to clarify the prognosis of intermediate-dose RAI ablation.

Intermediate-dose RAI ablation for the adjuvant treatment of DTC is sufficient as compared to high-dose RAI ablation. Further prospective or multicenter studies should be conducted to clarify the prognosis of intermediate-dose RAI ablation.Leprosy, a chronic infection caused by M. leprae, has a complex transmission problem that makes eradication programs difficult. New cases and ongoing transmission of leprosy in endemic areas make individuals living in endemic environments vulnerable to leprosy. This can be caused by the dysregulation of immune system in individuals living in leprosy-endemic areas. Although the number of male leprosy patients is higher, female leprosy patients have more impact on the family health status due to close contact with family members, roles in the household, and parenting. Anlotinib This could cause the increased number of children leprosy patients. We investigated the dysregulation of immune system by comparing IL-17 and FOXP3+ levels occurring in maternal and child leprosy patients in endemic and nonendemic areas. The results of the study found a statistically significant difference in IL-17 levels between the MB leprosy patient group and the control group (p=0.048), where higher levels of IL-17 are observed in the control group. A significant difference also was found in FOXP3+ levels between the group of healthy children living in endemic and those living in nonendemic areas (p=0.047), where higher FOXP3+ is observed in the healthy children living in endemic areas group.

Patients with prolonged inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can develop into colorectal cancer (CRC), also called colitis-associated cancer (CAC). Studies have shown the association between gut dysbiosis, abnormal bile acid metabolism, and inflammation process. Here, we aimed to investigate these two factors in the CAC model.

C57BL/6 mice were randomly allocated to two groups azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS) and control. The AOM/DSS group received AOM injection followed by DSS drinking water. Intestinal inflammation, mucosal barrier, and bile acid receptors were determined by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Fecal microbiome and bile acids were detected via 16S rRNA sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

The AOM/DSS group exhibited severe mucosal barrier impairment, inflammatory response, and tumor formation. In the CAC model, the richness and biodiversity of gut microbiota were decreased, along with significant alteration of composition. The abundance of pathogens was increased, while the short-chain fatty acids producing bacteria were reduced. Interestingly,

and

, which might be involved in the bile acid deconjugation, transformation, and desulfation, were significantly decreased. Accordingly, fecal bile acids were decreased, accompanied by reduced transformation of primary to secondary bile acids. Given bile acid receptors, the ileum farnesoid X receptor-fibroblast growth factor 15 (FXR-FGF15) axis was downregulated, while Takeda G-protein receptor 5 (TGR5) was overexpressed in colonic tumor tissues.

Gut dysbiosis might alter the metabolism of bile acids and promote CAC, which would provide a potential preventive strategy of CAC by regulating gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism.

Gut dysbiosis might alter the metabolism of bile acids and promote CAC, which would provide a potential preventive strategy of CAC by regulating gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism.Shi-Zhen-An-Shen decoction (SZASD), a Chinese herbal medicine that is a liquor extracted from plants by boiling, has been reported to be effective in treating schizophrenia. However, the mechanism is unclear. Abnormal demyelination has been implicated in schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of SZASD on myelin in demyelinated mice exhibiting schizophrenia-like behaviors. Sixty male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into six groups (n = 10 per group) (1) control group, (2) cuprizone (CPZ, a copper chelator that induced demyelination, 0.2% w/w)+saline, (3) CPZ+low-dose SZASD (8.65 g·kg-1·d-1), (4) CPZ+medium-dose SZASD (17.29 g·kg-1·d-1), (5) CPZ+high-dose SZASD (25.94 g·kg-1·d-1), and (6) CPZ+quetiapine (QTP, an atypical antipsychotic that served as a positive treatment control, 10 mg·kg-1·d-1). Mice in groups 2-6 were treated with CPZ added to rodent chow for six weeks to induce demyelination. During the last two weeks, these mice were given an oral gavage of sterile saline, SZASbe through the NRG-1 pathway.The safety of tunneling with shield tunnel boring machines largely depends on the tunnel face pressure, which is currently decided by human operators empirically. Face pressure control is vulnerable to human misjudgment and human errors can cause severe consequences, especially in difficult ground conditions. From a practical perspective, it is therefore beneficial to have a model capable of predicting the tunnel face pressure given operation and the changing geology. In this paper, we propose such a model based on deep learning. More specifically, a long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network is employed for tunnel face pressure prediction. To correlate with PLC data, linear interpolation is employed to transform the borehole geological data into sequential geological data according to the shield machine position. The slurry pressure in the excavation chamber (SPE) is taken as the output in the case study of Nanning Metro, which is confronted with the clogging problem due to the mixed ground of mudstone and round gravel. The LSTM-based SPE prediction model achieved an overall MAPE and RMSE of 3.83% and 10.3 kPa, respectively, in mudstone rich ground conditions. Factors that influence the model, including different kinds and length of input data and comparison with the traditional machine learning-based model, are also discussed.A considerable number of clinical trials is being conducted globally in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, including in low- and middle-income countries such as those in the Latin America and Caribbean region (LAC). Yet, an abundance of studies does not necessarily shorten the path to find safe and efficacious interventions for COVID-19. We analyze the trials for COVID-19 treatment and prevention that are registered from LAC countries in the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and identify a trend towards small repetitive non-rigorous studies that duplicate efforts and drain limited resources without producing meaningful conclusions on the safety and efficacy of the interventions being tested. We further assess the challenges to conducting scientifically sound and socially valuable research in the LAC region in order to inform recommendations to encourage clinical trials that are most likely to produce robust evidence during the pandemic.