Abrahamsenbreen2662

© 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.The aim of this study was to evaluate the cyclic fatigue resistance of Dia-X, WaveOne Gold and One Curve files in a water bath at intracanal temperature (35°C). Thirty-nine instruments Dia-X, WaveOne Gold, and One Curve systems (n = 13) were tested in an artificial canal with a curvature angle of 60° and a radius of 3 mm. A water bath setup at a temperature of 35°C was used to simulate the intracanal temperature and time to fracture (TTF) as seconds was recorded. The mean data were analyzed statistically using one-way ANOVA, and post hoc Tukey test (p = .05). The fractured surface of the instruments was examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and chemical composition of the instruments were investigated with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Statistically significant differences were detected in TTF values of all the systems as follows One Curve > WaveOne Gold > Dia-X (p  less then  .05). One Curve instruments demonstrated the highest TTF values in all the tested instruments. The EDS microanalysis revealed similar NiTi composition of on the surface of One Curve, WaveOne Gold, and Dia-X instruments. The novel manufacturing process, including C-wire heat treatment and the variable cross-section of the One Curve files, could be the main factors affecting the fatigue life of the instruments. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Green synthesis of nanoparticles using plants has become a promising substitute for the conventional chemical synthesis methods. In the present study, our aim was to synthesize chromium oxide nanoparticles (Cr2 O3 NPs) through a facile, low-cost, eco-friendly route using leaf extract of Rhamnus virgata (RV). selleck compound The formation of Cr2 O3 NPs was confirmed and characterized by spectroscopic profile of UV-Vis, EDX, FTIR, and XRD analyses. The UV-visible spectroscopy has confirmed the formation of Cr2 O3 NPs by the change of color owing to surface plasmon resonance. The bioactive functional groups present in the leaf extract of RV involved in reduction and stabilization of Cr2 O3 NPs were determined by FTIR analysis. Based on XRD analysis, crystalline nature of Cr2 O3 NPs was determined. The morphological shape and elemental composition of Cr2 O3 NPs were investigated using SEM and EDX analyses, respectively. With growing applications of Cr2 O3 NPs in biological perspectives, Cr2 O3 NPs were evaluated for diverse biopotentials. Cr2 O3 NPs were further investigated for its cytotoxicity potentials against HepG2 and HUH-7 cancer cell lines (IC50 39.66 and 45.87 μg/ml), respectively. Cytotoxicity potential of Cr2 O3 NPs was confirmed against promastigotes (IC50 33.24 μg/ml) and amastigotes (IC50 44.31 μg/ml) using Leishmania tropica (KMH23 ). The Cr2 O3 NPs were further evaluated for antioxidants, biostatic, alpha-amylase, and protein kinase inhibition properties. Biocompatibility assay was investigated against human macrophages which confirmed the nontoxic nature of Cr2 O3 NPs. Overall, the synthesized Cr2 O3 NPs are biocompatible and nontoxic and proved to possess significant biopotentials. In future, different in vivo studies are needed to fully investigate the cytotoxicity and mechanism of action associated with these Cr2 O3 NPs. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.BACKGROUND Small bowel endoscopy, including small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) and balloon-assisted endoscopy (BAE), is useful for small bowel bleeding (SBB) assessment. However, the specific management strategy for overt SBB is not well established. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the pooled diagnostic yields (DYs) and therapeutic yields (TYs) of small bowel endoscopy in overt SBB and to determine the optimal endoscopy timing. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was performed of studies examining the DY and/or TY of small bowel endoscopy in overt SBB. Data on the DY, TY, and timing of small bowel endoscopy were extracted, pooled, and analyzed. The pooled DY and TY of small bowel endoscopy for patients with overt SBB were calculated. Meta-regression and subgroup analysis was performed. RESULTS Twenty-two studies were included. The pooled DY was 65.2% and 74.0% for SBCE and BAE, respectively. link2 The pooled TY of SBCE and BAE was 55.9% and 35.8%, respectively. A meta-regression model showed that the timing of endoscopy was significantly associated with the DY of BAE and the TY of SBCE and BAE. CONCLUSIONS SBCE and BAE would be useful diagnostic and therapeutic modalities in overt SBB. According to the subgroup analysis, in which the TY seemed to be higher within 2 days after bleeding for SBCE and BAE, the optical timing of endoscopy would be within 2 days. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.The aim of this retrospective reference interval observational study was to determine the mensuration of the pituitary gland (hypophysis cerebri) by analyzing CT studies in rabbits without clinical evidence of pituitary disease or central neurologic signs. Though diseases of the rabbit pituitary gland are uncommon, the pituitary gland is essential in regulation of the rabbit's endocrine system, as in other species. Currently, there are minimal published studies that detail the rabbit head anatomy on cross-sectional imaging, and even less specifically examining the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland was measured by one observer at a single time point from transverse and reconstructed sagittal CT images in a soft-tissue algorithm in 62 rabbits for a total of 66 rabbit head CT studies. The rabbits ranged from 0.84 to 14 years in age (mean ± SD 5.46 ± 3.05 years) and 0.92 to 4.95 kg in weight (2.21 ± 0.83 kg). Linear pituitary measurements were performed using electronic calipers. The mean ± SD pituitary height was 4.22 ± 0.57 mm, width was 4.48 ± 0.71 mm, and length was 6.02 ± 0.70 mm. The pituitary gland height-to-brain area ratio was 1.10 ± 0.16 mm-1 , which is much higher than the values reported in normal dogs and cats. The age, weight, and sex of the rabbits were not found to have a significant impact on pituitary gland mensuration. These measurements could be useful as a reference range for future rabbit head CT studies and to rule out pituitary enlargement or disease when evaluating rabbit pituitary glands. © 2020 American College of Veterinary Radiology.The development of safe and effective treatments for age-associated neurodegenerative disorders is an on-going challenge faced by the scientific field. Key to the development of such therapies is the appropriate selection of modeling systems in which to investigate disease mechanisms and to test candidate interventions. There are unique challenges in the development of representative laboratory models of neurodegenerative diseases, including the complexity of the human brain, the cumulative and variable contributions of genetic and environmental factors over the course of a lifetime, inability to culture human primary neurons, and critical central nervous system differences between small animal models and humans. While traditional rodent models have advanced our understanding of neurodegenerative disease mechanisms, key divergences such as the species-specific genetic background can limit the application of animal models in many cases. Here we review in vitro human neuronal systems that employ stem cell and reprogramming technology and their application to a range of neurodegenerative diseases. Specifically, we compare human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons to directly converted, or transdifferentiated, induced neurons, as both model systems can take advantage of patient-derived human tissue to produce neurons in culture. We present recent technical developments using these two modeling systems, as well as current limitations to these systems, with the aim of advancing investigation of neuropathogenic mechanisms using these models. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This study investigated the effects of lycopene on the gene expression profile and expression of genes related to fat metabolism of Xinghua breeding hens. link3 Seven hundred and twenty healthy breeding hens were randomly assigned to four treatments; each treatment was replicated six times with 30 hens each. Broken rice and soybean meal were adopted for the basal diet and added with 0 (control group), 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg lycopene respectively. Gene expression profile of the liver induced by lycopene and expression of genes related to fat metabolism in hens liver and intestine were analysed after 42-day feeding trial including 7-day pre-feeding period and 35-day formal period. The genes involved in fat metabolism were analysed, and we found that lycopene significantly increased the expression of PGC1α, PPARα, RXRα and RARα in the liver, PPARγ, RXRα and RXRγ in the jejunum, and RARα in the duodenum (p  less then  .05); reduced the expression of FABP1 and FABP10 in the liver, and FATP4 in the jejunum (p  less then  .05). By analysing gene expression profile, 158 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) including 69 up-regulated genes and 89 down-regulated genes were obtained between control group and 40 mg/kg group. KEGG pathway analysis was performed on all DEGs, and 5 pathways were obtained. In conclusion, lycopene can affect the expression of related genes, and this may be one of the reasons that lycopene can regulate fat metabolism. © 2020 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.ET-26 hydrochloride (ET-26HCl), a novel analog of etomidate, induces as effective sedation, with good cardiac and respiratory stability, as etomidate but with mild adrenocortical suppression. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential adverse effects of ET-26HCl in rats. In a single-dose toxicity study, abnormal urine color (red) was observed in all groups control (100%), 8 mg/kg (10%), 16 mg/kg (50%), and 20 mg/kg (70%) ET-26HCl, which returned to normal on the day of dosing. There were no mortalities or serious toxicological signs; the maximum tolerable dose of ET-26HCl was 20 mg/kg. In the repeated-dose toxicity study, deaths occurred in the 12- (13.33% of males) and 16-mg/kg/day (20% of males and 3.33% of females) groups. Abnormal urine color (red or brown) was detected in the control group (10%) and all treatment groups (30%, 46.67%, and 40% at 8, 12 and 16 mg/kg/day, respectively), at a frequency of 1.43% in the control group, 4.76% in 8 mg/kg/day, 7.62% in 12 mg/kg/day, and 4.29% in 16 mg/kg/day. Increases in neutrophils and plasma fibrinogen were temporary and recoverable effects. Macroscopic and histopathologic changes were found only at the injection sites abnormal skin color, scabbing, thrombus, ulceration, and inflammation. During the recovery period, there was evidence of reversibility, including fibroblast proliferation and vessel recanalization. The no-observed-adverse-effect level of ET-26HCl was 8 mg/kg/day. Toxicokinetic variables of ET-26HCl, except the calculated initial concentration in females on Day 1, showed a dose-dependent increase to exposure, with no gender difference and no evidence of accumulation. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.BACKGROUND/AIM Wearing a mouthguard reduces the risk of sports-related injuries, but the material and thickness of the mouthguard have a substantial impact on its effectiveness and safety. The aim of this study was to establish a thermoforming technique in which the model position is moved just before formation to suppress the reduction in thickness. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of model height and model moving distance on mouthguard thickness. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethylene-vinyl acetate sheets of 4.0 mm thick and a vacuum forming machine were used. Three hard plaster models were trimmed so that the height of the anterior teeth was 25 mm, 30 mm and 35 mm. Model position (MP) was 40 mm from the front of the forming unit. The sheet was softened until it sagged 15 mm, after which the sheet frame was lowered to cover the model. The model was then pushed from behind to move it forward, and the vacuum was switched on. The model was moved at distances of 20 mm, 25 mm or 30 mm whereas a control model was not moved.