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Iron species have essential influence on the environmental/geochemical behaviors of arsenic species in water and soil. Colloidal ferric hydroxide (CFH) induces photooxidation of arsenite (As(III)) to arsenate (As(V)) in water at neutral pH through surface complexation and ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT). However, the effect of the co-existing natural organic matter (NOM) on the complexation-photolysis in this process has remained unclear. In the present work, the photooxidation of As(III) induced by CFH was investigated in the presence of various carboxylic acids and polyphenols as simple model compounds of NOM. Two different light sources of ultraviolet A (UVA) (λmax = 365 nm) and ultraviolet B (UVB) (λmax = 313 nm) were used for photooxidation treatment of the experimental ternary system and the control binary system respectively. The obtained results demonstrated that all investigated NOM inhibited the photooxidation of As(III) in the As(III)/CFH system at pH 7. Moreover, the correlation analysis between the pseudo-first order rate constant kobs and various property parameters of NOM showed that the stable constant for the complexation between Fe(III) and NOM (logKFe-NOM) as well as the molecular weight of NOM and the percentages of total acidity of NOM exhibited significant correlations. A simple quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model was established between kobs and these three parameters utilizing a multiple linear regression method, which can be employed to estimate the photooxidation efficiency of As(III) in the presence of ferric iron and NOM. Thus, the present work contributes to the understanding of the environmental interactions between NOM and iron.Methylene blue (MB) has recently been proposed as a new chemical probe to colorimetrically verify the presence of hydroxyl radicals and was applied to the microbubble technique in this report. The degradation of MB in water was observed by air microbubbles under acidic condition or adding H2O2. The discoloration of MB induced by air microbubbles supports that hydroxyl radicals are generated by the collapse of microbubbles in water. The decomposition rate of MB increases with increasing the concentration of acids (HCl, HNO3, H2SO4) and H2O2 up to ab. 2 mM, and becomes almost constant above ab. 2 mM. Note that the decomposition rate of MB mainly depends on pH, not the kind of acid and that adding salt slightly enhanced the decomposition of MB. The fact that the blue-shift of the absorbance band of MB was observed for not H2O2 but acids proposed that the methyl groups of MB are preferentially dissociated under acidic conditions due to the protonation of dimethylamino group.Direct-contact membrane distillation (DCMD) can be eminent solution for oily wastewater treatment if the membrane provided is slippery and tolerant to low surface tension complex solutions. This study describes preparation of an anti-oil-fouling omniphobic polyethersulfone membrane using fluorinated silica nanoparticles (F-SiO2@PES) combined with perfluorodecyl triethoxysilane and polydimethylsiloxane for application against oil-In-water (o/w) emulsions. Feed solutions consist of different concentrations of oil (hexadecane), different charge surfactants (anionic sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate, non-ionic Tween 20, and cationic hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, and salt (NaCl). The hierarchical re-entrant micro structured surface of the omniphobic F-SiO2@PES membrane and functional groups are confirmed by atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The anti-oil-fouling and anti-wetting performance of omniphobic F-SiO2@PES membranes are investigated using contact-angle, sliding angles, DCMD tests with multiple foulants of surfactants. Omniphobic F-SiO2@PES membrane exhibited effective anti-oil-fouling and anti-wetting performance against emulsions as no severe fouling and a conductivity rises were evident regardless of surfactant charge and the concentration of components. Flux reduction and rejection rates for the omniphobic F-SiO2@PES membranes are in a range of 5-15% (only) and >99%, respectively, for various combinations of feed solution components.Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms and microcystins (MCs) pollution pose serious threat to aquatic ecosystem and public health. Planted and unplanted constructed wetlands (CWs) filled with four substrates (i.e., gravel (G-CWs), ceramsite (C-CWs), iron-carbon (I-CWs) and slag (S-CWs)) were established to evaluate nutrients and a typical MCs variant (i.e., MC-LR) removal efficiency from eutrophic water affected by the presence of plant and different substrate. The response of the microbial community to the above factors was also analyzed in this study. The results indicate that the presence of plant can generally enhance nutrients and MC-LR removal efficiency in CWs, except for I-CWs. Throughout the experiment, all CWs exhibited good nitrogen removal efficiency with removal percentages exceeding 90%; TP and MC-LR average removal efficiency of C-CWs and I-CWs were greater than G-CWs and S-CWs irrespective of the presence of plant. selleck kinase inhibitor The best MC-LR removal efficiency under different MC-LR loads was observed in planted C-CWs (ranged from 91.56% to 95.16%). Except for I-CWs, the presence of plant can enhance relative abundances of functional microorganisms involved in nutrients removal (e.g., Comamonadaceae and Planctomycetaceae) and MCs degradation (e.g., Burkholderiaceae). The microbial community diversity of I-CWs was simplified, while the relative abundance of Proteobacteria was highest in this study. The highest relative abundances of Comamonadaceae, Planctomycetaceae and Burkholderiaceae were observed in planted C-CWs. Overall, ceramisite and iron-carbon were more suitable to be applied in CWs for nutrients and MC-LR removal. This study provides a theoretical basis for practical application of CWs in eutrophication and MCs pollution control.Suzhou (SZ), Wuxi (WX) and Changzhou (CZ) (collectively called the SXC area) in southern Jiangsu Province surround Tai Lake on three sides and have an important impact on its ecology. The emission and circulation of Cr in the three cities were quantified according to the six categories (including industry production, agricultural livestock, vehicle exhaust, solid waste, atmospheric subsidence and runoff) to analyze its regional characteristics and source category characteristics and to build a Cr cycle diagram to evaluate the pollution situation. The results showed that the Cr emissions from solid waste were the highest and mostly came from industrial sludge, accounting for 76.4% of the total circulation. The Cr emissions from SZ and WX were significantly higher than those of CZ, accounting for 47.0% and 42.9% of the regional total. The Cr in the excrement of pigs and poultry, dry sedimentation and surface runoff exceeded 100 tons every year, which needed to be valued. The Cr concentration in the surface water, soil and atmosphere in SXC area all met with the highest national standards.