Feldmanblock1662

The cultivars Baltic Rose, Damaris, Desiree, Gala, Labella, Laperla, Mia, Sanibel, Zekura, Queen Anne, Red Lady and '7 for 7' were classified as susceptible, although the characteristics of originators indicated average resistance to late blight. A phytopathological test was conducted on 92 samples of 39 varieties of seed potatoes from four federal districts of the Russian Federation Volga, NorthWest, Central and North Caucasus. Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium spp. and Helminthosporium solani are most common on all varieties. 100 % defeat of tubers by H. solani was recorded in various regions on the cultivars Red Scarlett, Evolution, Labella, Colombo, Gala and Nevsky. Widespread Colletotrichum coccodes on tubers of the elite and 2nd reproductions of the potato cultivar Red Scarlett (50.0-71.4 %) was recorded in the Central District.Lodging is one of the main factors in reducing the yield and grain quality of winter and spring wheat varieties. The resistance of wheat cultivars to lodging largely depends on environmental factors, biological and morphological features of the stem and root systems. Selection of the varieties for resistance to lodging is relevant in many countries of the world and has a number of achievements. Plant height is one of the most important morphological characters associated with lodging resistance. Breeding of the varieties carrying the dwarfing genes (Rht) is the main direction to reduce the risk of lodging. The Rht-B1b, Rht-D1b, Rht8 and Rht11 genes are widely used throughout the world due to their significant influence on agronomically valuable traits, including lodging. It turned out to be important to study the anatomical and morphological features and chemical composition of stem tissues, which complement the assessment of resistance to lodging and allow the varietal material to be more fully characterizedand stem strength. To increase resistance to lodging, it is necessary to develop a set of agrotechnical methods that reduce the influence of soil and climatic factors and create wheat varieties tolerant to lodging.Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is the one of the most important cereal species used as food and feed crops, as well as for malting and alcohol production. At the end of the last century, traditional breeding techniques were complemented by the use of DNA markers. Molecular markers have also been used extensively for molecular genetic mapping and QTL analysis. In 2012, the barley genome sequencing was completed, which provided a broad range of new opportunities - from a more efficient search for candidate genes controlling economically important traits to genomic selection. The review summarizes the results of the studies performed after barley genome sequencing, which discovered new areas of barley genetics and breeding with high throughput screening and genotyping methods. During this period, intensive studies aimed at identification of barley genomic loci associated with economically important traits have been carried out; online databases and tools for working with barley genomic data and their deposition have appeared and are being replenished. In recent years, GWAS analysis has been used for large-scale phenotypegenotype association studies, which has been widely used in barley since 2010 due to the developed SNP-arrays, as well as genotyping methods based on direct NGS sequencing of selected fractions of the genome. To date, more than 80 papers have been published that describe the results of the GWAS analysis in barley. SNP identification associated with economically important traits and their transformation into CAPS or KASP markers convenient for screening selection material significantly expands the possibilities of marker-assisted selection of barley. In addition, the currently available information on potential target genes and the quality of the whole barley genome sequence provides a good base for applying genome editing technologies to create material for the creation of varieties with desired properties.The color of the grain shell of cereals is an important feature that characterizes the pigments and metabolites contained in it. The grain shell is the main barrier between the grain and the environment, so its characteristics are associated with a number of important biological functions moisture absorption, grain viability, resistance to pre-harvest germination. The presence of pigments in the shell affects various technological properties of the grain. Color characteristics, as well as the appearance of the grain shell are an important indicator of plant diseases. compound library chemical In addition, the color of the grains serves as a classifying feature of plants. Genetic control of the color formation of both grains and other plant organs is exerted by genes encoding enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of pigments, as well as regulatory genes. For a number of pigments, these genes are well understood, but for some pigments, such as melanin, which causes the black color of grains in barley, the molecular mechanisms of biosynthesis are still poorly understood. When studying the mechanisms of genetic control of grain color, breeders and geneticists are constantly faced with the need to assess the color characteristics of their shell. The technical means of addressing this problem include spectrophotometers, spectrometers, hyperspectral cameras. However, these cameras are expensive, especially with high resolution, both spatial and spectral. An alternative is to use digital cameras that allow you to get high-quality images with high spatial and color resolution. In this regard, recently, in the field of plant phenotyping, methods for evaluating the color and texture characteristics of cereals based on the analysis of two-dimensional images obtained by digital cameras have been intensively developed. This mini-review is devoted to the main tasks related to the analysis of color and texture characteristics of cereals, and to methods of their description based on digital images.Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is an ancient mutualistic symbiosis formed by 80-90 % of land plant species with the obligatorily biotrophic fungi that belong to the phylum Glomeromycota. This symbiosis is mutually beneficial, as AM fungi feed on plant photosynthesis products, in turn improving the efficiency of nutrient uptake from the environment. The garden pea (Pisum sativum L.), a widely cultivated crop and an important model for genetics, is capable of forming triple symbiotic systems consisting of the plant, AM fungi and nodule bacteria. As transcriptomic and proteomic approaches are being implemented for studying the mutualistic symbioses of pea, a need for a reference transcriptome of genes expressed under these specific conditions for increasing the resolution and the accuracy of other methods arose. Numerous transcriptome assemblies constructed for pea did not include mycorrhizal roots, hence the aim of the study to construct a reference transcriptome assembly of pea mycorrhizal roots. The combined transcriptome of mycorrhizal roots of Pisum sativum cv. Frisson inoculated with Rhizophagus irregularis BEG144 was investigated, and for both the organisms independent transcriptomes were assembled (coverage 177x for pea and 45x for fungus). Genes specific to mycorrhizal roots were found in the assembly, their expression patterns were examined with qPCR on two pea cultivars, Frisson and Finale. The gene expression depended on the inoculation stage and on the pea cultivar. The investigated genes may serve as markers for early stages of inoculation in genetically diverse pea cultivars.Microbial culture collections are very important components of biological science. They provide researchers with material for studies and preserve biological resources. One such collection is the Collection of Rhizosphere Microorganisms, kept at the Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov (IBPPM). Its activity is primarily directed toward the isolation and preservation of microorganisms from the plant root zone. The international research interest in microorganisms from this ecological niche is not waning, because they are very important for plant growth and development and, consequently, for plant breeding. The group of bacteria with properties of significance for plants has been given the name "plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria" (PGPR). This group includes nitrogen-fixing soil alpha-proteobacteria of the genus Azospirillum, which form the core of the IBPPM collection. First discovered by Brazilian scientists in the 1970s, azospiriltive symbiosis with plants, primarily extracellular polysaccharide-containing complexes and lectins. The development of immunochemical methods contributed much to our understanding of the overall organization of the surface of rhizosphere bacteria. The extensive studies of the Azospirillum genome largely deepened our understanding of the role of the aforesaid bacterial structures, motility, and biofilms in the colonization of host plant roots. Of interest are also applied studies focusing on agricultural and environmental technologies and on the "green" synthesis of Au, Ag, and Se nanoparticles. The Collection of Rhizosphere Microorganisms continues to grow, being continually supplemented with newly isolated strains. The data presented in this article show the great importance of specialized microbial culture repositories, such as the IBPPM collection, for the development and maintenance of the microbial research base and for the effective solution of basic and applied tasks in microbiology.Plant genetic resources (PGR) are the foundation of agriculture as well as food and nutritional security. The ICAR-NBPGR is the nodal institution at national level for management of PGR in India under the umbrella of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi. India being one of the gene-rich countries faces a unique challenge of protecting its natural heritage while evolving mutually beneficial strategies for germplasm exchange with other countries. The Bureaus activities include PGR exploration, collection, exchange, characterization, evaluation, conservation and documentation. It also has the responsibility to carry out quarantine of all imported PGR including transgenics meant for research purposes. The multifarious activities are carried out from ICAR-NBPGR headquarters and its 10 regional stations located in different agro-climatic zones of India. It has linkages with international organizations of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) and national crop-basterization of ex situ conserved germplasm and detailed evaluation of prioritized crops for enhanced utilization; assessment of impact of on-farm conservation practices on genetic diversity; genome-wide association mapping for identification of novel genes and alleles for enhanced utilization of PGR; identification and deployment of germplasm/landraces using climate analog data; validation of trait-specific introduced germplasm for enhanced utilization. Key words plant genetic resources; gene banks; wild relatives; biotic and abiotic stresses; marker-assisted selection.The article presents a variant of maturity onset diabetes of the young type 2, caused by a rare mutation in the GCK gene. Maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a hereditary form of diabetes with an autosomal dominant type of inheritance, an onset at a young age, and a primary defect in pancreatic β-cell function. This type of diabetes is different from classical types of diabetes mellitus (DM1 and DM2) in its clinical course, treatment strategies, and prognosis. Clinical manifestations of MODY are heterogeneous and may vary even among members of the same family, i. e., carriers of identical mutations. This phenotypic variation is due to the interaction of mutations with different genetic backgrounds and the influence of environmental factors (e. g., lifestyle). Using next-generation sequencing technology, the c.580-1G>A substitution (IVS5 -1G>A, rs1554335421) located in an acceptor splice site of intron 5 of the GCK gene was found in a proband. The identified variant cosegregated with a pathological phenotype in the examined family members.