Lutzkristiansen7072

Due to the large number of degrees of freedom offered by nanoscale scatterers, a single flat optic can project different images at different distances depending on the polarization of the light, opening up opportunities for optical encryption and augmented reality systems.Chromosomal heteromorphisms (CHMs) are currently largely disregarded in human genetic diagnostics. One exception is der(Y)t(Y;acro)(q12;p1?2), which has at least been mentioned in karyotypes and discussed in reports. This derivative is frequently observed in healthy males with idiopathic infertility, which is not uncommon for CHMs. Here, we present the first systematic fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)-based study of 7 carriers of der(Y)t(Y;acro)(q12;p1?2). Specific probes for 15p11.2 (D15Z1) and 22p11.2 (D22Z4) were applied to answer the question of whether either of the short arms may be involved in the formation of the derivative Y-chromosome. In 6 out of 7 cases, specific staining was achieved using the D15Z1 probe, while the derivative acrocentric chromosomal region was not positive for D22Z4 in any of the 7 cases.In conclusion, this study implies that the acrocentric chromosomal region is derived from chromosome 15 in the majority of cases with der(Y)t(Y;acro)(q12;p1?2).Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PAR) is a versatile and complex posttranslational modification composed of repeating units of ADP-ribose arranged into linear or branched polymers. This scaffold is linked to the regulation of many of cellular processes including the DNA damage response, alteration of chromatin structure and Wnt signalling. Despite decades of research, the principles and mechanisms underlying all steps of PAR removal remain actively studied. In this work, we synthesise well-defined PAR branch point molecules and demonstrate that PARG, but not ARH3, can resolve this distinct PAR architecture. Structural analysis of ARH3 in complex with dimeric ADP-ribose as well as an ADP-ribosylated peptide reveal the molecular basis for the hydrolysis of linear and terminal ADP-ribose linkages. We find that ARH3-dependent hydrolysis requires both rearrangement of a catalytic glutamate and induction of an unusual, square-pyramidal magnesium coordination geometry.Tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) contain enriched miRNAs, and exosomal miRNAs can affect tumor growth, including cell proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance through cell-to-cell communication. We investigated the role of exosomal miR-1260b derived from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in tumor progression. Exosomal miR-1260b induced angiogenesis by targeting homeodomain-interacting protein kinase-2 (HIPK2) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Furthermore, exosomal miR-1260b or suppression of HIPK2 led to enhanced cellular mobility and cisplatin resistance in NSCLC cells. In patients with NSCLC, the level of HIPK2 was significantly lower in tumor tissues than in normal lung tissues, while that of miR-1260b was higher in tumor tissues. HIPK2 and miR-1260b expression showed an inverse correlation, and this correlation was strong in distant metastasis. Finally, the expression level of exosomal miR-1260b in plasma was higher in patients with NSCLC than in healthy individuals, and higher levels of exosomal miR-1260b were associated with high-grade disease, metastasis, and poor survival. In conclusion, exosomal miR-1260b can promote angiogenesis in HUVECs and metastasis of NSCLC by regulating HIPK2 and may serve as a prognostic marker for lung cancers.Constriction of the cytokinetic ring, a circular structure of actin filaments, is an essential step during cell division. Mechanical forces driving the constriction are attributed to myosin motor proteins, which slide actin filaments along each other. However, in multiple organisms, ring constriction has been reported to be myosin independent. How actin rings constrict in the absence of motor activity remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that anillin, a non-motor actin crosslinker, indispensable during cytokinesis, autonomously propels the contractility of actin bundles. Anillin generates contractile forces of tens of pico-Newtons to maximise the lengths of overlaps between bundled actin filaments. The contractility is enhanced by actin disassembly. When multiple actin filaments are arranged into a ring, this contractility leads to ring constriction. Our results indicate that passive actin crosslinkers can substitute for the activity of molecular motors to generate contractile forces in a variety of actin networks, including the cytokinetic ring.To identify drivers of sarcoma cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), we compared gene expression using RNA sequencing between HT1080 fibrosarcoma and SK-LMS-1 leiomyosarcoma spheroids (which are enriched for CSCs) compared with the parent populations. The most overexpressed survival signaling-related gene in spheroids was phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 3 (PIK3R3), a regulatory subunit of PI3K, which functions in tumorigenesis and metastasis. In a human sarcoma microarray, PIK3R3 was also overexpressed by 4.1-fold compared with normal tissues. PIK3R3 inhibition using shRNA in the HT1080, SK-LMS-1, and DDLS8817 dedifferentiated liposarcoma in spheroids and in CD133+ cells (a CSC marker) reduced expression of CD133 and the stem cell factor Nanog and blocked spheroid formation by 61-71%. Mechanistic studies showed that in spheroid cells, PIK3R3 activated AKT and ERK signaling. Inhibition of PIK3R3, AKT, or ERK using shRNA or inhibitors decreased expression of Nanog, spheroid formation by 68-73%, and anchorage-independent growth by 76-91%. PIK3R3 or ERK1/2 inhibition similarly blocked sarcoma spheroid cell migration, invasion, secretion of MMP-2, xenograft invasion into adjacent normal tissue, and chemotherapy resistance. Together, these results show that signaling through the PIK3R3/ERK/Nanog axis promotes sarcoma CSC phenotypes such as migration, invasion, and chemotherapy resistance, and identify PIK3R3 as a potential therapeutic target in sarcoma.Chemotherapy remains the primary treatment of advanced solid cancer, including lung cancer. However, as first-line treatment, cisplatin-based therapy is restricted by the frequent development of drug resistance. Increasing data showed that the programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1) plays a vital role in regulating cisplatin resistance. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We found that miR-526b-3p expression declined while PD-L1 was elevated in cisplatin-resistant lung cancer compared to that in cisplatin-sensitive lung cancer by analyzing clinical samples. Significantly, miR-526b-3p was associated with response to cisplatin negatively. We further demonstrated that miR-526b-3p reversed cisplatin resistance, suppressed metastasis, and activated CD8+ T cells in a STAT3/PD-L1-dependent manner. Thus, our findings extended the knowledge of PD-L1-mediated cisplatin resistance of lung cancer. In addition, the introduction of miR-526b-3p provided a new clue to improve the anti-tumor effects of the combination of immunotherapy and chemotherapy.As one of the most common metastatic sites of malignancies, bone has a unique microenvironment that allows metastatic tumor cells to grow and flourish. The fenestrated capillaries in the bone, bone matrix, and bone cells, including osteoblasts and osteoclasts, together maintain the homeostasis of the bone microenvironment. In contrast, tumor-derived factors act on bone components, leading to subsequent bone resorption or excessive bone formation. The various pathways involved also provide multiple targets for therapeutic strategies against bone metastases. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the mechanism of bone metastases. Based on the general process of bone metastases, we specifically highlight the complex crosstalk between tumor cells and the bone microenvironment and the current management of cancer bone metastases.BACKGROUND Although percutaneous disc nucleoplasty (PDN) has been widely applied in treating lumbar disc herniation (LDH) in recent years, the efficacy of surgical levels for PDN on LDH has been reported in limited studies. This study aimed to explore and compare the efficacy of surgical levels (single level vs double level) of PDN in treating LDH. MATERIAL AND METHODS All patients diagnosed with LDH from January 2012 to December 2014 in our hospital who underwent PDN were included in this study. Patients were divided into a single-level group and double-level group based on the number of discs/surgical treatment levels. The improvement of visual analog scale (VAS) score, patient satisfaction, and reoperation occurrence were compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS Of 105 total patients, 75 patients were treated with single-level treatment and 30 patients with double-level treatment. VAS for leg pain and patient satisfaction scores in the double-level group were worse than those in the single-level group at 6 months after surgery (P less then 0.05). Among all 105 patients, the incidence of reoperation was 11.4%. Also, there was a marked difference in reoperation occurrence at 6 months after surgery between the single-level (6.7%) and double-level (23.3%) groups; however, the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.05). CONCLUSIONS PDN is a safe and minimal-invasive approach, which could effectively treat LDH. The number of surgical levels might be an important factor influencing the efficacy of PND. Caution should be exercised to strictly follow the clinical indications for nucleoplasty.BACKGROUND Food particles may sometime lodge in the intestinal wall, resulting in a granuloma. Pulse granuloma is associated with the seed of a legume and has a characteristic appearance on histology. This report describes a case of pulse granuloma of the descending colon identified by fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) imaging. Imaging was done 19 months after surgical resection for rectal carcinoma, and the results of imaging alone suggested a tumor metastasis. CASE REPORT A 77-year-old man underwent sigmoid colostomy for sigmoid colon perforation due to obstruction by rectal cancer affecting the upper rectum approximately 2 years ago. check details Two months later, after his general condition improved, he underwent laparoscopic low anterior resection. On postoperative pathological examination, the lesion was diagnosed as stage II. Nineteen months later, computed tomography showed an irregular nodule on the dorsolateral side of the descending colon. FDG-PET revealed positive results, and peritoneal dissemination was suspected. Because the lesion was localized and there was no other evidence of metastasis, resection was performed. A pathological examination revealed a pulse granuloma with a central legume seed, and no obvious malignant findings were observed. CONCLUSIONS This report has highlighted the importance of imaging and histopathology in cases in which a solitary nodule is present in the bowel in a patient with previous successful treatment for malignancy. Pulse granuloma, or other types of granuloma associated with impacted food material, may be a cause of a solitary nodule, or pseudotumor, in the bowel wall.