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In vivo data demonstrate that mice treated with NIM-811 showed increased gait speed and improved Tarlov scores compared to vehicle-treated mice. The ischemic limbs of female mice treated with NIM-811 showed significantly lower levels of MCP-1, IL-23, IL-6, and IL-1α compared to limbs of vehicle-treated mice. Similarly, male mice treated with NIM-811 showed significantly lower levels of MCP-1 and IL-1a. These findings are clinically relevant as MCP-1, IL-23, IL-6, and IL-1α are all pro-inflammatory factors that are thought to contribute directly to tissue damage after ischemic injury. Results from the in vitro and in vivo experiments suggest that NIM-811 and possibly other mitochondrial permeability transition inhibitors may be effective for improving skeletal muscle salvage and survival after ischemia-reperfusion injury.Secret sharing is a widely-used security protocol and cryptographic primitive in which all people cooperate to restore encrypted information. The characteristics of a quantum field guarantee the security of information; therefore, many researchers are interested in quantum cryptography and quantum secret sharing (QSS) is an important research topic. However, most traditional QSS methods are complex and difficult to implement. In addition, most traditional QSS schemes share classical information, not quantum information which makes them inefficient to transfer and share information. In a weighted threshold QSS method, each participant has each own weight, but assigning weights usually costs multiple quantum states. Quantum state consumption will therefore increase with the weight. It is inefficient and difficult, and therefore not able to successfully build a suitable agreement. The proposed method is the first attempt to build multiparty weighted threshold QSS method using single quantum particles combine with the Chinese remainder theorem (CRT) and phase shift operation. The proposed scheme allows each participant has its own weight and the dealer can encode a quantum state with the phase shift operation. The dividing and recovery characteristics of CRT offer a simple approach to distribute partial keys. The reversibility of phase shift operation can encode and decode the secret. The proposed weighted threshold QSS scheme presents the security analysis of external attacks and internal attacks. Furthermore, the efficiency analysis shows that our method is more efficient, flexible, and simpler to implement than traditional methods.The pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is related to neuroinflammatory responses mediated by microglia. Memantine, an antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors used as an anti-Alzheimer's drug, protects from neuronal death accompanied by suppression of proliferation and activation of microglial cells in animal models of AD. However, it remains to be tested whether memantine can directly affect microglial cell function. In this study, we examined whether pretreatment with memantine affects intracellular NO and Ca2+ mobilization using DAF-2 and Fura-2 imaging, respectively, and tested the effects of memantine on phagocytic activity by human β-Amyloid (1-42) phagocytosis assay in rodent microglial cells. Pretreatment with memantine did not affect production of NO or intracellular Ca2+ elevation induced by TNF in rodent microglial cells. Pretreatment with memantine also did not affect the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory (TNF, IL-1β, IL-6 and CD45) or anti-inflammatory (IL-10, TGF-β and arginase) phenotypes in rodent microglial cells. In addition, pretreatment with memantine did not affect the amount of human β-Amyloid (1-42) phagocytosed by rodent microglial cells. Moreover, we observed that pretreatment with memantine did not affect 11 major proteins, which mainly function in the phagocytosis and degradation of β-Amyloid (1-42), including TREM2, DAP12 and neprilysin in rodent microglial cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to suggest that memantine does not directly modulate intracellular NO and Ca2+ mobilization or phagocytic activity in rodent microglial cells. Considering the neuroinflammation hypothesis of AD, the results might be important to understand the effect of memantine in the brain.Emergency medical responders (EMRs) who treat victims during a radiation emergency are at risk of radiation exposure. In this study, the exposure dose to EMRs treating hypothetically contaminated patients was estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation, and the findings may be useful for educating EMRs and reducing their anxiety. The Monte Carlo simulation estimated radiation doses for adult computational phantoms based on radioactive contamination conditions and radiation dosages from previous studies. At contamination conditions below the typical upper limit of general Geiger-Müller survey meters, the radiation doses to EMRs were estimated to be less than 1 μSv per hour. In cases with greater contamination due to mishandling of an intense radioactive source (hundreds of GBq), the radiation doses to EMRs could reach approximately 100 mSv per hour. These results imply that a radiological accident with a highly radioactive source could expose EMR to significant radiation that exceeds their dose limit. Thus, authorities and other parties should ensure that EMRs receive appropriate education and training regarding measures that can be taken to protect themselves from the possibility of excessive radiation exposure. The results of this study may provide EMRs with information to take appropriate protective measures, although it is also important that they not hesitate to perform lifesaving measures because of concerns regarding radiation.We evaluated the risk of developing diabetes in Chinese individuals with normal weight obesity (NWO). This 9-year population-based cohort study was based on the China National Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Survey. A total of 1128 subjects without diabetes were included. Body fat percentage (BF%) was assessed by electrical bioimpedance. NWO was defined as subjects with a normal BMI ( less then  24 kg/m2) and an excess BF% (≥ 24% in men; ≥ 33% in women). Of 1128 individuals, 528 individuals were normal weight non-obese (NWNO), 118 (10.5%) were normal weight obese (NWO), 63 were overweight non-obese (OWNO), and 419 were overweight obese (OWO). Z-VAD-FMK supplier During a follow-up of 9.0 years (interquartile range 8.9-9.3), 113 (10.0%) individuals developed diabetes. The incidence rates of diabetes in NWNO, NWO, OWNO and OWO people were 5.69 (27 cases), 11.30 (12 cases), 3.53 (2 cases) and 19.09 (72 cases) per 1000 person-years, respectively. Cox regression analyses indicated multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios of diabetes in NWO, OWNO and OWO people were 2.110 (95% CI 1.026-4.337, p = 0.025), 0.441 (95% CI 0.101-1.928, p = 0.232) and 3.465 (95% CI 2.163-5.551, p  less then  0.001), respectively, relative to NWNO people. Chinese people with NWO are at increased risk of developing diabetes. We strongly suggest the incorporation of BF% measurement into the regular physical examination in Chinese medical practice.Open fetal surgery for spina bifida (SB) is safe and effective yet invasive. The growing interest in fetoscopic SB repair (fSB-repair) prompts the need for appropriate training. We aimed to develop and validate a high-fidelity training model for fSB-repair. fSB-repair was simulated in the abdominal cavity and on the stomach of adult rabbits. Laparoscopic fetal surgeons served either as novices (n = 2) or experts (n = 3) based on their experience. Technical performance was evaluated using competency Cumulative Sum (CUSUM) analysis and the group splitting method. Main outcome measure for CUSUM competency was a composite binary outcome for surgical success, i.e. watertight repair, operation time ≤ 180 min and Objective-Structured-Assessment-of-Technical-Skills (OSATS) score ≥ 18/25. Construct validity was first confirmed since competency levels of novices and experts during their six first cases using both methods were significantly different. Criterion validity was also established as 33 consecutive procedures were needed for novices to reach competency using learning curve CUSUM, which is a number comparable to that of clinical fSB-repair. link2 Finally, we surveyed expert fetal surgeons worldwide to assess face and content validity. Respondents (26/49; 53%) confirmed it with ≥ 71% of scores for overall realism ≥ 4/7 and usefulness ≥ 3/5. We propose to use our high-fidelity model to determine and shorten the learning curve of laparoscopic fetal surgeons and retain operative skills.Mimicking angiogenetic processes in vascular territories acquires importance in the analysis of the multi-scale circulatory cascade and the coupling between blood flow and cell function. The present work extends, in several aspects, the Constrained Constructive Optimisation (CCO) algorithm to tackle complex automatic vascularisation tasks. The main extensions are based on the integration of adaptive optimisation criteria and multi-staged space-filling strategies which enhance the modelling capabilities of CCO for specific vascular architectures. Moreover, this vascular outgrowth can be performed either from scratch or from an existing network of vessels. Hence, the vascular territory is defined as a partition of vascular, avascular and carriage domains (the last one contains vessels but not terminals) allowing one to model complex vascular domains. In turn, the multi-staged space-filling approach allows one to delineate a sequence of biologically-inspired stages during the vascularisation process by exploiting different constraints, optimisation strategies and domain partitions stage by stage, improving the consistency with the architectural hierarchy observed in anatomical structures. With these features, the aDaptive CCO (DCCO) algorithm proposed here aims at improving the modelled network anatomy. The capabilities of the DCCO algorithm are assessed with a number of anatomically realistic scenarios.Self-rated health (SRH) is one of the most frequently used indicators in health and social research. Its robust association with mortality in very different populations implies that it is a comprehensive measure of health status and may even reflect the condition of the human organism beyond clinical diagnoses. Yet the biological basis of SRH is poorly understood. We used data from three independent European population samples (N approx. 15,000) to investigate the associations of SRH with 150 biomolecules in blood or urine (biomarkers). Altogether 57 biomarkers representing different organ systems were associated with SRH. In almost half of the cases the association was independent of disease and physical functioning. link3 Biomarkers weakened but did not remove the association between SRH and mortality. We propose three potential pathways through which biomarkers may be incorporated into an individual's subjective health assessment, including (1) their role in clinical diseases; (2) their association with health-related lifestyles; and (3) their potential to stimulate physical sensations through interoceptive mechanisms. Our findings indicate that SRH has a solid biological basis and it is a valid but non-specific indicator of the biological condition of the human organism.