Gillespiestephens1306
001). Participants were significantly faster, completing the protocol using the SA system (p<0.001). Overall ratings of workload for the SA system were significantly lower than with the manual system (p<0.001). For trust ratings, there was a significant interaction between time (first or second exposure) and the system used, such that after their second exposure to the two systems, participants had significantly more trust in the SA system. Participants rated the usability of the SA system significantly higher than the manual system (p<0.001).
A systems engineering approach jointly optimised safety, efficiency and workload considerations.
A systems engineering approach jointly optimised safety, efficiency and workload considerations.
To explore the lived experience of long COVID with particular focus on the role of physical activity.
Qualitative study using semistructured interviews.
18 people living with long COVID (9 men, 9 women; aged between 18-74 years; 10 white British, 3 white Other, 3 Asian, 1 black, 1 mixed ethnicity) recruited via a UK-based research interest database for people with long COVID.
Telephone interviews with 17 participants living in the UK and 1 participant living in the USA.
Four themes were generated. Theme 1 describes how participants struggled with drastically reduced physical function, compounded by the cognitive and psychological effects of long COVID. Theme 2 highlights challenges associated with finding and interpreting advice about physical activity that was appropriately tailored. Theme 3 describes individual approaches to managing symptoms including fatigue and 'brain fog' while trying to resume and maintain activities of daily living and other forms of exercise. Theme 4 illustrates the battle with self-concept to accept reduced function (even temporarily) and the fear of permanent reduction in physical and cognitive ability.
This study provides insight into the challenges of managing physical activity alongside the extended symptoms associated with long COVID. Findings highlight the need for greater clarity and tailoring of physical activity-related advice for people with long COVID and improved support to resume activities important to individual well-being.
This study provides insight into the challenges of managing physical activity alongside the extended symptoms associated with long COVID. click here Findings highlight the need for greater clarity and tailoring of physical activity-related advice for people with long COVID and improved support to resume activities important to individual well-being.
This study describes a new strategy to reduce the impact of COVID-19 on the elderly and other clinically vulnerable subjects, where general practitioners (GPs) play an active role in managing high-risk patients, reducing adverse health outcomes.
Retrospective cohort study.
Population-based study including subjects resident in the province of Milan and Lodi.
127 735 residents older than 70 years, with specific chronic conditions.
We developed a predictive algorithm for overall mortality risk based on demographic and clinical characteristics. All residents older than 70 years were classified as being at low or high risk of death from COVID-19 infection according to the algorithm. The high-risk group was assigned to their GPs for telephone triage and consultation. The high-risk cohort was divided into two groups based on GP intervention patients who were not contacted and patients who were contacted by their GPs.
Overall mortality, COVID
19 morbidity and hospitalisation.
Patients with increased risk of death from COVID-19 were 127 735; 495 669 patients were not at high risk and were not included in the intervention. Out of the high-risk subjects, 79 110 were included but not contacted by their GPs, while 48 625 high-risk subjects were included and contacted. Overall mortality, morbidity and hospitalisation was higher in high-risk patients compared with low-risk populations. High-risk patients contacted by their GPs had a 50% risk reduction in COVID-19 mortality, and a 70% risk reduction in morbidity and hospitalisation for COVID-19 compared with non-contacted patients.
The study showed that, during the COVID-19 outbreak, involvement of GPs and changes in care management of high-risk groups produced a significant reduction in all adverse health outcomes.
The study showed that, during the COVID-19 outbreak, involvement of GPs and changes in care management of high-risk groups produced a significant reduction in all adverse health outcomes.
To understand attitudes towards infertility and willingness to pay (WTP) towards a publicly funded national assistive reproductive therapies (ART) programme.
Attitudes survey with dichotomous and open-ended WTP questions.
Online survey administered in the USA, UK, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark and China.
7945 respondents, analysed by country. Nordic respondents were pooled into a regionally representative sample.
Primary outcome measures were proportion of sample agreeing with different infertility-related and ART-related value statements and supporting a monthly contribution to fund a national ART programme, expressed in local currency. Secondary outcome measure was maximum WTP.
Across the nationally representative samples, 75.5% of all respondents agreed with infertility as a medical condition and 82.3% and 83.7% with ART eligibility for anyone who has difficulty having a baby or a medical problem preventing them from having a baby, respectively. 56.4% of respondents supported a defined monthhis large, multicountry survey extends our understanding of public attitudes towards infertility and fertility treatment beyond Europe. It finds evidence that a majority of the public in all sampled countries/regions views infertility as a treatable medical condition and supports the idea that all infertile individuals should have access to treatments that improve the chance of conception. There was also strong agreement with the idea that the desire for children is a basic human need. WTP questions showed that a majority of respondents supported a monthly contribution to fund a national ART programme, although there is some evidence of an acquiescence bias that may overstate support among specific samples.
To explore the association between urbanicity and hyperuricaemia (HUA) and whether urbanicity is an independent risk factor for HUA in Chinese adults.
Data analysis from a cross-sectional survey.
8579 subjects aged 18 years or older were enrolled in the study from the 2009 wave of the China Health and Nutrition Survey to analyse the association between urbanicity and HUA. We divided them into three categories according to urbanisation index (low, medium and highly urbanised groups).
HUA was defined as serum uric acid ≥7 mg/dL in men and ≥6 mg/dL in women.
The prevalence of HUA in low, medium and highly urbanised groups was 12.2%, 14.6% and 19.8%, respectively. The independent factors influencing serum uric acid included age, gender, hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, drinking, obesity and community-level urbanisation index (β=0.016, p<0.001). The risk of HUA in the highly urbanised group was significantly higher than that of the low urbanised group (OR 1.771, 95% CI 1.545 to 2.029, p<0.001), even after adjusting for other covariates (OR 1.661, 95% CI 1.246 to 2.212, p=0.001). In a subgroup analysis, we found that age, gender, comorbidity (such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity and chronic kidney disease) and physical activity affected the association between urbanisation and the risk of HUA.
Our findings suggest that living in highly urbanised areas is linked with higher risk of HUA independent of cardiometabolic and health-related behavioural risk factors, which have been shown to increase along with urbanisation.
Our findings suggest that living in highly urbanised areas is linked with higher risk of HUA independent of cardiometabolic and health-related behavioural risk factors, which have been shown to increase along with urbanisation.
Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is defined as high sensitivity of the vital dentin when exposed to thermal, chemical or tactile stimuli. Two mechanisms are required for the occurrence of DH (1) the dentin must be exposed and (2) the dentinal tubules must be open and connected to the pulp. Molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) is a qualitative abnormality of a genetic origin that affects tooth enamel and, in most cases, is accompanied by DH. The control of tooth sensitivity is fundamental to the successful treatment of MIH. The aim of the proposed randomised, controlled, clinical trial is to evaluate the effectiveness of different protocols for the control of DH in patients with teeth affected by MIH.
One hundred and forty patients who meet the inclusion criteria will be allocated to four groups. Group 1 will be the control group (placebo). In Group 2, sensitive teeth will be sealed with PermaSeal (Ultradent). In Group 3, sensitive teeth will receive low-level laser (LLL, AsGaAl) at a wavelength of 780 nm (Laser XT Therapy, DMC, São Carlos, Brazil). In Group 4, sensitive teeth will be treated with both LLL and PermaSeal (Ultradent). DH will be evaluated 15 min after the application of the treatments and the patients will be reevaluated 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after the treatments. The primary outcome of this study is change in pain/sensitivity, when evaluated through a Visual Analogue Scale, to determine the effectiveness of the proposed treatments, as well as differences among the evaluation times for each proposed treatment.
This protocol has been ethically approved by the local medical ethical committee (protocol number 4.020.261). Results will be submitted to international peer-reviewed journals and presented at international conferences.
NCT04407702.
NCT04407702.
Current evidence supporting the utility of electromagnetic (EM)-guided method as the preferred technique for nasoenteral feeding tube placement is limited. We plan to provide a meta-analysis to compare the performance of EM-guided versus endoscopic placement.
Randomised controlled trials evaluating EM-guided versus endoscopic placement will be searched in MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL from database inception to 30 September 2020. Data on study design, participant characteristics, intervention details and outcomes will be extracted. Primary outcomes to be assessed are complications. Secondary outcomes include procedure success rate, total procedure time, patient recommendation, length of hospital stay and mortality. Study quality will be assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Data will be combined with a random effects model. The results will be presented as a risk ratio for dichotomous data and weighted mean difference for continuous data. Publication bias will be visualised using funnel plots. We will quantify the effect of potential effect modifiers by meta-regression if appropriate. The quality of evidence will be evaluated according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework.
This study will not use primary data, and therefore formal ethical approval is not required. The findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and committee conferences.
CRD42020172427.
CRD42020172427.
