Egholmbatchelor1194
(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Research and theory support alcohol use as a proximal antecedent to in-person partner abuse (PA). However, event-level research has not examined cyber PA thereby limiting our understanding of whether alcohol use proximally relates to cyber PA.
We collected daily data on alcohol use and cyber PA from college students (
= 236; 73.3% women) for 60 consecutive days. Controlling for cyber PA victimization, we evaluated whether college students who consumed more drinks perpetrated more cyber PA (between-person effects), whether cyber PA was more likely to occur on days in which alcohol use was higher than each individual's average (within-person effect), and whether within- and between-person associations between alcohol use and cyber PA varied by sex.
Women were more likely than men to perpetrate cyber PA but there were no sex differences in the association between alcohol use and cyber PA. Multilevel modeling revealed that neither higher average alcohol use, nor drinking more than one usually does on a given day, associated with odds of subsequent cyber PA. Although alcohol use did not associate with odds of subsequent cyber PA, posthoc analyses revealed that odds of cyber PA increased as alcohol use increased, regardless of whether drinking occurred before or after cyber PA. Thus, alcohol use may have been more likely to occur after cyber PA.
Results did not support alcohol use as a proximal antecedent to college students' cyber PA. Future research should investigate of cyber PA as a proximal risk factor for subsequent alcohol use. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Results did not support alcohol use as a proximal antecedent to college students' cyber PA. Future research should investigate of cyber PA as a proximal risk factor for subsequent alcohol use. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use is common among college students and associated with more consumption and consequences compared to single-substance use. This study examined occasions of simultaneous use and compared planned occasions to unplanned occasions with respect to motives, contexts, consumption, and consequences.
College student simultaneous users (
= 341; 53% women; 74% White) completed five daily surveys for 54 days. Mixed-effects models examined motives and contexts of simultaneous use occasions as a function of whether alcohol and cannabis use were (a) both planned versus (b) unplanned, no use planned, or (c) unplanned, single-substance use planned and whether alcohol and cannabis consumption and negative simultaneous use-related consequences varied across planned versus unplanned occasions.
Social and enhancement motives were related to planned simultaneous use; offered and coping motives were associated with planned single-substance use that became simultaneous use (vs. planned simkely motivated by offers or for coping. Planned simultaneous use resulted in greater consumption, but not negative consequences. Results provide specific motives and contexts associated with unplanned and planned simultaneous use to be incorporated into real-time interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Significant proportions of burnout have been reported among both oncologists and oncology nurses. However, these groups have not been compared in a meta-analytic design. It is important to compare how burnout affects different types of health professionals to understand its individual implications and devise ways of minimizing and treating it.
The current meta-analysis study aimed to systematically compare burnout prevalence between oncologists and oncology nurses.
Authors assessed 34 studies (four included nurses and oncologists and 30 focused either on oncologists or oncology nurses) that used the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) to measure burnout. Both fixed- and random-effects models were used to calculate meta-analytic estimates of the burnout subscales emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and personal accomplishment (PA).
The pooled sample size was 4,705 oncologists and 6,940 oncology nurses. The average proportions of EE, DP, and PA were 32%, 26%, and 25%, respectively, among oncourage teamwork to improve oncology professionals' well-being and provide optimal care for patients. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Cardiometabolic disease (CMD) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Assessments of psychological well-being taken at one time point are linked to reduced cardiometabolic risk, but psychological well-being may change over time and how longitudinal trajectories of psychological well-being may be related to CMD risk remains unclear. Furthermore, psychological well-being is a multidimensional construct comprised of distinct facets, but no work has examined whether sustaining high levels of multiple facets may confer additive protection. buy 7-Ketocholesterol This study tested if trajectories of four psychological well-being facets would be associated with lower risk of self-reported nonfatal CMD.
Participants were 4,006 adults aged ≥50 years in the English Longitudinal study of Ageing followed for 18 years at biyearly intervals. Psychological well-being facets were measured in Waves 1-5 using subscales of the Control, Autonomy, Satisfaction, and Pleasure scale. Latent class growth modeling defined trajectories of eMeasurable progress toward better outcomes is hard to find in health-related behavioral intervention research and practice. This report examines several barriers to progress toward better outcomes and discusses ways to overcome them. The solutions it presents include strengthening our collective commitment to achieving better outcomes; incentivizing this kind of progress; conducting more definitive, outcome-oriented randomized controlled trials; developing methods to measure successful treatment outcomes and to track success rate trends; and embracing stepwise approaches to preventing and treating health-related behavioral and psychosocial problems. The report concludes with a call for guidance and leadership on this complex and challenging issue from scientific and professional organizations and from government entities that have a stake in improving the outcomes of health-related behavioral interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Relationship education programs have proven effective in promoting relationship quality and preventing divorce among married couples. However, according to theories of
, people differ for genetic reasons in their sensitivity to environmental influences with some more affected by both negative and positive experiences, including psychological interventions.
Here we test in two studies whether the positive effects of the established
(PREP) are moderated by two different polygenic scores (PGS) for environmental sensitivity, one based on nine established candidate genes and one based on several thousand variants across the genome, derived from recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) results. Analyses were conducted in a randomized controlled study on PREP (
= 242) and then repeated in an independent replication trial (
= 183).
Several significant PREP-X-PGS interactions indicated moderation of long-term treatment effects across the two studies, most of them involving the genome-wide score. Generally, higher genome-wide genetic sensitivity was associated with stronger intervention effects on almost all measures of relationship quality across the follow-up period.
Findings provide further evidence that people differ substantially in their response to the positive effects of psychological intervention as a function of individual differences in genetic sensitivity, with more sensitive participants potentially benefitting more from relationship education. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Findings provide further evidence that people differ substantially in their response to the positive effects of psychological intervention as a function of individual differences in genetic sensitivity, with more sensitive participants potentially benefitting more from relationship education. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Despite the well-established link between sleep patterns and physical health, less is known about whether sleep duration during adolescence is related to physical health in adulthood. This study examines (a) whether there is an association between sleep duration in adolescence and cardiometabolic risk in adulthood, and (b) whether this association differs by sex.
Using data from the National Longitudinal study of Adolescent to Adult Health, this study estimates sibling fixed effects models to account for unobservable family-specific heterogeneity. This study investigates whether sleep duration in adolescence is associated with cardiometabolic risk in adulthood, independently of sleep duration in adulthood.
Conventional OLS regression models showed that, compared with individuals who slept 8-9 hr per night during adolescence, those who slept 6 or fewer hours had higher cardiometabolic risk in adulthood (about 13 years later). This was the case for both females and males. Controlling for unobserved familyIn particular, this study suggests that a fruitful approach to preventing cardiovascular issues in adulthood includes public health interventions that promote healthy sleeping patterns during adolescence. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).The purpose of the present study was to employ latent profile analysis (LPA) to identify distinct profiles of Black caregivers based on how they socialize their children to cope with stress. Participants included 126 Black female caregivers (Mage = 40.67, SD = 9.73) who provided data on 149 4th-8th-grade children (61% female; Mage = 11.21, SD = 1.52). Caregivers self-reported on socialization of child coping, caregiver support, and caregiver coping behaviors; children reported on caregiver socialization of coping, caregiver support, and child coping. The LPA revealed three distinct socialization profiles A low diversified socialization profile, an engagement socialization profile, and a high diversified socialization profile. Caregivers in the low diversified socialization profile reported lower levels of primary and secondary engagement and disengagement coping, as well as increased parental support, compared to both the engagement socialization profile and high diversified socialization profile. Furthermore, results revealed that the three socialization profiles did not differ on children's self-report of coping. Results from the present study suggest variability among Black caregivers' coping socialization strategies and additional research is needed to maximize best outcomes for Black youth and their families. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).Nature shows various approaches to create superhydrophobicity, such as the lotus leaf, where the superhydrophobic (SHPB) surface arising from its hierarchical surface consists of random microscale bumps with superimposed nanoscale hairs. Some natural systems, such as the hydrophilic silk of some spider's webs, even allow the passive transport of water droplets from one part of a surface to another by creating gradients in surface tension and Laplace pressure. We look to combine both ideas and replicate the superb water repellence of the lotus leaf and the surface tension gradient-driven motion of the spider silk to form an all-metal, coating-less surface that promotes spontaneous droplet motion. We present the design, fabrication, and investigation of such superhydrophobic gradient surfaces on aluminum, which are aimed at spontaneous water droplet movement for improved surface water management. One surface demonstrates a droplet travel distance of almost 2 mm for a 11 μL droplet volume. We also present surfaces that map the theoretical ranges of the surface tension gradient surfaces tested here.
