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The association between residential greenness and hyperuricemia remains unclear, especially in developing countries. The current study aimed to explore the associations between residential greenness and both serum uric acid (SUA) levels and hyperuricemia in a Chinese rural population and to examine potential pathways of these associations.

In this cross-sectional study, 38,721 rural residents were recruited from the baseline survey of the Henan Rural Cohort study in 2015-2017. Two satellite-derived vegetation indices, i.e., the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the enhanced vegetation index (EVI), were used to estimate residential greenness. Air pollution was determined by two proxies particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter≤2.5μm (PM

) and nitrogen dioxide (NO

). Hyperuricemia was defined as SUA levels of >417μmol/L and>357μmol/L for men and women, respectively. Multivariable-adjusted linear regression and logistic regression models were applied to investigate the associationsons.

Higher levels of residential greenness were significantly associated with lower SUA levels and hyperuricemia prevalence in the Chinese rural population. THZ531 clinical trial BMI and physical activity may play important mediating roles in the associations.Tuberiferin, 6-epi-tuberifelin, dehydrobrachylaenolide and two series of eudesmanolides, eudesmane-12,6 α-lactones and eudesmane-12,6β-lactones, were synthesized for the studies of the structure-activity relationships to explore novel anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and crop disease prevention agents. The anti-inflammatory activities were tested by the inhibitory on the induction of inter-cellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1), the permeation of leucocyte into inflammatory air pouch of murine, the killing function of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL), production of IL-1; The anti-cancer activities were established on the cytotoxic activities to six kinds of cell lines (P388, CCRF-CEM, VA-13, HepG2, QG-56, and WI-38). Results showed that Dehydrobrachylaenolide (an exo-endo cross conjugated dienone and α-methylene γ-lactone) was the most effective compound inhibiting ICAM-1 (IC50 3.0 μM) and the cell line VA-13 (IC50 0.45 μM); Compound 20 with an α-bromo-ketone moiety embraced the most potent inhibitory activity towardammatory, anti-tumour biological activities. Similarly, the above mentioned key moieties are also responsible for the preventive activity of crop disease controlling.LC-MS guided chemical investigation of the periploside-rich extract of the root barks of Periploca sepium afforded six new minor pregnane glycosides, named periplosides A1-A6 (1-6). Their structures were characterized on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 1-6 were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes in vitro, among them, compound 5 exhibited significant inhibitory activities and the most favorite selective index (SI) values against the proliferation of T lymphocyte (IC50 = 0.30 μM, SI = 176) and B lymphocyte (IC50 = 0.55 μM, SI = 97).Development of new derivatives of commercial antibiotics using different organic reagents and testing these derivatives against different microorganisms are the main goals of this article. Thus, the antibiotic ciprofloxacin, CF, was acylated via reaction with ethyl cyanoacetate and ethyl acetoacetate in basic medium to give the cyanoacetylpiprazinyl dihydroquinoline derivative 3, and oxobutanoylpiprazinyl dihydroquinoline derivative 5, respectively. On the other hand, N-alkylated derivatives 8-10, were prepared through the reaction of CF with chloroacetonitrile, chloroacetyl acetone and chloroacetone in the presence of carbonate salt. In basic medium, both 3 and 10 were coupled with benzenediazonium chloride to afford hydrazono derivatives, which were then cyclized to give 4-(dihydropyridazinecarbonyl)piperazinyl-1,4-dihydroquinoline. Furthermore, compounds 3 and 10 were reacted with benylidenemalononitrile to produce 4H-pyan and pyrido[1,2-a]pyrazine derivatives, respectively. Both 3 and 10 were reacted with DMFDMA to give enaminone derivatives. These enaminones were cyclized to aminopyrimidine derivatives by reacting with urea or thiourea. X-ray, elemental analysis and spectral data were used to illustrate and confirm the structures of the isolated compounds. The bioactivities of the novel compounds were investigated against different gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. In addition, these novel antibiotic derivatives were tested against ciprofloxacin-resistant bacteria isolated from patients aged 65-74 years. This study reveals that most of the modified drugs show high to moderate antibacterial activity. Additionally, these drugs show good effects against ciprofloxacin-resistant bacteria.Pyruvate kinase M2 isoform (PKM2) plays a key role in cancer progression through both metabolic and non-metabolic functions, thus it is recognized as a potential target for cancer diagnosis and treatment. In this study, we discovered a sulfonamide-dithiocarbamate compound 8a as a novel PKM2 activator from a random screening of an in-house compound library. Then, a series of lead compound 8a analogs were designed and synthesized for screening as potent PKM2 activators. Among them, compound 8b (AC50 = 0.136 µM) and 8k (AC50 = 0.056 µM) showed higher PKM2 activation activities than positive control NZT (AC50 = 0.228 µM), and they (IC50 10 µM). Especially, compound 8k inhibited the proliferation of multiple cancer cells, but showed little toxicity on normal cells. In addition, we found that compound 8k inhibit the colony formation of MCF7 cells. Western blot analysis demonstrated that 8k could reduce PKM2 nuclear localization and block the downstream signaling pathway of PKM2, resulting in suppression of tumor cell proliferation. Overall, compound 8k may be a promising candidate for further mechanistic investigation of PKM2 and cancer therapy.Five new examples of 9,10-chloro(bromo)-7-amine-spiro[chromeno[4,3-b]quinoline-6,1'-cycloalkanes] - in which cycloalkanes = cyclopentane, cyclohexane, and cycloheptane - were synthesized at yields of 42-56%, using a sequential one-pot two-step cyclocondensation reaction of three different scaffolds of 2-aminobenzonitriles and the respective spiro[chroman-2,1'-cycloalkan]-4-ones, and using AlCl3 as the catalyst in a solvent-free method. Subsequently, the five new spirochromeno-quinolines and nine quinolines previously published by us (14 modified tacrine scaffolds) were subjected to AChE and BChE inhibitory activity evaluation. The molecule containing a spirocyclopentane derivative had the highest AChE and BChE inhibitory activity (IC50 = 3.60 and 4.40 μM, respectively), and in general, the non-halogenated compounds were better inhibitors of AChE and BChE than the halogenated molecules. However, the inhibitory potency of compounds 3a-n was weaker than that of tacrine. By molecular docking simulations, it was found that the size of the spirocarbocyclic moieties is inversely proportional to the inhibitory activity of the cholinesterases, probably because an increase in the size of the spirocyclic component sterically hindered the interaction of tacrine derivatives with the active site of tested cholinesterases. The findings obtained here may help in the design and development of new anticholinesterase drugs.In this study, three potential probiotic strains were selected to ferment blueberry and blackberry juices. The viable cell counts of selected strains were increased by 0.4-0.7 log CFU/mL in berry juices environments after 48-h fermentation. Meanwhile, the contents of cyanindin-3-glucoside and peonidin-3-glucoside decreased over 30%. Heatmap presented an upgrade trend of syringic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid and lactic acid during fermentation. However, the contents of p-coumaric acid, protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, critic acid and malic acid showed downgrade trend. The metabolism of phenolics probably contributed to the enhancement of the ABTS radical scavenging activity (40%-60%) in fermented berry juices. Moreover, the three strains presented different capacities on changing the quality of berry juices according to the PCA and LDA analysis. The contents of individual organic acids had positive correlations with sensory quality, especially for sourness. Overall, probiotic fermentation could improve the sensory quality of berry juices.Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a new class of green "designer solvent"; its physicochemical properties can be easily tuned by adjusting DES' constituents, chemical ratio and water content. In this study, three hydrophobic DESs with low viscosity, low density, and melting points close to room temperature were designed and synthesized. Based on these DESs, an air-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction technique was developed based on the solidification of floating DESs for the simultaneous determination of bisphenols and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) via HPLC. The microextraction parameters were optimized via the Plackett-Burman design and response surface methodologies. The method shows satisfactory linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9928), a low limit of detection (0.16-0.75 μg L-1) and satisfactory precision (≤2.3%), and was successfully applied for the simultaneous determination of bisphenols and PAHs from tea infusions with satisfactory recoveries (82.0-116.6%). This method is simple, rapid, economical, environmentally compatible, dispersive solvent-frees and centrifugation-free, and has promising applications in food safety.Pharmaceutical and food products are fortified with pantothenic acid (PA) to address potential deficiency. Therefore, its fast, reliable, and accurate detection is of great importance to the quality control. Here, an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) and a gold nanoparticle-based lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) were established for the determination of PA based on an anti-PA monoclonal antibody (mAb). The ic-ELISA displayed a limit of detection (LOD) of 32.22 ng/mL, and the linear range was 64.44-628.84 ng/mL. Average recoveries of PA in fortified samples were 88.60-110.11% when using the ic-ELISA and a good correlation between the ic-ELISA and LC-MS/MS was obtained when analyzing samples. Furthermore, the developed LFIA strip showed a calculated LOD of 71.99, 115.80, and 240.12 ng/mL in B-complex Vitamin tablets, energy drink and infant milk powder samples, respectively. All the results demonstrated that both of these immunoassays are suitable for determining PA in pharmaceutical and food products.The present study was aimed to evaluate the functional efficacy of plant extracts as a source of pancreatic lipase inhibitor and antioxidant in goat meat nuggets to address the fat paradox issue of red meat. The PPLIA, antioxidant potential, and resistance against fat digestion were in the order ofPhyllanthus emblica > Eucalyptus globulus > Tinospora cordifolia.PPL inhibition activities of water and ethanolic extracts fromPhyllanthus emblicausing DNPB and Triolein as substrate were 63.76, 67.94 and 56.17 and 64.36 percent respectively whereas, TPC, DPPH RSA, FRPA were 40.82 and 59.52 (mgGAE/g), 54.89 and 59.84 (percent), 1.26 and 1.61 (OD) respectively. The average diameter of fat globules in digest was maximum (8.91 µm) withPhyllanthus emblicafruits extracts whereas; TBARs (0.347 mg MDA/Kg) and FFA (4.47 µg/g) values were lowest. This study showed that extracts from plants can act as a promising natural alternative in the development of healthy meat products.