Wileyfloyd7638
In Thailand, primary care units (PCUs) play a part in the health assessment, diagnosis, care, basic treatment and referral of patients suffering from dengue.
In Nakhon Si Thammarat province in Thailand, we (i) undertook assessment of the personal information, experience, knowledge, attitudes, preparation of equipment and use of medical supplies of nurses in PCUs with regard to dengue patient care (DPC); (ii) analyzed the factors and practices of nurses regarding DPC; (iii) explored nurses' opinions regarding DPC in PCUs. A cross-sectional mixed methods of collecting data consisted of quantitative and qualitative methods. The study cohort was 94 nurses from 94 PCUs in an area of high risk of dengue outbreaks. The quantitative component involved questionnaires. The qualitative component consisted of nurses' discussions in focus groups. Spearman's test was employed to analyze quantitative data, and thematic analyses were employed for qualitative data.
Of 94 nurses from 94 PCUs, 77.7% (
= 73) had a poor knowledge level of DPC and negative attitude, preparation of equipment was carried out by 60.6% (
= 58), and 1 to 6 aspects of DPC were at good practice level 88.3% (
= 83), 87.2% (
= 82), 85.1% (
= 80), 50.0% (
= 47), 51.1% (
= 48) and 77.7% (
= 73). There was no significant correlation (i) between the knowledge, attitudes and practices with regard to DPC (
); (ii) with practice guidelines for dengue prevention (
). The quantitative results were related to the four main themes of the qualitative study.
There was a few who had good knowledge and positive attitude levels among participants, and >90% of all nurses had good practices regarding DPC. PCU nurses need training and supporting equipment to carry out a DPC program.
90% of all nurses had good practices regarding DPC. PCU nurses need training and supporting equipment to carry out a DPC program.Microcirculation is a particular organ of the cardiovascular system. The goal of this narrative review is a critical reappraisal of the present knowledge of microcirculation monitoring, mainly focused on the videomicroscopic evaluation of sublingual microcirculation in critically ill patients. We discuss the technological developments in handheld videomicroscopy, which have resulted in adequate tools for the bedside monitoring of microcirculation. By means of these techniques, a large body of evidence has been acquired about the role of microcirculation in the pathophysiological mechanisms of shock, especially septic shock. We review the characteristics of sublingual microcirculation in septic shock, which mainly consist in a decrease in the perfused vascular density secondary to a reduction in the proportion of perfused vessels along with a high heterogeneity in perfusion. Even in patients with high cardiac output, red blood cell velocity is decreased. Thus, hyperdynamic flow is absent in the septic microcirs technique mainly as a research tool.Chronic hand eczema (CHE) is a common and burdensome inflammatory skin condition seen in up to 10% of the population, more often in high-risk occupational workers. Topical therapeutics comprise the standard of care, but up to 65% of cases do not resolve after treatment, and moderate-to-severe cases are often resistant to topical therapeutics and require systemic options instead. To date, there are no systemic therapeutics approved to treat CHE in the United States, but several drugs are under investigation as potential treatments for CHE. The primary focus of this review is on the novel therapeutics, topical and systemic, that are under investigation in recently completed or currently ongoing trials. This review also briefly outlines the existing treatments utilized for CHE, often with limited success or extensive adverse effects. CHE represents a major challenge for physicians and patients alike, and efforts to improve the minimally invasive diagnostic tools and treatment paradigms are ongoing. In the near future, CHE patients may benefit from new topical and systemic therapeutics that specifically target abnormally expressed immune markers.Postoperative nausea and vomiting is one of the most frequent adverse events after surgery and anesthesia. It is distressing for the patient and can lead to other postoperative complications. learn more Management of PONV involves a framework of risk assessment, multimodal risk reduction, and prophylactic measures, as well as prompt rescue treatment. There has been a significant paradigm shift in the approach towards PONV prevention. There have also been several emerging therapeutic options for PONV prophylaxis and treatment. In this review, we will discuss the up-to-date PONV management guidelines and highlight novel therapeutic options which have emerged in the last few years.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Increasing evidence indicates that activated microglia play an important role in the inflammatory response in TBI. Inhibiting M1 and stimulating M2 activated microglia have protective effects in several animal models of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. In the present study, we investigated whether tanshinone IIA (TNA) protects neurons by shifting microglia polarization in a mouse TBI model and further investigated the mechanism in vitro.
Forty C57BL/6 mice were used to investigate the effect of TNA on microglia polarization in TBI. BV-2 cells were used to examine the mechanism of TNA in regulating microglia polarization.
Normal saline (NS), TNA and the combination of TNA with ICI 182,780 (ICI, an estrogen receptor antagonist) were used to treat the TBI mice. After TBI, mice from each group demonstrated functional improvement. The improvement rate in mice treated with TNA was faster than other groups. ICI partiallys neuronal loss in mouse TBI model and promotes M2 microglia by ERβ/IL-10 pathway. Thus, TNA could be a potential drug for TBI and/or the disorders that caused by microglial over-activation in CNS.
The suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) protein is a member of the interleukin-1 receptor family with the transmembrane (ST2L) and soluble (sST2) subtypes and plays an important role in several diseases. Therefore, the present study aimed to establish and validate a novel amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous immunoassay (AlphaLISA) for the detection of sST2 in human serum.
Based on a sandwich-type immunoassay format, sST2 was captured using two different anti-sST2 antibodies. One of the antibodies was biotinylated while the other one was coated with AlphaLISA chemibeads. Thereafter, multiple tests were conducted to optimize the working conditions and validate analytical performance.
The optimum concentration of the biotinylated antibodies was 1 μg/mL while the optimal dilution ratio for the anti-sST2 antibodies and conjugated chemibeads was 1500. In addition, the optimal antigen-antibody reaction time was 15 minutes (min). Notably, the developed method showed a short turnaround time of about 25 min.
