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In 1626, René Descartes and Claude Mydorge worked closely together on the problem of refraction, apparently discovering what is now known as the sine law of refraction. They constructed a plano-hyperbolic lens in order to test out the truth of this mathematical relationship. In 1637, Descartes finally published the sine method of determining refractions in his Dioptrique, which also demonstrated, on the basis of this relationship, that the hyperbola and ellipse were anaclastic lines (that is, that a lens with their profile would refract rays perfectly to a single point) without mentioning Mydorge. Mydorge himself wrote a short manuscript on the subject of refraction and lenses, which is found in a copy among Mersenne's papers. Scholars have usually assumed that this treatise was written as Mydorge and Descartes worked together in 1626. However, other evidence shows that only the first part of the treatise records the two men's early collaboration. Subsequently, Mydorge and Descartes completed their arguments separately, Descartes with the help of Isaac Beeckman.Thailand's antimicrobial stewardship strategy has focussed on promoting 'rational drug use' in the public sector, to reduce the threat of drug resistance and control healthcare expenditure. The strategy's next ambition is to attend to the private sector, where antibiotics are widely available over the counter without prescription. Using ethnographic and survey data, this paper follows antibiotics through community pharmacies, to explore drug distribution and access, and identify potential challenges for stewardship. We extend the analytical frame beyond 'irrational' dispenser-customer transactions, to explore the logics of practice of a multiplicity of actors in the context of a highly competitive pharmaceutical market. Highlighting the role of the pharmaceutical industry in mystifying medicines, we show how antibiotics are collapsed into a category of 'strong medicines' and requested by customers using 'prescriptions by proxy'. We further examine how Thailand's drug regulation and classificatory systems, historically orientated around access to medicines, enable the proliferation of antibiotics in the context of contemporary efforts to control distribution. Recognising the negotiations involved in dispensing antibiotics in a pluralistic health system, we attempt to reconfigure allocations of responsibility, advocating for stewardship approaches that take into account local ecologies of care, as well as implications for access, equity, and accountability.
It has been reported that the scores of the Keele STarT Back Screening Tool (SBST) and the short form of Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI-9) are associated with Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in patients with low back pain (LBP). However, it is unclear which screening tool is more associated with HRQoL in patients with LBP.
To identify which SBST and CSI-9 are more related to HRQoL and investigate the association between SBST and CSI-9 scores.
Cross-sectional study.
A multiple regression analysis was conducted to examine the factors associated with the HRQoL using age, pain intensity, disability, SBST score, and CSI-9 score as independent variables. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was also conducted to determine the association between SBST and CSI-9 score.
Multiple regression analysis revealed that the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score (p<0.01, β=-0.62, VIF=1.70) and SBST score (p<0.01, β=-0.32, VIF=1.86) were significant associated variables. A significant association was found between SBST and CSI-9 scores (p<0.01, ρ=0.47).
The results showed that in patients with LBP the association of HRQoL with SBST was more substantial than with CSI-9.
The results showed that in patients with LBP the association of HRQoL with SBST was more substantial than with CSI-9.Research has demonstrated a lack of support for hospice caregivers and a higher than average level of self-reported anxiety and depression. While online support groups are gaining popularity, few protocols have been published, little research has demonstrated the skills required to facilitate, and virtually no data has explored the clinical outcomes affiliated with participation in such groups. This paper presents the preliminary experience and results of a clinical trial testing the use of online support groups designed to both educate and provide social support to caregivers of hospice cancer patients. A detailed protocol outlines educational strategies, discussion questions, and a blueprint outlining ways to engage participants. A review of field notes completed by the interventionist reveal specific facilitation skills and strategies used to engage participants. Finally, preliminary analysis of 78 participants shows the group is having a statistically significant impact on the caregiver depression.
Epilepsy is a neurological disease that pathologically affects brain functions. The epileptic hippocampus has modified microRNA(miRNA) levels. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of thymoquinone (TQ) in PTZ-induced epilepsy and to demonstrate the overlap between miRNA and mRNA expression profiles.
Male adult Wistar albino rats (200-230g, n =20) were divided into three groups as control (n=6), PTZ (n=7), and TQ + PTZ (n=7). The PTZ kindling model was created by injecting PTZ in sub convulsive doses to rats on days 1, 3, 5, 8, 10, 12, 15, 17, 19, 22, and 24 of the study into animals. Clonic and tonic seizures were induced by injecting a convulsive dose of PTZ on day 26 of the study. selleck inhibitor Rats in the TQ+PTZ group were treated by oral gavage with a 20 mg/kg TQ 2h before each PTZ injection. The rats in the control group were treated with 0.5ml saline. Seizure severity was evaluated with the Racine scale. The genes and signaling pathways targeted by miRNAs were determined by bioinformatics analysis.
In the rat hippocampus, mature 728 miRNAs were analyzed by microarray and the nine miRNA were verified by quantitative Real-Time PCR.
and
were up-regulated in the PTZ group and down-regulated in the TQ + PTZ group.
In the PTZ kindling epilepsy model, the expression of these two miRNAs was regulated by TQ and exerted a neuroprotective effect by controlling the activities of target genes.
In the PTZ kindling epilepsy model, the expression of these two miRNAs was regulated by TQ and exerted a neuroprotective effect by controlling the activities of target genes.In the 21st century, many scientific discoveries and treatments that science offers to humanity in the health sector, as well as many negative developments that it has created on the sector and employees cannot be ignored. Along with the Covid-19 pandemic, the heavy workload in the health sector and the risks in the working environment have created an important source of stress for the employees. This has affected employees' work engagement and job performance. Employees need more organizational support in their workplaces in order to increase service quality and ensure organizational success. In the study, the mediating role of perceived organizational support in the relationship between work engagement and job performance of healthcare professionals working under heavy workload and stress was investigated. In accordance with the research purpose, a questionnaire was applied to the hospital staff in Istanbul (n = 402). The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS 23 and AMOS 18 package programs. The results of the analysis show that perceived organizational support has a mediating role in the relationship between work engagement and job performance. The research findings are of a quality that will attract the attention of managers in the health sector. In addition, the findings obtained as a result of the research are a source for further studies on the health sector.
The aim of this study was to use the ADKAR model of organizational change to gain an understanding of why a training program designed to equip staff with the skills to provide a Consumer Directed Care (CDC) model in nursing homes produced little change in the outcome variables, including resident quality of life.
We collected and analyzed various forms of site-specific data including CDC implementation plans developed by staff trained in 21 facilities, and their training facilitators' records.
Staff trained in the principles of CDC produced well-developed, facility-specific plans to introduce a CDC model of care, yet they faced many barriers to the implementation of these plans. These barriers were spread across multiple stages of the ADKAR model and included staff turnover (including managers), lack of engagement by management, lack of or inconsistent availability of a CDC champion, and disruptions to the training program.
We identified several organizational factors contributing to the failure of the training program to produce anticipated changes.
Without organizational commitment and full management support, attempts to implement CDC training programs are likely to fail, leading to negative consequences for residents' autonomy and control over how they are cared for.
Without organizational commitment and full management support, attempts to implement CDC training programs are likely to fail, leading to negative consequences for residents' autonomy and control over how they are cared for.This study investigated how sex modifies postural discomfort perception during a sagittally-symmetric, seated static posture holding (SPH) task. Ten male and 10 female participants performed SPH and conducted subjective discomfort ratings in a total of 108 task conditions. A regression analysis found that the impacts of the body joint reactive moments on perceived discomfort were larger for the female group than the male whereas that of the shoulder joint angle was more pronounced for the male than the female. Also, some of the 108 task conditions were found to be more uncomfortable for the male group, while some others, for the female. The observed sex impacts are thought to be due to the sex differences in physical work capacities (muscular strength and joint flexibility). The results suggest that new posture analysis tools allowing sex-specific analyses are needed as they would improve the accuracy and precision of ergonomics posture analyses. Practitioner summary This study empirically investigated how sex modifies postural discomfort perception during a seated posture holding (SPH) task. Sex was found to modify the impacts of joint reactive moments and the shoulder joint angle. The study results seem to reflect the sex differences in muscular strength and joint flexibility.This study presents the first part of a mixed-methods exploration of couple sexual communication. Typologies of heterosexual couples in committed, sexual relationships were created for further exploration of group differences in sexual communication. A cluster analysis categorized couples into four different couple typologies mutually satisfied, satisfied men/dissatisfied women, satisfied women/dissatisfied men, and mutually dissatisfied. Using a MANOVA approach, the couple typologies were used to identify differences in how the couple types communicated about sex. The results revealed significant differences among the differing couple types, which will be explored qualitatively in part two of this analysis.
