Starkmorton8705

Historically, laws and policies to criminalize drug use or possession were rooted in explicit racism, and they continue to wreak havoc on certain racialized communities. We are a group of bioethicists, drug experts, legal scholars, criminal justice researchers, sociologists, psychologists, and other allied professionals who have come together in support of a policy proposal that is evidence-based and ethically recommended. We call for the immediate decriminalization of all so-called recreational drugs and, ultimately, for their timely and appropriate legal regulation. We also call for criminal convictions for nonviolent offenses pertaining to the use or possession of small quantities of such drugs to be expunged, and for those currently serving time for these offenses to be released. In effect, we call for an end to the "war on drugs."This study compared the effects of acute caffeine supplementation (3 mg/kg) administered in the morning and evening on performance-related variables in basketball players. Eleven, national-level, adolescent male basketball players underwent field-based fitness testing on four occasions morning (1000) with caffeine ingestion (AMCAFF), morning (1000) with placebo ingestion (AMPLAC), evening (2100) with caffeine ingestion (PMCAFF), and evening (2100) with placebo ingestion (PMPLAC). Fitness testing included of a countermovement jump without arm swing (CMJ), CMJ with arm swing (CMJAS), squat jump (SJ), Lane Agility Drill (LAD), 20-m linear sprint, and Suicide Run with (SRD) and without dribbling (SR). Data were analysed using two-way repeated measures analyses of variance and paired t-tests, with effect sizes (ES) also determined for all pairwise comparisons. Follow-up t-test comparisons revealed that AMCAFF produced small-moderate, significant (p less then 0.001), improvements in CMJ (ES = 0.51), CMJAS (ES = 0.4 AMCAFF produced small-moderate improvements in vertical jump, change-of-direction, 20-m linear sprint, and repeated-sprint performance compared to AMPLAC while PMCAFF produced trivial differences in each performance-related variable compared to PMPLAC. Comparisons between ingestion times in the placebo condition revealed vertical jump height and 20-m sprint speed were impaired in the morning compared to the evening, but these time-dependent differences were eliminated when caffeine was consumed in the morning. Basketball practitioners should consider administering caffeine only to players in the morning to improve vertical jump, sprinting, and change-of-direction performance, with no beneficial effects observed with caffeine ingestion in the evening.This study uses an interpretive narrative approach to compare and contrast assumptions regarding social integration (participation in meaningful and multiple roles, and engagement in social networks) as promoted in the Chilean Comprehensive Policy for Positive Aging, with the expectations of interviewees aged 60 to 74 years. The Policy assumes specific forms of social integration by offering different options of social integration to dependent vs. independent older people, encouraging autonomy and self-management, and assuming the primacy of family responsibility in older people's care. Both the Policy and the interviewees emphasize the value of autonomy and independence in old age; the latter, however, do not place family at the frontline when care is needed. Understanding the matches and gaps between policy assumptions and older people's expectations for social integration, including the role of family caregiving, can open new possibilities to prevent social isolation and promote different forms of social support that are valued by older adults for their emotional and practical benefit.Previous western studies revealed a two-dimensional model (valence and dominance) in voice impressions. To explore the cross-cultural validity of this model, the present study recruited Chinese participants to evaluate other people's personality from recordings of Chinese vocal greeting word "Ni Hao". Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with Varimax Rotation and Parallel Analysis was used to investigate the dimensions underlying personality judgments. The results also revealed a two-dimensional model approachability and capability. The approachability dimension was similar to the valence dimension reported in a previous study. It indicated that the approachability/valence dimension has cross-cultural commonality. Unlike the dimension of dominance which was closely related to aggressiveness, the dimension of capability emphasized the social aspects of capability such as intellectuality, social skills, and tenacity. In addition, the acoustic parameters that were used to infer the personality of speakers, as well as the relationship between vocal attractiveness and the personality dimensions of voice, were also partially different from the findings in Western culture.This Study was designed to answer the question what are the intervention goals of women for ceasing to smoke. The present research was part of a larger study and was a pioneering systematic research conducted between September 23, 2018 and September 26, 2019 through an intervention mapping in southern Iran among professional hookah Smoking (HS) women. In order to know more about the HS among women, the behavioral and environmental correlates of HS/cessation and the determiners or fundamental causes of these factors were extracted via a systematic review and a local qualitative study. As the results revealed, the expected outcomes of the educational program concerning hookah cessation were achieved. Tamoxifen As the realization of these outcomes requires certain changes to the behavioral and environmental dimensions, in the next step, the intervention goals of hookah cessation were identified. As the results showed, four behavioral factors involved in the unhealthy HS behavior were individual HS, Being in the Company of hookah smokers, Visiting tempting and contaminated places and Physical and mental dependence on HS (habit), In addition, four effective environmental factors were found at different interpersonal, organizational, community and policy levels. These include, respectively recommendation and motivation for cessation by influential figures, care providers' poor inadequate knowledge and skill, Easy acceptance of hookah in society, and the lack of effective rules. Knowledge, awareness, social norms, Motivation to comply, skill and self-efficacy, habit, were among the determining factors of hookah cessation. Employment of a systematic is based on evidence and cooperation and is guided by a assessing the needs of the target population. Such a method can suggest more purposive and relevant intervention goals so as to cease HS. The aim would be to intervene in the purposes of the above-mentioned change, as compared in predetermined interventions, and increase the chances of HS cessation among women.