Kejserfarmer7705

The growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were effectively inhibited by all the solvent extracted fractions from the fruits while aqueous fraction was not able to inhibit the growth of Bacillus subtilis. The growth of Candida albicans was effectively inhibited by ethyl acetate extracted fraction from leaves at 3 mg disc-1 concentration.TGF-β signal pathway activation is vital in the pathogenesis of DKD. We aim to investigate the role of Yishenhuoxue formula on TGF-β/Smad signal transduction in DKD rats. 60 male adult Wistar rats were enrolled and randomly allocated into four groups N group, M group (given STZ 60mg/kg, ip), H group (given Yishenhuoxue formula 1.0g/kg/day, ig) and L group (given Yishenhuoxue formula 0.5g/kg/day, ig). The levels of BW, 24h UV, SCr, UCr, mALB were measured after 8 weeks treatment, while the levels of KW/BW index, CCr and UAER were calculated by relevant formula. The rats' left kidneys were harvested to detect histological changes by PAS staining and right kidneys were harvested to detect the levels of TGF-β, Smad2/3, phosphorylated Smad 2/3, Smad 7 and CTGF by western blot analysis. We found that Yishenhuoxue formula treatment can protect kidneys from DKD injury, which is illustrated with following criteria 1) a significant decrement in KW/BW index, 24h UV, SCr, mALB and UAER, while a significant increment in BW, UCr, CCr (p less then 0.05 vs. M group); 2) minor and segmental changes as slight expansion of the glomerular basement membrane compared with M group; 3) an apparent decrease in levels of TGF-β1, phosphorylated Smad 2/3 and CTGF, while an apparent increase in levels of Smad 2/3 and Smad7 compared with M group (p less then 0.05). The studies confirm that Yishenhuoxue formula has strong inhibitory effect on TGF-β/Smad signal transduction in DKD rats' kidneys by decreasing expression of TGF-β1, weakening of Smad 2/3 phosphorylation and increasing expression of Smad 7.Three substituted flavone derivatives have been synthesized from substituted O-hydroxy acetophenones and 4-trifluoromethyl benzaldehyde in good yield. These compounds were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray Diffraction. Compound F1 and F3 were re-crystallized from their concentrated solutions in chloroform ethyl acetate mixture while F2 was re-crystallized in ethyl acetate n-hexane mixture. Compound F1 and F3 are monoclinic (space group P21/c) with lattice parameters [a, b, c (A) / β (°)] = 13.332 (2), 15.616 (2) / 6.2898 (8) and 13.9716 (15), 7.1868 (7), 13.6912 (14) / 91.113(6) respectively. Compound F2 is Triclinic (space group P-1) and has lattice parameters [a, b, c (Å) / α, β, γ (°)] = 6.5002 (6), 8.3801 (9), 13.5989 (14) / 89.348(5), 85.141(4), 84.521(5). Antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic profile was investigated. The compounds showed moderate to less activity on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), Hydrogen peroxide (H/2/O/2) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) models of radical scavenging activity while promising antibacterial potentials were recorded. Furthermore, these molecules can also be used as potential candidates for new antitumor agents.This is a new expanded method of determining the characterisation of fucoidan from Laminaria japonica (kelp) in rat plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection. We tagged fucoidan by fluoresce in isothiocyanate (FITC) for tracking and treated the plasma samples via protein precipitation with 10% trichloroacetic acid and methanol. Column chromatography separation was on a TSK-G4000sw column (7.8 mm × 300 mm, 5 mm) by elution with 0.15 M NaCl. The quantification of fucoidan was performed by HPLC with fluorescence detection. The results suggested that the calibration curve for fucoidan concentration was linear dependent in the limits of 0.5-100μg/mL. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) was 0.5μg/mL and the lower limit of detection (LLOD) was 0.15μg/mL. The intra-day and inter-day precision values were less than 13%and the accuracy ranged from 96.83 to 100.03% at 3 different concentrations. The fucoidan stability of rat plasma at different temperatures and time-points was estimated. The extraction efficiencies ranged from 93.33 to 96.53%and the matrix effect ranged from 92.67 to 95.83%. Method selectivity was evaluated as well. We successfully studied the pharmacokinetic of fucoidan in rat plasma after oral by the validated method. Fucoidan was administered to rats intravenously at a dose of 6 mg/kg and orally at a dose of 20 mg/kg. The Cmax was 7.33μg/mL within 2 h by oral administration; The initial Cmax was 75.59μg/mL. The bioavailability of fucoidan after oral administration to rats was 8.91%.AIMS This study evaluated associations between coronary collaterals and myocardial viability assessed by quantitative cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging in patients with a chronic coronary total occlusion (CTO). METHODS AND RESULTS 218 patients with a CTO who underwent CMR between 2013-2018 were included. A concomitant collateral connection (CC) score 2 and Rentrop grade 3 defined well-developed collaterals in 146 (67%) patients, whereas lower CC scores or Rentrop grades characterized poorly-developed collaterals. Dysfunctional myocardium (50%) was observed in only 5% of CTO segments. In the CTO territory, SWT was higher (3.72±1.51 vs. 3.05±1.60mm, p less then 0.01) and extent of scar was lower (7.0 [0.1-16.7] vs. 13.1% [2.8-22.2], p=0.048) in patients having well-developed vs. poorly-developed collaterals. Viability was more prevalent in CTO segments among patients with poorly-developed vs. well-developed collaterals (44% vs. 30% of segments, p less then 0.01), predominantly due to higher prevalence of dysfunctional myocardium (51% vs. 34% of segments, p less then 0.01) in the poorly-developed collateral group. CONCLUSIONS The infarcted area in myocardium subtended by a CTO is generally limited. Well-developed collaterals are associated with less myocardial scar and enhanced preserved function. However, viability was regularly present in patients with poorly-developed collaterals.AIMS Novel parameters that detect failed microvascular reperfusion might better identify the patients likely to benefit from adjunctive treatments during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). LY2780301 nmr We hypothesised that a novel invasive parameter, the thermodilution-derived temperature recovery time (TRT), would be associated with microvascular obstruction (MVO) and prognosis. METHODS AND RESULTS TRT was derived and validated in two independent ST-elevation myocardial infarction populations and was measured immediately post-PCI. TRT was defined as the duration (seconds) from the nadir of the hyperaemic thermodilution curve to 20% from baseline body temperature. MVO extent (% left ventricular mass) was assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging at 2-7 days. In the retrospective derivation cohort (n=271, mean age 60±12 years, 72% male), higher TRT was associated with more MVO (coefficient 4.24 [95% CI 2.26-6.22) pmedian, thermodilution waveform, age and ischaemic time. At 5-years, higher TRT was multivariably associated with all-cause death/ heart failure hospitalisation (OR 4.14 [95% CI 2.08-8.25] p less then 0.001) and major adverse cardiac events (OR 4.05 [95% CI 2.00-8.21] p less then 0.001). In the validation population (n=144, mean age 60±11 years, 80% male), the findings were confirmed prospectively. CONCLUSIONS TRT represents a novel diagnostic advance for predicting MVO and prognosis.AIMS We investigated the association between the use and findings of IVUS with clinical outcomes in the PCI arm of a randomised trial of LMS PCI. METHODS AND RESULTS The NOBLE trial randomised patients with LMS disease to treatment by PCI or CABG. Of 603 patients treated by PCI, 435(72%) underwent post-PCI IVUS assessment of which 224 were analysed in a core-laboratory. At 5 years, the composite of MACCE were 18.9% if post-PCI IVUS was performed vs. 25.0% if not (p=0.45, after adjustment). Overall repeat revascularization was not reduced (10.6% vs. 16.5%, p=0.11), however LMS TLR was (5.1% vs. 11.6%, p=0.01) if IVUS was used. For comparison of stent expansion, LMS MSA was split into tertiles. We found no significant difference in MACCE, death, myocardial infarction or stent thrombosis between tertiles. There was a significant difference between the lower and upper tertiles for repeat revascularisation (17.6% vs. 5.2%, p=0.02) and LMS TLR (12.2% vs. 0%, p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS Post PCI IVUS assessment and adequate stent expansion are not associated with reduced MACCE, however there is an association with reduced LMS TLR. Use of intra-coronary imaging to prevent stent under-expansion in LMS PCI is likely to improve outcomes.Hemocyanin is a respiratory protein that possesses multiple physiological and immunological functions in shrimp. However, the transcriptional regulation of the hemocyanin gene is still poorly understood. Here, the nuclear receptor E75 of Litopenaeus vannamei (LvE75) was identified as one of the transcriptional regulators that modulates the transcription of the small molecular weight hemocyanin gene of L. vannamei (LvHMCs) by inhibiting its core promoter activity in a Dual-luciferase assay. In silico analysis revealed that the core promoter (designated HsP3), which is located at +1517/+1849 bp of LvHMCs contained a putative E75 binding motif ("ACGGAAT", spanning +1812/+1818 bp). Further, LvE75 was shown to inhibit the core promoter activity by direct binding. Importantly, in vivo silencing of LvE75 resulted in a significant upregulation in the mRNA and protein expression of LvHMCs gene. Taken together, our present results provide direct evidence that LvE75 is a transcriptional suppressor of the LvHMCs gene expression. BACKGROUND Since 2003, 200 cases of bird flu (H5N1) cases have been reported with 168 death (case fatality rate 84%) in Indonesia. Pandemics are unpredictable, but the threat is imminent. Therefore, pandemic preparedness, which includes full simulation exercises, is a key to reduce this threat. Responding to the challenges, Ministry of Health (MoH) Indonesia adopted WHO pandemic risk management guideline, developed contingency plan and conducted full scale epicenter influenza pandemic simulation. METHOD The exercise outlines the Government of Indonesia operational plans for Avian Influenza (AI) control from the detection of AI cases (from poultry to human transmission) and containment of human to human transmission of novel influenza virus in influenza pandemic epicenter at Setu village South Tangerang. The simulation covers multiple locations in community, hospitals, point of entry and live bird market. 25 evaluators and around 800 observers involved in the exercise. RESULTS The full scale pandemic epicenter containment exercise has demonstrated Indonesia capacity in whole of society approach pandemic risk management in the overall national emergency response framework, covering command and coordination, animal health response surveillance, medical response, laboratory, risk communication, perimeter control, pharmaceutical interventions, non-pharmaceutical interventions and civil-military interoperability. It is served as a momentum to improve multisector commitment on pandemic preparedness. The outcome of this exercise has contributed to identification of gaps that require further strengthening of IHR core capacities in the country to reduce the threat of the next influenza pandemic. CONCLUSION There is also a critical need for more evidence-based strategies and policy formulation to strengthen pandemic preparedness.