Mooneyoh5993

Nowadays, immunotherapy is widely used to treat different cancer types as it boosts the body's natural defenses against the malignancy, with lower risk of adverse events compared to the traditional treatments. The immune system is able to control cancer growth but, unfortunately, many cancers take advantage of immune checkpoints pathways for the immune evasion. An intricate network of factors including tumor, host and environmental variables influence the individual response to immune checkpoints' inhibitors. Between them, the gut microbiota (GM) has recently gained increasing attention because of its emerging role as a modulator of the immune response. Several studies analyzed the diversities between immunotherapy-sensitive and immunotherapy-resistant cohorts, evidencing that particular GM profiles were closely associated to treatment effect. In addition, other data documented that interventional GM modulation could effectively enhance efficacy and relieve resistance during immunotherapy treatment. Diet represents one of the major GM determinants, and ongoing studies are examining the role of the food-gut axis in immunotherapy treatment. Here, we review recent studies that described how variations of the GM affects patient's responsivity to anti-cancer immunotherapy and how diet-related factors impact on the GM modulation in cancer, outlining potential future clinical directions of these recent findings.In the last years, several studies have been focused on elucidate the role of tumor microenvironment (TME) in cancer development and progression. Within TME, cells from adaptive and innate immune system are one of the main abundant components. The dynamic interactions between immune and cancer cells lead to the activation of complex molecular mechanisms that sustain tumor growth. This important cross-talk has been elucidate for several kind of tumors and occurs also in patients with liver cancer, such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). Liver is well-known to be an important immunological organ with unique microenvironment. Here, in normal conditions, the rich immune-infiltrating cells cooperate with non-parenchymal cells, such as liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and Kupffer cells, favoring self-tolerance against gut antigens. The presence of underling liver immunosuppressive microenvironment highlights the importance to dissect the interaction between HCC and iCCA cells with immune infiltrating cells, in order to understand how this cross-talk promotes tumor growth. Deeper attention is, in fact, focused on immune-based therapy for these tumors, as promising approach to counteract the intrinsic anti-tumor activity of this microenvironment. In this review, we will examine the key pathways underlying TME cell-cell communications, with deeper focus on the role of natural killer cells in primary liver tumors, such as HCC and iCCA, as new opportunities for immune-based therapeutic strategies.Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) incidence has been increasing steadily, most dramatically in the Western developed countries. Treatment often includes lifelong immunosuppressive therapy and surgery. There is a critical need to reduce the burden of IBD and to discover medical therapies with better efficacy and fewer potential side-effects. Repurposing of treatments originally studied in other diseases with similar pathogenesis is less costly and time intensive than de novo drug discovery. This study used a treatment repurposing methodology, the literature-related discovery and innovation (LRDI) text mining system, to identify potential treatments (developed for non-IBD diseases) with sufficient promise for extrapolation to treatment of IBD. By searching for desirable patterns of twenty key biomarkers relevant to IBD (e.g., inflammation, reactive oxygen species, autophagy, barrier function), the LRDI-based query retrieved approximately 9500 records from Medline. The most recent 350 records were further analyzed for proof-of-concept. HSP inhibitor Approximately 18% (64/350) met the criteria for discovery (not previously studied in IBD human or animal models) and relevance for application to IBD treatment. Many of the treatments were compounds derived from herbal remedies, and the majority of treatments were being studied in cancer, diabetes, and central nervous system disease, such as depression and dementia. As further validation of the search strategy, the query identified ten treatments that have just recently begun testing in IBD models in the last three years. Literature-related discovery and innovation text mining contains a unique search strategy with tremendous potential to identify treatments for repurposing. A more comprehensive query with additional key biomarkers would have retrieved many thousands more records, further increasing the yield of IBD treatment repurposing discovery.

This study's primary objective is to evaluate the time spent in the peer-review process for orthopaedic publications related to the Covid-19 pandemic. The secondary objective is to evaluate the countries' and journals' contributions in these publications.

We carried a search on August 1st, 2020, in one database (PubMed) using limited search terms to identify the orthopaedic publications related to the Covid-19 pandemic. After a filtration process, we evaluated the eligible article to identify the prevalence of different articles types, different countries, and journal contributions in these publications. link2 The evaluation of the time spent in the peer-review process was done by obtaining the submission and acceptance dates.

Of the 231 articles eligible for initial assessment, review articles were the most common article type published (51%), 48 countries published articles in a unique 78 journals. Evaluation of the peer-review process in 147 articles revealed that the mean time from submission to acceptance was 14.3±15.8 days (range from 0 to 74), the peer-review process took less than 30 days in 127 (86.4%) articles, 15 (10.2%) articles were accepted within the first day of submission.

Orthopaedic community contributed significantly to the publications related to the Covid-19 pandemic, with a contribution from many countries and journals. The peer-review process was notably shortened for some articles.

Orthopaedic community contributed significantly to the publications related to the Covid-19 pandemic, with a contribution from many countries and journals. The peer-review process was notably shortened for some articles.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) requires a holistic approach and continuous care. The current COVID-19 pandemic has made the health care professionals realise its challenges even more ardently than in the normal times. In a country like India with its huge population burden and a significant number of people having T1D, the risk of COVID-19 in people having T1DM is considerably high.

In this article, we are sharing our practical experiences of problems faced by children and adolescents having T1DM during the past 2 months of lockdown.

We have classified the challenges into 3 broad categories based on diabetes self-management, healthcare system and psychosocial aspects. We have tried to provide precise, comprehensive and region specific solutions to these challenges. Solutions briefly include maintaining the supply chain of essentials like insulin, syringes and glucose meter strips to psychological support, financial aid and support for hospitalization in case of COVID-19 itself or diabetes complications including diabetic ketoacidosis.

Children and adolescents having T1DM require special care and attention during this period of COVID-19 pandemic because of various challenges as discussed. Our proposed solutions may help them overcome these problems and help them in better diabetes management during such emergency situations.

Children and adolescents having T1DM require special care and attention during this period of COVID-19 pandemic because of various challenges as discussed. Our proposed solutions may help them overcome these problems and help them in better diabetes management during such emergency situations.If hydrokinetic turbines are to make a significant contribution to small scale off-grid power supply, they will need to be affordable, reliable and easily deployed at many sites, not just a few with exceptional combinations of depth and high flow velocity. Few if any products currently on the market meet these criteria. This paper addresses the challenge of providing small scale electrical power and pumping from rivers, in particular for villages in high rainfall tropical areas where there is no mains power, not much wind or sunny weather in the wet season, and not enough elevation for conventional micro-hydro. Hydrokinetic power is proposed, and candidate turbines are evaluated, including multiple small axial flow turbines, various forms of horizontal axis Darrieus turbines, water wheels, and belt turbines. The importance of channel blockage in enhancing turbine power output is discussed.

Surgical management of high-grade spondylolisthesis is not only challenging but also controversial, from in situ fusion to complete reduction. We report our results of a safe three-stage spinal procedure in a single surgical session with seven patients diagnosed high-grade spondylolisthesis.

Posterior fixation combined with interbody fusion is effective on reduction, ossification and clinical outcomes in high-grade spondylolisthesis.

This study is a retrospective review of patients who underwent surgery between 2016 and 2018. The surgical method involved specific installation for deformity reduction, pedicle screw fixation, correction of lumbosacral kyphosis with a specific distraction maneuver, wide decompression, gradual reduction of the deformity, and sometimes maintenance of the reduction with interbody fusion. Patients were checked out at 2, 6 and 12 months and yearly after the procedure. Clinical, radiological, Visual Analogic Scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) outcomes measures were collected.

Seven patients with high-grade spondylolisthesis at L5-S1 (2 patients grade II, 4 patients grade IV and 1 patient grade V), with a median age of 37 years [17; 72] were included. Median follow-up was 24 months [12; 25 months]. link3 All patients have a fused joint at 6 months except one. Median lumbosacral angle (LSA) improved from 76°[59; 85] to 94°[76; 104].

grade of 2 cases was stable after surgery, 3 cases with loss of two ranks and 2 cases with loss of one rank. The radiological parameters showed statistically significant difference (p=0.036) postoperatively. There was not deep infection. Medians VAS and ODI showed improved pain and disability scores.

This procedure allows correct reduction rate of high-grade spondylolisthesis with good clinic-radiologic outcomes. Though surgically demanding, it was safe and reproducible.

IV, retrospective.

IV, retrospective.Trochanteric hip fractures may be fixed with either sliding hip screws or intramedullary devices. Current UK guidance is that intramedullary fixation should be used for AO/OTA 31A3 fractures but does not stipulate length of nail. We present a systematic review comparing short and long nails for these injuries in older patients. Three studies were randomized, all with methodological concerns. None demonstrated a clinically significant difference in outcome. There is no good evidence to support long over short intramedullary devices in this scenario. Evidence is required to demonstrate whether the potentially increased surgical risk confers any benefits in this group.