Hvidmygind8881

The results suggest that how people interpret mindfulness has important consequences and can be used to guide how mindfulness is implemented in response to global challenges.Social change in any society entails changes in both behaviours and institutions. We model a group-structured society in which the transmission of individual behaviour occurs in parallel with the selection of group-level institutions. We consider a cooperative behaviour that generates collective benefits for groups but does not spread between individuals on its own. Groups exhibit institutions that increase the diffusion of the behaviour within the group, but also incur a group cost. Groups adopt institutions in proportion to their fitness. Finally, the behaviour may also spread globally. We find that behaviour and institutions can be mutually reinforcing. But the model also generates behavioural source-sink dynamics when behaviour generated in institutionalized groups spreads to non-institutionalized groups and boosts their fitness. Consequently, the global diffusion of group-beneficial behaviour creates a pattern of institutional free-riding that limits the evolution of group-beneficial institutions. Our model suggests that, in a group-structured society, large-scale beneficial social change can be best achieved when the relevant behaviour and institutions remain correlated.Beetles constitute the most biodiverse animal order with over 380 000 described species and possibly several million more yet unnamed. Recent phylogenomic studies have arrived at considerably incongruent topologies and widely varying estimates of divergence dates for major beetle clades. Here, we use a dataset of 68 single-copy nuclear protein-coding (NPC) genes sampling 129 out of the 193 recognized extant families as well as the first comprehensive set of fully justified fossil calibrations to recover a refined timescale of beetle evolution. Using phylogenetic methods that counter the effects of compositional and rate heterogeneity, we recover a topology congruent with morphological studies, which we use, combined with other recent phylogenomic studies, to propose several formal changes in the classification of Coleoptera Scirtiformia and Scirtoidea sensu nov., Clambiformia ser. nov. and Clamboidea sensu nov., Rhinorhipiformia ser. nov., Byrrhoidea sensu nov., Dryopoidea stat. res., Nosodendriformia ser. nov. and Staphyliniformia sensu nov., and Erotyloidea stat. nov., Nitiduloidea stat. nov. and Cucujoidea sensu nov., alongside changes below the superfamily level. Our divergence time analyses recovered a late Carboniferous origin of Coleoptera, a late Palaeozoic origin of all modern beetle suborders and a Triassic-Jurassic origin of most extant families, while fundamental divergences within beetle phylogeny did not coincide with the hypothesis of a Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution.We present a comparative density functional theory investigation of the furfural (Ff) molecule on the low index Ni, Pd and Pt surfaces to understand its geometrical and electronic properties to gain mechanistic insights into the experimentally measured catalytic reactivities of these metal catalysts. We show that the number of metal d-states, which hybridize with the nearest C and O p-orbitals of the Ff molecule, can be used to explain the stability of the Ff molecule on these surfaces. We find that the hybridization between atoms with higher electronegativity and the metal d-states plays a crucial role in determining the stability of these systems. Furthermore, we also find electron transfer from metal to the Ff molecule on the Ni and Pd surfaces, with a reverse process occurring on the Pt surface.ZSM-5 zeolites were hydrothermally synthesized with commercial silica sol, and the crystal size was controlled by adding silicalite-1 seed in the synthetic system. RZ-2994 molecular weight The crystal size of ZSM-5 was affected by the crystallization time of seed, seed content and seed size. ZSM-5 zeolites with controllable particle size in the range of 200-2200 nm could be obtained. The prepared samples with different particle sizes were used for the reaction of methanol conversion to aromatics (MTA). The results suggested that the HZSM-5 catalyst with small crystal size showed much longer catalyst lifetime and higher selectivity for C5 + hydrocarbons and aromatics, especially C9 + aromatics in the MTA reaction. Moreover, the introduction of zinc (Zn) into the HZSM-5 zeolites can considerably promote the selectivity to aromatics in the products. Zn modified HZSM-5 zeolites with different Zn loading amounts were prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation method, and the highest aromatics selectivity was obtained when the Zn loading was 1.0%. The improvement of methanol aromatization was ascribed to the synergistic effect of Brønsted acid sites and the newly formed Zn-Lewis acid sites.Ethanol within ripe and over-ripe fruit is produced naturally through the metabolic activity of fermentative yeasts. As a consequence, frugivorous animals may chronically consume ethanol as part of their routine diet, although direct measurements of such exposure are lacking. Here, we present data on ethanol concentrations within fruits of Spondias mombin (Anacardiaceae) that are eaten by black-handed spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Of collected fruits that were partially consumed and then dropped by foraging monkeys, pulp-ethanol content was typically in the range of 1-2%; the percentage of pulp for consumed fruits was not significantly correlated with the ethanol concentration of the pulp remaining within each fruit. Urine samples from foraging spider monkeys were also evaluated for the ethanol metabolites ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulfate; five of six samples tested positive for both compounds. In aggregate, these data indicate natural exposure to fruit-associated ethanol in a wild primate species.The COVID-19 pandemic breaking out at the end of 2019 has seriously impacted urban human mobility and poses great challenges for traffic management and urban planning. An understanding of this influence from multiple perspectives is urgently needed. In this study, we propose a multiscale geospatial network framework for the analysis of bike-sharing data, aiming to provide a new perspective for the exploration of the pandemic impact on urban human mobility. More specifically, we organize the bike-sharing data into a network representation, and divide the network into a three-scale structure, ranging from the whole bike system at the macroscale, to the network community at the mesoscale and then to the bicycle station at the microscale. The spatiotemporal analysis of bike-sharing data at each scale is combined with visualization methods for an intuitive understanding of the patterns. We select New York City, one of the most seriously influenced city by the pandemic, as the study area, and used Citi Bike bike-sharing data from January to April in 2019 and 2020 in this area for the investigation. The analysis results show that with the development of the pandemic, the riding flow and its spatiotemporal distribution pattern changed significantly, which had a series of effects on the use and management of bikes in the city. These findings may provide useful references during the pandemic for various stakeholders, e.g., citizens for their travel planning, bike-sharing companies for bicycle dispatching and bicycle disinfection management, and governments for traffic management.

In total, 456 PGT cycles, including 283 PGT-SR cycles and 173 PGT-A cycles, were assessed through comprehensive chromosome screening (CCS) from January 2017 to June 2020 at the Department of Reproductive Medicine of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Trophectoderm (TE) biopsies were sequenced using next-generation sequencing (NGS). The incidence of de novo chromosome abnormalities was calculated, and the relationships between de novo chromosome abnormality rates and maternal age, number of oocytes retrieved, and parameters of cleavage-stage embryos and blastocyst-stage embryos were investigated.

The incidence of de novo chromosome abnormalities was 28.0% (318/1,135) in the PGT-SR cycles and 36.3% (214/590) in the PGT-A cycles, which increased with maternal age in both PGT-SR cycles (

 = 0.018) and PGT-A cycles (

 < 0.001). The incidence of de novo chromosome abnormalities was related to TE grade (

 < 0.001), internal cell mass grade (

 = 0.002), and development speed (day 5 vs. day 7

 < 0.001) of blastocyst-stage embryos. The incidence of de novo chromosomal abnormalities was irrelevant to the number of oocytes retrieved and the parameters of the embryo at the cleavage stage.

Blastocysts with higher morphology scores and faster progression had a lower incidence of de novo chromosome abnormalities, especially complex chromosome abnormalities. De novo chromosome abnormalities may negatively affect the morphological grading of blastocysts. Our findings will provide valuable information to the fertility doctor for embryo selection in non-PGT cycles.

Blastocysts with higher morphology scores and faster progression had a lower incidence of de novo chromosome abnormalities, especially complex chromosome abnormalities. De novo chromosome abnormalities may negatively affect the morphological grading of blastocysts. Our findings will provide valuable information to the fertility doctor for embryo selection in non-PGT cycles.Metformin and spironolactone alone can be used for the management of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), and their combination could result in even better outcomes. To compare the effects and safety of low-dose spironolactone combined with metformin or either drug alone on insulin resistance (IR) and functional improvement in patients with PCOS, this was a single-center, randomized, open-label, pilot study of patients with PCOS at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University between 01/2014 and 01/2016. The participants were randomized 1  1  1 to metformin, spironolactone, or metformin + spironolactone. The primary endpoint was the change in the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA)-IR after 12 weeks of treatment. A total of 189 participants were randomized (63 per group); 31 dropped out, and 54, 51, and 53 completed the 12-week treatment in the metformin, spironolactone, and combined groups, respectively. There were no differences in any parameters between the metformin and spironolactone groups (all P > 0.05). In the combined group, after 12 weeks of treatment, HOMA-IR (1.71 ± 0.91) was lower than in the metformin (1.92 ± 1.07, P  less then  0.05) and spironolactone (2.38 ± 1.14, P  less then  0.05) groups. In addition, total testosterone (TT), free androgen index (FAI), and area under the curve-insulin (AUCins) were lower in the combined group compared with the metformin group (all P  less then  0.05), while TT, FAI, HOMA-β, fasting plasma glucose, and AUCins were lower in the spironolactone group (all P  less then  0.05). Both metformin and spironolactone decreased HOMA-IR in patients with PCOS but without differences between the two monotherapies. The combined therapy decreased HOMA-IR to a greater extent than monotherapy.