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79, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-2.57). Thus, the current research evidence shows that grandchildren's overweight/obesity status is associated with their grandparents' overweight/obesity status, indicating a multigenerational transmission of obesity. However, more studies, especially from developing countries, are required to assess the robustness of these findings. Future studies should also focus on the mechanisms through which this transmission occurs.
Middle-aged persons living with HIV (PLHIV) have a heightened risk of more concomitant age-related comorbidities that are acknowledged as signs of poorer prognosis after deep-brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) at younger-than-expected ages. To assess the beneficial and adverse effects of STN-DBS in PLHIV with Parkinson's disease (PD).
We retrospectively included nine PLHIV with PD who had sustained virological control. Patients were followed up for 7±4years.
Patients' mean ages at PD onset and STN-DBS were 45±15 and 53±16years, respectively. At STN-DBS, mean HIV infection and PD durations were 15±12 and 8±4years, respectively. STN-DBS significantly improved 1-year Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS)-III scores (71%), daily off-time (63%), motor fluctuations (75%) and daily levodopa-equivalent dose (68%); mean 5-year UPDRS-III score and motor fluctuation improvements remained ~45%. Impulse control disorders (affecting 6/9 patients) fully resolved after STN-DBS. Postoperative course was uneventful. No serious adverse events occurred during follow-up.
Our findings indicate that STN-DBS is a safe and effective treatment for PLHIV with PD.
Our findings indicate that STN-DBS is a safe and effective treatment for PLHIV with PD.
Health practitioners often meet older persons suffering both from pain and depression. The study aimed to examine the factors associated with pain among older individuals and its association with major depression. In addition, the interaction between self-rated health (SRH), wealth status, and pain that is associated with depression are explored.
We used data from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI). Participants included 15,098 male and 16,366 female adults aged 60 years or older. Univariate and bivariate analyses along with χ
tests were conducted in the initial stage. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to fulfill the objectives. Major depression was calculated using Short Form Composite International Diagnostic Interview.
A proportion of 39.6% older individuals (n = 12,686) reported pain and 8.7% older adults (n = 2657) suffered from depression. Older adults who suffered from pain frequently were more likely to be depressed than those who never suffered from pain (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.70; confidence interval [CI] 1.38-2.09). The interaction of pain, SRH, and household wealth status on depression found that older adults with pain who reported poor SRH (AOR 4.18; CI 3.50-5.00) or belonged to rich households (AOR 2.27; CI 1.84-2.80) had higher odds of suffering from depression, compared to older adults with no pain and good SRH or no pain and belonged to poor households.
It is highlighted that pain is quite common in older people, and is linked to depression especially among older people with poor SRH. Thus, routine evaluation of pain and associated symptoms of mental illnesses should be performed for ensuring healthy aging.
It is highlighted that pain is quite common in older people, and is linked to depression especially among older people with poor SRH. Thus, routine evaluation of pain and associated symptoms of mental illnesses should be performed for ensuring healthy aging.
Pretreatment individualized assessment of tumor response to induction chemotherapy (ICT) is a need in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LANPC). Imaging method plays vital role in tumor response assessment. However, powerful imaging method for ICT response prediction in LANPC is insufficient.
To establish a robust model for predicting response to ICT in LANPC by comparing the performance of back propagation neural network (BPNN) model with logistic regression model.
Retrospective.
A total of 286 LANPC patients were assigned to training (N= 200, 43.8± 10.9 years, 152 male) and testing (N= 86, 43.5± 11.3 years, 57 male) cohorts.
T
-weighted imaging, contrast enhanced-T
-weighted imaging using fast spin echo sequences at 1.5T scanner.
Predictive clinical factors were selected by univariate and multivariate logistic models. Radiomic features were screened by interclass correlation coefficient, single-factor analysis, and the least absolute shrinkage selection operator (LASSO). Four g cohort 0.897 vs. 0.755 vs. 0.698 vs. 0.695).
A machine-learning approach using BPNN showed better ability than logistic regression model to predict tumor response to ICT in LANPC.
3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY Stage 2.
3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY Stage 2.
Adequate assessment of food intake is essential to establish the magnitude and direction of the relationship of food, nutrients, and bioactive compounds with clinical outcomes of individuals in hemodialysis. We evaluated the relative validity and reproducibility of a specific food frequency questionnaire for individuals on hemodialysis (FFQ-HD).
Eighty-two participants (57.3% male, 57.5 ± 14.4 years) from the open cohort Nutrition and Genetics in Hemodialysis Outcomes participated in this study. The relative validity of the FFQ-HD was assessed using the mean of two 24-h food recall (24hR) adjusted for within-subject variability as a reference method. We also performed Pearson correlations, and agreement between tertile, kappa statistics, and Bland-Altman scatter plots were validated. Reproducibility was assessed after 1 year using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).
Daily energy intake was not different between FFQ-HD and 24hR (mean difference of 50.1kcal). Intake of protein, linolenic acid, fiber, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, calcium, and sugar showed a moderate correlation (r between 0.4 and 0.5) among instruments, while mean correlation coefficient was r=0.38 to food group intake. Bland-Altman plots showed good agreement for micronutrients, phosphorus, sodium, and potassium and for the groups "flour, bread, and pasta" and "processed, canned meat, salts, and seasonings". The reproducibility of FFQ-HD for nutrients and food groups was satisfactory, reaching a maximum ICC of 0.72 and 0.59, respectively.
The FFQ-HD showed moderate validity and reproducibility for calories, nutrients, and food groups of clinical and nutritional interest for HD subjects so that it can be a useful tool in epidemiological studies in this population.
The FFQ-HD showed moderate validity and reproducibility for calories, nutrients, and food groups of clinical and nutritional interest for HD subjects so that it can be a useful tool in epidemiological studies in this population.With climate warming, drought becomes a vital challenge for agriculture. Extended drought periods affect plant-pathogen interactions. We demonstrate an interplay in tomato between drought and infection with tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV). Infected plants became more tolerant to drought, showing plant readiness to water scarcity by reducing metabolic activity in leaves and increasing it in roots. Reallocation of osmolytes, such as carbohydrates and amino acids, from shoots to roots suggested a role of roots in protecting infected tomatoes against drought. To avoid an acute response possibly lethal for the host organism, TYLCV down-regulated the drought-induced activation of stress response proteins and metabolites. MS177 purchase Simultaneously, TYLCV promoted the stabilization of osmoprotectants' patterns and water balance parameters, resulting in the development of buffering conditions in infected plants subjected to prolonged stress. Drought-dependent decline of TYLCV amounts was correlated with HSFA1-controlled activation of autophagy, mostly in the roots. The tomato response to combined drought and TYLCV infection points to a mutual interaction between the plant host and its viral pathogen.Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has emerged as a powerful tool for profiling gene expression of distinct cell populations at the single-cell level. However, the information of the positions of cells within the multicellular samples is missing in scRNA-seq datasets. To overcome this limitation, we herein develop OpTAG (optical cell tagging) as a new chemical platform for attaching functional tags onto cell surfaces in a spatially resolved manner. With OpTAG, we establish OpTAG-seq, which enables spatially resolved scRNA-seq. We apply OpTAG-seq to investigate the spatially defined transcriptional program in migrating cancer cells and identified a list of genes that are potential regulators for cancer cell migration and invasion. OpTAG-seq provides a convenient method for mapping cellular heterogeneity with spatial information within multicellular biological systems.Using panel data from a survey conducted by the Research Center for Rural Economy, this study overcomes the selection bias associated with most health status measures by incorporating dialect proximity as an instrumental variable to evaluate the causal effects of interprovincial migration on individuals' health status in China. The results indicate that, compared to an absorbed category, which includes intraprovincial migration and non-migration, interprovincial migration worsens health (measured by the self-reported health status score) by 3%. It is also found that, compared to intraprovincial migrants, interprovincial migrants are more likely to report a lower SHS score, whereas the health effect differences between interprovincial migrants and non-migrants are insignificant. The study identifies two potential mechanisms that explain this result (i) The increase in income following migration may improve interprovincial migrants' health, and (ii) the exposure to hazardous working environments worsens health to a significant extent. This finding is also linked to the following gender-related finding Compared to women, men are more likely to be employed in heavy industries with hazardous working environments; the negative effects of interprovincial migration on the health status are stronger for men than for women migrants, suggesting that the industry effect dominates.This paper evaluates the effect on mental health of consecutive terrorist attacks in France in 2015 and 2016. We compile information about the three main terrorist attacks that struck France over this period and assess whether the potential effect on mental health (i.e., depression) of a terrorist attack is smoothed once people consider terrorist attacks as "the new normality." We exploit data from the French Constances epidemiological survey and combine an event study strategy with a difference-in-difference approach to compare before-after changes in mental health the year of the attack with the same changes the year before. We show that the negative effect of a terrorist attack on mental health decreases over time from one attack to another, and disappears completely for the last attack. Socio-demographic composition of the sample, geographical or socio-demographic proximity to the victims or media exposure do not arise as factors responsible for this changing effect of terrorist attacks on mental health.
