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In sum, no single measure, nor intervention was consistently associated with performance over a range of domains. To inform future work, findings from the present review have been used to develop a framework of resilient performance, with the aim to promote theoretically informed work.

No studies have examined the brand context in which modified risk claims appear on tobacco products. This study examines how marketing products with modified risk claims affects risk perceptions, appeal, and intentions among own-brand, other brand, and novel brand cigarettes.

This experiment employed a 3 (claim risk modification [RM], exposure modification [EM], control) x 3 (brand own, other, novel) between-subjects design. A convenience sample (N = 1,557, Mage = 40.28, SDage = 19.01, 71.3% female, 80.3% White) of current or former Marlboro, Camel, or Newport users was collected. Participants were assigned to view their own brand, another brand, or a novel brand, with or without a claim, and rated perceived risk after switching to this product, product appeal, and use intentions.

Participants in the RM or EM conditions had lower risk perceptions (versus control). Claim did not affect appeal. Adult established cigarette users in the EM (but not RM) condition had higher intentions (versus control). Participants rated their own and another brand as more appealing than the novel brand. Interactions between brand and claim were not significant.

We found modified risk claims decreased risk perceptions but did not impact appeal. Whereas participants showed preference for their own brand in terms of appeal and intentions, brand did not moderate the impact of claims.

We found modified risk claims decreased risk perceptions but did not impact appeal. Whereas participants showed preference for their own brand in terms of appeal and intentions, brand did not moderate the impact of claims.Photoreceptors are light-sensitive proteins found in various organisms that respond to light and relay signals into the cells. Heliorhodopsin, a retinal-binding membrane protein, has been recently discovered, however its function remains unknown. Herein, we investigated the relationship between Actinobacteria bacterium IMCC26103 heliorhodopsin (AbHeR) and an adjacent glutamine synthetase (AbGS) in the same operon. We demonstrate that AbHeR binds to AbGS and regulates AbGS activity. More specifically, the dissociation constant (Kd) value of the binding between AbHeR and AbGS is 6.06 μM. Moreover, the absence of positively charged residues within the intracellular loop of AbHeR impacted Kd value as they serve as critical binding sites for AbGS. We also confirm that AbHeR up-regulates the biosynthetic enzyme activity of AbGS both in vitro and in vivo in the presence of light. GS is a key enzyme involved in nitrogen assimilation that catalyzes the conversion of glutamate and ammonia to glutamine. Hence, the interaction between AbHeR and AbGS may be critical for nitrogen assimilation in Actinobacteria bacterium IMCC26103 as it survives in low-nutrient environments. Overall, the findings of our study describe, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, a novel function of heliorhodopsin as a regulatory rhodopsin with the capacity to bind and regulate enzyme activity required for nitrogen assimilation.

This study aims to explore factors that affect venous sinus pressures and associated gradients while awake and under general anesthesia (GA) both before and after venous sinus stenting (VSS) in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH).

A retrospective analysis was performed examining pressures and gradients in patients with IIH having undergone awake venography followed by VSS under GA.

174 patients were included. Compared with awake, GA superior sagittal sinus (SSS) pressures were 2.6 mmHg lower (p=0.01) resulting in a total cranial gradient reduction of 2.5 mmHg (p=0.002). The transverse-sigmoid gradient, the most commonly stented segment, did not differ under the two conditions (p=0.30). Regression analyses demonstrated that body mass index, gender, blood pressure, and end-tidal carbon dioxide content significantly affected venous pressures (all p<0.05). After stenting, mean total cranial gradients decreased by 13.2 mmHg while skull base gradients increased by 0.8 mmHg. Stenting resulted in an 84% mean reduction in the target gradient and a mean decrease in SSS pressures by 78% of the target gradient. When cardiopulmonary and anesthetic factors were optimized, GA had a limited effect on the target gradient in most patients (p=0.88).

This study is the largest series to date to report on cerebral venous pressure measurements and gradients recorded while awake and under GA both before and after VSS for IIH. In a well-controlled cardiorespiratory and anesthetic setting, GA venography may provide information that is not substantially inequivalent to that obtained while awake.

This study is the largest series to date to report on cerebral venous pressure measurements and gradients recorded while awake and under GA both before and after VSS for IIH. In a well-controlled cardiorespiratory and anesthetic setting, GA venography may provide information that is not substantially inequivalent to that obtained while awake.

The optimal management of chronic total carotid artery occlusion (CTO) is still debated. Endovascular treatment is being increasingly used with heterogeneous technical and clinical results.

Patients with CTO treated with modern endovascular approaches during the past several years (January 2018-December 2021) were retrospectively reviewed.

Twenty patients, with a mean age of 63.7 years, were treated during the study period. Indications for treatment were recurrent stroke in 12 (60%), hemodynamic impairment in 4 (20%), and progressive stroke in 4 (20%) patients. In 6 (30%) patients, the occlusion was limited to the cervical portion, in 5 (25%) to the petrous segment, and in 9 (45%) to the cavernous segment. Technical treatment success was achieved in 80% of cases. In patients with successful recanalization, median pretreatment hypoperfusion volumes dropped from 126 mL (25-75 IQR, 33-224 mL) to 0 mL (25-75 IQR, 0-31.5 mL). Symptomatic procedure-related complications were 30% and permanent procedure-related morbidity-mortality was 5%. Early stent occlusion occurred in 5 (25%) cases. Two cases were asymptomatic and were not retreated, 3 cases presented transient symptoms of which two were successfully recanalized. Stent occlusion was not associated with permanent symptoms. In successfully recanalized patients no intraprocedural emboli were observed.

In the modern endovascular era, revascularization of CTO is a feasible procedure in most cases, and it may be offered in selected patients. However, the high re-occlusion rate is still a limitation of the technique, underlining the need for more research on the technical procedural and periprocedural management.

In the modern endovascular era, revascularization of CTO is a feasible procedure in most cases, and it may be offered in selected patients. However, the high re-occlusion rate is still a limitation of the technique, underlining the need for more research on the technical procedural and periprocedural management.

Pulsatile tinnitus (PT) can cause significant detriment to quality of life and may herald a life-threatening condition. Endovascular evaluation is the gold standard for the definitive diagnosis of PT and facilitates treatment. However, no large study has determined the distribution of causes and treatment outcomes of PT evaluated endovascularly.

Consecutive patients evaluated at a multidisciplinary PT clinic from a single academic center were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with a suspected cerebrovascular etiology of PT based on clinical and/or non-invasive imaging, who were evaluated by endovascular techniques (arteriography, venography, manometry, and/or balloon test occlusion), were included in analysis. Baseline clinical features and treatment results by final etiology of PT were compared.

Of 552 patients referred for PT evaluation, 164 patients (29.7%) who underwent endovascular evaluation of PT were included. Mean (±SD) age at first clinical evaluation was 54.3±14.1 years (range 25-89 years); 111 patients (67.7%) were female. PT causes were 75.6% vascular and 24.4% non-vascular. Arteriovenous shunting lesions caused 20.7% of cases, venous etiologies 48.2%, and arterial etiologies 6.7%. Of patients with a shunting lesion treated with endovascular embolization, 96.9% had lasting significant improvement or resolution in PT. Endovascular stenting for venous sinus stenosis gave 84.6% of patients lasting improvement or resolution in PT. Arterial and non-vascular PT had fewer patients treated endovascularly and less improvement in PT symptoms.

PT with a suspected vascular cause is most often attributable to venous etiologies. PT caused by arteriovenous shunting or venous sinus stenosis may be effectively treated endovascularly.

PT with a suspected vascular cause is most often attributable to venous etiologies. PT caused by arteriovenous shunting or venous sinus stenosis may be effectively treated endovascularly.Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) are now popular for a myriad of applications in animal and plant species including, ancestry assignment, conservation genetics, breeding, and traceability of animal products. The objective of this study was to develop a customized cost-effective SNP panel for genetic characterisation of Macrobrachium species in Cameroon. find more The SNPs identified in a previous characterization study were screened as viable candidates for the reduced panel. Starting from a full set of 1,814 SNPs, a total of 72 core SNPs were chosen using conventional approaches allele frequency differentials, minor allele frequency profiles, and Wright's Fst statistics. The discriminatory power of reduced set of informative SNPs were then tested using the admixture analysis, principal component analysis, and discriminant analysis of principal components. The panel of prioritised SNP markers (i.e., N = 72 SNPs) distinguished Macrobrachium species with 100% accuracy. However, large sample size is needed to identify more informative SNPs for discriminating genetically closely related species, including M. macrobrachion versus M. vollenhovenii and M. sollaudii versus M. dux. Overall, the findings in this study show that we can accurately characterise Macrobrachium using a small set of core SNPs which could be useful for this economically important species in Cameroon. Given the results obtained in this study, a larger independent validation sample set will be needed to confirm the discriminative capacity of this SNP panel for wider commercial and research applications.Border tourism plays an important and positive role in international economic and cultural cooperation, and the tourism cooperation relationship between China and North Korea has lasted for more than 30 years. China has become the country with the largest number of tourists to North Korea. However, because the relevant data of tourism to North Korea are not public, it also brings difficulties to the further study. This paper based on the Baidu Index of 31 provinces and regions in China and discusses the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of travel demands to North Korea. The findings from the research are as follows. First, the travel demands from 2011 to 2018 showed an overall trend of initial increase followed by later decrease. The seasonal difference is significant. The peak season is longer than the off-season. Secondly, on the whole, the travel demands to North Korea showed a spatial agglomeration effect, and the provinces with high demands or low demands gather significantly in space.