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67 (95%CI, 2.10-27.98), indicating the combination was 7.67 times more effective than surgery alone. The results suggest that the use of APCs is a promising therapeutic regimen, as it provided additional benefits to surgery in the treatment of MRONJ. To achieve the benefits, a tension-free primary closure of the soft tissue is recommended as well. Randomized studies with large sample sizes is warranted to confirm our finding.

To study the effect of total cranial reconstruction for sagittal synostosis (scaphocephaly) deformity in Chinese children.

A retrospective analysis was performed involving 23 children with isolated non-syndromic sagittal synostosis who were treated by total calvarial vault remodeling after 1 year of age from May 2015 to June 2019 in the Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. The authors reconstruct patients' pre- and post-operative cranial thin-section CT scan images and those of the control group. The cephalic index (traditional, normative), intracranial volume, horizontal point of maximum width (H-PMW), vertical point of maximum width (V-PMW), frontal to head height ratio and occipital to head height ratio data were analyzed using a paired t test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Twenty-three patients met the inclusion criteria, including 19 males and 4 females. The ratio of males to females was 4.71. All patients underwent total cranial reconstruction. The average xpand cranial volume, reduce cranial height, shorten fronto-occipital diameters and enlarge biparietal diameters.

Total calvarial reconstruction can effectively correct scaphocephaly in Chinese children, expand cranial volume, reduce cranial height, shorten fronto-occipital diameters and enlarge biparietal diameters.Zygomatic implants (ZIs) have been used successfully for the rehabilitation of jaws with severe atrophy for the past 2 decades. The development of computed tomography, three-dimensional (3D) analysis software, and stereolithographic models has positively impacted the development of preoperative planning. This article describes the protocol developed by the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of El Bosque University, Bogotá, Colombia, through 10 years of experience, for the installation of ZIs, covering from the times when the implants were placed through intraoperative guidance, until now, in which drilling guides developed by computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing are used, without neglecting in their design multiple factors that must be considered. To date, this protocol for the treatment of patients with atrophic jaws through ZIs includes a detailed clinical examination, in which variables such as bone and dental relationship between the jaws, oral opening and dynamic interaction between soft cervicofacial tissues are considered. It also includes a 3D computed tomography planning for the design and preparation of surgical guides whose insertion patterns must be executable during surgery. Together, clinical and imaging analysis converge in what it has been called morpho-functional 3D planning.Recent advances in endoscopic intranasal technology have allowed for a safe approach to the pterygopalatine fossa lesion. However, we consider that there is still scope of improvement to approach a broader area with better operability and minimal invasiveness. A 51-year-old man underwent endoscopic endonasal surgery due to the recurrence of chordoma at the left pterygopalatine fossa. To access the lower and lateral part of the pterygopalatine fossa, we performed endoscopic endonasal transmaxillary removal via an inferior turbinate incision. During surgery, a wide operative field and good operability could be secured by inserting an endoscope from the right nostril through a window of the nasal septum. Subtotal removal of the tumor was achieved without any complication during the surgery. Endoscopic endonasal transinfraturbinate approach with nasoseptal window was effective in the removal of the pterygopalatine fossa tumor because it is less invasive and provides a good surgical view with better operability.

The Craniofacial Collaboration UK (CC-UK) is a joint initiative that seeks to address some of the limitations of previous developmental research with this patient group by providing systematically collected, robust data from clinically and chronologically homogenous representative samples of children. The current paper outlines the developmental outcomes at the age of 5 for children who had previously undergone primary surgery for single-suture sagittal synostosis (SS). It shows broad consistencies with the previous CC-UK work, indicating that the majority of children with SS will perform within the average range compared to peers across a number of developmental, behavioral and emotional domains. However, the group mean for children with SS indicates significantly greater difficulties with fine motor skills and hyperactivity, relative to normative data. Unexpectedly, children with SS had significantly better problem solving skills. While it is reassuring that the majority of children are broadly developingacross a number of developmental, behavioral and emotional domains. However, the group mean for children with SS indicates significantly greater difficulties with fine motor skills and hyperactivity, relative to normative data. Unexpectedly, children with SS had significantly better problem solving skills. While it is reassuring that the majority of children are broadly developing in line with their unaffected peers, these small but significant differences may be early indicators of some of the subtle difficulties documented in older children with craniosynostosis. Longitudinal follow up is therefore important to understand the developmental trajectory for children with SS and identification of potentially 'at risk' sub groups within this diagnostic cohort.Surgical removal of frontobasal meningiomas (FBMs) can be achieved using different techniques, including endoscopic, transcranial, and combined approaches. The advantages and disadvantages of the outcomes of these approaches should be compared to provide the most convenient surgical treatment to the patient. This study aimed to compare 3 surgical approaches for FBMsin terms of outcomes and determine the superiority of each on the basis of anatomical, surgical, and clinical efficacy. Systematic review was performed to identify studies comparing techniques for the surgical removal of FBMs. Each group included 13 patients; 39 patients with FBMshad undergone surgery. These groups were endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA), microscopic bifrontal transcranial approach (MTA), and endoscopic plus microscopic combined supraorbital transciliary approach (STA) groups. Data on the demographics of patient population, pre- and post-operative neurological examination, tumor properties, imaging studies, and surgical complicatiauthors showed that none of the surgical approaches have obvious superiority over the others with regard to outcomes. Thus, the selection of the ideal surgical approach should be based on surgical experience and tumor characteristics.

Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are considered to be "vulnerable" to COVID-19 infection due to immunosuppression. To date, there are no studies that compared the disease severity of COVID-19 in SOT recipients with nontransplant patients.

In this case-control study, we compared the outcomes of COVID-19 between SOT recipients and their matched nontransplant controls. see more The cases were all adult SOT recipients (N = 41) from our academic health center who were diagnosed with COVID-19 between March 10, 2020 and May 15, 2020 using positive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for SARS-CoV2. The controls (N = 121) were matched on age (±5 y), race, and admission status (hospital or outpatient). The primary outcome was death and secondary outcomes were severe disease, intubation and renal replacement therapy (RRT).

Median age of SOT recipients (9 heart, 3 lung, 16 kidney, 8 liver, and 5 dual organ) was 60 y, 80% were male and 67% were Black. Severe disease adjusted risk of death was similar in bo. HCQ for the treatment of COVID-19 among SOT recipients was associated with high mortality and therefore, its role as a treatment modality requires further scrutiny.

Organ transplantation is life-saving and continued investigations into immunologic mechanisms that drive organ rejection are needed to improve immunosuppression therapies and prevent graft failure. DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit, DNA dependent-protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), is a critical component of both the cellular and humoral immune responses. In this study, we investigate the contribution of DNA-PKcs to allogeneic skin graft rejection to potentially highlight a novel strategy for inhibiting transplant rejection.

Fully MHC mismatched murine allogeneic skin graft studies were performed by transplanting skin from BalbC mice to C57bl6 mice and treating with either vehicle or the DNA-PKcs inhibitor NU7441. Graft rejection, cytokine production, immune cell infiltration, and donor-specific antibody formation were analyzed.

DNA-PKcs inhibition significantly reduced necrosis and extended graft survival compared with controls (mean survival 14 d versus 9 d, respectively). Inhibiof activated B cells and concomitant cytokine production.Survivors of childhood cancer and other immunocompromised children are at high risk for the development of secondary Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers. In this overview, the authors examine the epidemiology of vaccine efficacy, the natural history of HPV infections, and accelerated HPV-associated cancer development in these populations. The authors highlight the opportunities for preventive care and future research directives.

Hepatic steatosis is a major risk factor for graft failure due to increased susceptibility of fatty liver to ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) during transplantation. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) in fatty liver graft injury and to explore the underlying mechanism and therapeutic potential on attenuating hepatic IRI.

Intragraft CPT1A expression profile and the association with fatty graft injury were investigated in human and rat liver transplantation samples. The underlying mechanism and therapeutic potential of CPT1A activator against IRI were also explored in mouse hepatic ischemia-reperfusion plus major hepatectomy model and in in vitro.

CPT1A expression was significantly reduced (P = 0.0019; n = 96) in human fatty liver graft compared with normal one at early phase after transplantation. Low expression of CPT1A was significantly associated with high serum alanine aminotransferase (P = 0.0144) and aspartate aminotransferase (P = 0.0060) levels. The inhibited CPT1A and poor liver function were consistently observed in rat and mouse models with fatty livers. Furthermore, inhibition of CPT1A significantly promoted the translocation of chloride intracellular channel 1 to form chloride ion channel. The dysregulation of chloride ion channel activity subsequently triggered mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) pore opening, exacerbated cellular oxidative stress, and energy depletion. Importantly, our intravital confocal imaging showed that CPT1A activation attenuated hepatic injury through preventing MPT after reperfusion in fatty mice.

CPT1A inhibition triggered MPT contributed to severe IRI in fatty liver graft. CPT1A restoration may offer therapeutic potential on attenuating hepatic IRI.

CPT1A inhibition triggered MPT contributed to severe IRI in fatty liver graft. CPT1A restoration may offer therapeutic potential on attenuating hepatic IRI.