Kroghduran1589
Faster speed of intended vaccination was predicted by a similar constellation of variables with an additional predictor of a child in the family having a COVID-19 related health risk being associated with slower intended speed. Results are discussed concerning public health knowledge mobilisation and the unique Canadian health landscape.
To investigate the effect of action observation therapy (AOT) in the rehabilitation of neurologic and musculoskeletal conditions.
Searches were completed until July 2020 from the electronic databases Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (via OVID SP), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database.
Randomized controlled trials comparing AOT with standard care were assessed. Musculoskeletal (amputee, orthopedic) and neurologic (dementia, cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson disease, stroke) conditions were included. There were no age limitations. Articles had to be available in English.
Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts and full extracts of studies for eligibility and assessed the risk of bias of each study using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Data extraction included participant characteristics and intervention duration, frequency, and type.
The effect of AOT in different outcomment parameters because of the heterogeneity of the intervention. AOT has been considerably less explored in musculoskeletal conditions.
This review suggests that AOT is advantageous in the rehabilitation of certain conditions in improving ICF domains. No conclusions can be drawn regarding treatment parameters because of the heterogeneity of the intervention. AOT has been considerably less explored in musculoskeletal conditions.
To investigate types and intensity of pain experienced by individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) and common pain-relieving approaches used by caregivers.
The approach was cross-sectional, using standardized interviews.
Individuals with CP were recruited from a specialty health care hospital.
Eighty-six individuals (N=86; mean age, 17.2 years; male, 58%) with CP and complex communication needs participated.
Not applicable.
Pain type, mean pain intensity (MPI) (graded on a scale of 0=no pain to 10=worst possible pain), and mean pain relief (MPR) (graded on a scale of 0=intervention did not help at all to 10=intervention completely relieved pain) were assessed by caregiver report as part of the Dalhousie Pain Interview for each type of pain experienced in the previous 7 days.
Caregivers reported that 58 participants (67%) had experienced pain in the previous 7 days. MPI was 7.7±1.8 when the pain was worst in the previous 7 days. The 2 most common types of pain included musculoskeletal pain (n=70) and gastrointestinal pain (n=11). The most frequent treatment to relieve musculoskeletal pain was changing positions (n=27, MPI=5.1±2.3, MPR=6.6±2.1), medication (n=25, MPI=7.4±1.6, MPR=5.3±1.9), and massage (n=19, MPI=6.7±1.9, MPR=5.2±1.7). To treat gastrointestinal pain, medication was typically used (n=4, MPI=4.8±1.4, MPR=5.5±1.0), although no treatment was just as common (n=4, MPI=4.5±2.3).
The results indicate that musculoskeletal pain is prevalent in individuals with CP, and changing physical positions and providing medication are strategies most used by caregivers.
The results indicate that musculoskeletal pain is prevalent in individuals with CP, and changing physical positions and providing medication are strategies most used by caregivers.
To investigate whether nonsurgical treatment can reduce muscle contractures in individuals with neurologic disorders. The primary outcome measure was muscle contractures measured as joint mobility or passive stiffness.
Embase, MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database in June-July 2019 and again in July2020.
The search resulted in 8020 records, which were screened by 2 authors based on our patient, intervention, comparison, outcome criteria. We included controlled trials of nonsurgical interventions administered to treat muscle contractures in individuals with neurologic disorders.
Authors, participant characteristics, intervention details, and joint mobility/passive stiffness before and after intervention were extracted. We assessed trials for risk of bias using the Downs and Black checklist. We conducted meta-analyses investigating the short-term effect on joint mobility using a random-effects model with the pooled effect from randomized controlled tevidence supporting the use of any nonsurgical treatment option. We recommend that controlled trials using objective measures of muscle contractures and a sufficiently large number of participants be performed.
To use Rasch analysis to examine the measurement properties of the 23-item version of the Work Instability Scale (WIS-23) in a sample of worker compensation claimants with upper extremity disorders.
Secondary data analysis on the data retrieved from a cross-sectional study.
Tertiary care hospital.
Patients (N=392) attending a specialty clinic for workers with upper limb injuries at a tertiary hospital were prospectively enrolled.
Not applicable.
WIS-23.
The study sample contained 392 participants between the ages of 19 and 73 years (mean, 47.0±10.5y). There were 148 (37.8%) women, 182 (46.4%) men, and 62 (15.8%) participants for whom sex identification was unavailable. The initial WIS data analysis showed significant misfit from the Rasch model (item-trait interaction χ
=293.52;
<.0001). Item removal and splitting were performed to improve the model fit, resulting in a 20-item scale that metall assumptions (χ
=160.42;
=.008), including unidimensionality, local independence of items, and the absence of differential item function based on age, sex of respondents, employment type, and affected upper extremity area across all tested factors.
With the application of Rasch analysis, we refined the WIS-23 to produce a 20-item WIS for work-related upper extremity disorders (WIS-WREUD). The 20-item WIS-WREUD demonstrated excellent item and person fit, unidimensionality, acceptable person separation index, and local independency. The WIS-20 may provide better measurement properties, although longitudinal psychometric evaluations are needed.
With the application of Rasch analysis, we refined the WIS-23 to produce a 20-item WIS for work-related upper extremity disorders (WIS-WREUD). The 20-item WIS-WREUD demonstrated excellent item and person fit, unidimensionality, acceptable person separation index, and local independency. The WIS-20 may provide better measurement properties, although longitudinal psychometric evaluations are needed.
To determine the adequacy of the Brief Interview for Mental Status (BIMS) compared with other screening tools in identifying individuals with limitations in functional cognition and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL).
Cross-sectional observational study.
Midsized midwestern city.
We assessed a convenience sample of community dwelling individuals (N=197) aged 55 years and older who were living independently.
Participant scores on the BIMS, Mini-Cog, Menu Task, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were compared with the Performance Assessment of Self-Care Skills Checkbook Balancing and Shopping tasks (PCST), which are known to predict impairment in complex IADLs associated with a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment. Multiple logistic regression analyses controlling for participant demographics, as well as sensitivity and specificity, were computed for each screening measure using the PCST as the criterion measure.
The Mini-Cog, Menu Task, and MoCA identified 25.89%, 32.49%, and 47.21% more individuals, respectively, as impaired than the BIMS. In multiple logistical regression analyses, the BIMS correctly identified 58% of those impaired on the PCST. However, each of the alternate screening measures correctly identified at least 70% of individuals as impaired on the PCST.
In this community sample, the BIMS was insensitive to subtle impairments with the potential to compromise community living, suggesting that the BIMS may be inappropriate for use outside nursing home settings.
In this community sample, the BIMS was insensitive to subtle impairments with the potential to compromise community living, suggesting that the BIMS may be inappropriate for use outside nursing home settings.Spasticity causes an array of disabilities, which in turn may lead to the need for surgical intervention. Spasticity itself may also negatively affect surgical outcomes. This report reviews the potential benefit of perioperative (before, during, or after surgery) botulinum toxin (BoNT) injections for 3 patients with spasticity due to spinal cord injury, stroke, or multiple sclerosis. We discuss perioperative BoNT in 3 time periods preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively. The cases demonstrate the use of perioperative BoNT in decreasing pain, improving wound healing, and improving surgical outcomes. We conclude by discussing the potential use of perioperative BoNT for surgical interventions in patients with spasticity and the need for further high-quality research in this field.
To critically appraise the validity of tools used to measure maximum multijoint leg extension power in older individuals.
A systematic literature search was performed in 5 electronic databases PUBMED, EMBASE, CINAHL, SPORTDISCUS, and PEDRO from inception and without limits on the year of publication. Secondary searches included hand searching of the reference lists.
One author performed all the searches and identified relevant studies. A second author repeated the search to ensure that no articles were overlooked. Only studies that measured multijoint leg extension power were included. Those that used jump tests on force plates were excluded. Forty-five studies were identified that used 3 different tools. Three of these studies addressed the validity of the instruments and were included in the analyses performed by all the authors. Decisions made by consensus.
Critical analyses were based on the reference instrument used, reproducibility of methods, appropriateness of the statistical analysis, commercial availability of the tool, and potential conflicts of interests, including financial support. Decisions regarding the data analyses were made by consensus among all authors.
We identified 3 tools all of which simulated recumbent bicycles. Two of the 3 identified tools are not commercially available. BMS-777607 solubility dmso Each of the 3 included studies used correlational analysis to determine the validity of their tool, which does not describe the accuracy of the measured power in comparison to the reference standard.
We were unable to identify a validated tool that measured maximum multijoint leg extension power that was appropriate for older individuals. Future research should address this important gap.
We were unable to identify a validated tool that measured maximum multijoint leg extension power that was appropriate for older individuals. Future research should address this important gap.
To systematically review the existing evidence of spontaneous synchronization in human gait.
EBSCO, PubMed, Google Scholar, and PsycINFO were searched from inception to July 2020 using all possible combinations of (1) "spontaneous interpersonal synchronization" or "spontaneous interpersonal coordination" or "unintentional interpersonal synchronization" or "unintentional interpersonal coordination" and (2) "human movement" or "movement" or "walking" or "ambulation" or "gait."
Studies had to focus on spontaneous synchronization in human gait, be published in a peer-reviewed journal, present original data (no review articles were included), and be written in English. The search yielded 137 results, and the inclusion criteria were met by 16 studies.
Participant demographics, study purpose, setup, procedure, biomechanical measurement, coordination analytical technique, and findings were extracted. Our synthesis focused on the context in which this phenomenon has been studied, the role of sensory information in the emergence of spontaneous interpersonal synchronization in human gait, and the metrics used to quantify this behavior.
