Baldwinberger6816

The decrease of the thermal energy allows the recognition between C60molecules, which makes them to become equally oriented in the configuration at which the van der Waals intermolecular interactions are optimized. Bias dependent submolecular features obtained by means of high resolution STM images have been interpreted as the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (HOMO and LUMO). Besides, STS data evidenced that fullerenes are electronically decoupled from the substrate, with a negligible charge transfer effect if any. Finally, the very early stages of multilayer growth were also investigated.Various types of embolization devices have been developed for the treatment of cerebral aneurysms. However, it is challenging to properly evaluate device performance and train medical personnel for device deployment without the aid of functionally relevant models. Current in vitro aneurysm models suffer from a lack of key functional and morphological features of brain vasculature that limit their applicability for these purposes. These features include the physiologically relevant mechanical properties and the dynamic cellular environment of blood vessels subjected to constant fluid flow. Herein, we developed three dimensionally (3D) printed aneurysm-bearing vascularized tissue structures using gelatin-fibrin hydrogel of which the inner vessel walls were seeded with human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMECs). The hCMECs readily exhibited cellular attachment, spreading, and confluency all around the vessel walls, including the aneurysm walls. Additionally, the in vitro devices were directly amenable to flow measurements via particle image velocimetry, enabling the direct assessment of the vascular flow dynamics for comparison to a 3D computational hydrodynamics model. Detachable coils were delivered into the printed aneurysm sac through the vessel using a microcatheter and static blood plasma clotting was monitored inside the aneurysm sac and around the coils. This biomimetic aneurysm in vitro model is a promising method for examining the biocompatibility and hemostatic efficiency of embolization devices and for providing hemodynamic information which would aid in predicting aneurysm rupture or healing response after treatment.In this research, we have investigated the unintended graphene nucleation problem and its damaging effects on monolayer graphene synthesis in low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) process. This problem is the growth of graphene on the copper surface with no carbon feedstock. A new source of undesired carbon species was identified which has not been addressed so far. The hydrogen-rich heating stage was diagnosed as the onset of the unintended nucleation for the first time owing to the determinant catalytic role of hydrogen in this stage. It was found out that this problem leads to uncontrollable growth of multilayer graphene, growth of defective graphene film and also inhibition of the reliable synthesis of monolayer graphene. We managed to grow enhanced-quality monolayer graphene by developing some innovative solutions to the problem containing a general solution based on the hydrogen effects in the heating stage. The results reveal a significant decrease in the unintended nucleation density from ∼2000 to almost zero domains per 100 × 100 μm2 copper area. Furthermore, Raman, HRTEM and SAED analysis confirm the defect-free growth of monolayer graphene after employing the solutions. These findings could pave the way for the reliable synthesis of high-quality monolayer graphene as well as large-sized graphene domains.We report the synthesis, characterization, and electronic state of a novel mixed-valent metal-organic ladder (MOL) linked by pyrazine (pz). Single-crystal X-ray studies revealed that the MOL has a two-legged ladder-shaped framework, which is composed of a pz-connected Pt dimer with bridging Br ions. The electronic state of the MOL was investigated using X-ray and spectroscopic techniques; the MOL was found to have an electronic state that corresponds to the mixed-valence state of PtII and PtIV. Furthermore, the intervalence charge transfer energy of the MOL has lower than that expected from the tendency of a similar halogen-bridged mixed-valence MOL owing to its unique "zig-zag"-shaped legs. These results provide a new insight into the physical and electronic properties of MOL systems.Molecular dynamics simulations are performed on a model linear polymers to look at the violations of Stokes-Einstein (SE) and Stokes-Einstein-Debye (SED) relations near the mode coupling theory transition temperature $T_c$ at three (one higher and two lower) densities. At low temperatures, both lower density systems show stable gas-supercooled-liquid coexistence whereas the higher density system is homogeneous. We show that monomer density relaxation exhibits SE violation for all three densities, whereas molecular density relaxation shows a weak violation of the SE relation near $T_c$ in both lower density systems. This study identifies disparity in monomer mobility and observation of jumplike motion in the typical monomer trajectories resulting in the SE violations. In addition to the SE violation, a weak SED violation is observed in the gas-supercooled-liquid coexisting domains of the lower densities. Both lower density systems also show a decoupling of translational and rotational dynamics in this polymer system.The paper studies relative structural stability for various crystal phases of tin and lead from first principles with the full-potential all-electron FP-LMTO method to pressures of a few TPa both at zero temperature and at T>0. Using data from our calculations we construct phase diagrams for the two metals in the region of very high compressions and obtain their melting curves. For tin at pressures 1.5 kK there must exist the more energetically preferable bcc→fcc transition.Hybrid MRI-linac (MRL) systems enable daily multiparametric quantitative MRI to assess tumor response to radiotherapy. Magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) may provide time efficient means of rapid multiparametric quantitative MRI. The accuracy of MRF, however, relies on adequate control over system imperfections, such as eddy currents and [Formula see text], which are different and not as well established on MRL systems compared to diagnostic systems. In this study we investigate the technical feasibility of gradient spoiled 2D MRF on a 1.5T MRL. We show with phantom experiments that the MRL generates reliable MRF signals that are temporally stable during the day and have good agreement with spin-echo reference measurements. Subsequent in-vivo MRF scans in healthy volunteers and a patient with a colorectal liver metastasis showed good image quality, where the quantitative values of selected organs corresponded with the values reported in literature. Therefore we conclude that gradient spoiled 2D MRF is feasible on a 1.5T MRL with similar performance as on a diagnostic system. The precision and accuracy of the parametric maps are sufficient for further investigation of the clinical utility of MRF for online quantitatively MRI-guided radiotherapy.Morphogenesis, a complex process, ubiquitous in developmental biology and many pathologies, is based on self-patterning of cells. Spatial patterns of cells, organoids, or inorganic particles can be forced on demand using acoustic surface standing waves, such as the Faraday waves. This technology allows tuning of parameters (sound frequency, amplitude, chamber shape) under contactless, fast and mild culture conditions, for morphologically relevant tissue generation. We call this method Sound Induced Morphogenesis (SIM). In this work, we use SIM to achieve tight control over patterning of endothelial cells and mesenchymal stem cells densities within a hydrogel, with the endpoint formation of vascular structures. Here, we first parameterize our system to produce enhanced cell density gradients. Second, we allow for vasculogenesis after SIM patterning control and compare our controlled technology against state-of-the-art microfluidic culture systems, the latter characteristic of pure self-organized patterning and uniform initial density. Our sound-induced cell density patterning and subsequent vasculogenesis requires less cells than the microfluidic chamber. We advocate for the use of SIM for rapid, mild, and reproducible morphogenesis induction and further explorations in the regenerative medicine and cell therapy fields.

This study aims to investigate alterations of brain connectivity using multivariate electroencephalographic data to provide new insights of the brain connectivity dynamics of dystonia.

We recorded electroencephalography (EEG) of patients with right upper limb idiopathic focal dystonia and paired controls during resting state, writing-from-memory, and finger-tapping tasks. We applied power spectrum analyses considering the mu, beta and gamma rhythms of the motor cortex and analyzed brain connectivity networks and microstates (MS).

The power spectra results showed that patients had a loss of desynchronization of the beta rhythm during the writing task. selleckchem We observed differences in the structure of the connective core in beta rhythm, as well as, in the intensity of the patient's hubs observed with basis in path length measures in mu and beta rhythms. Abnormalities were also identified in MS of default mode networks of patients associated with its performances during motor tasks.

The EEG connectivity analyses provided interesting insights about the cortical electrophysiological patterns in dystonia, such as loss of event-related desynchronization, changes in the effective connectivity with similar signature to other neurological diseases, indications of alterations in the default-mode-network. Our findings are consistent with previously described connectivity abnormalities in neuroimaging studies confirming that dystonia is a network disorder.

The EEG connectivity analyses provided interesting insights about the cortical electrophysiological patterns in dystonia, such as loss of event-related desynchronization, changes in the effective connectivity with similar signature to other neurological diseases, indications of alterations in the default-mode-network. Our findings are consistent with previously described connectivity abnormalities in neuroimaging studies confirming that dystonia is a network disorder.We propose trench-directed self-assembly (TDSA) of a block copolymer (BCP) driven by a capillary force-induced meniscus as a facile scalable nanolithography method. Unlike conventional directed self-assembly methods, TDSA enables the achievement of neutral surface-free vertical orientations of the BCP nanopatterns irrespective of the polarizability of the substrate, which may be, for example, a ceramic (SiO2) on Semiconductor (Si). In our demonstration of the proposed method, we generated various morphologies of the BCP nanopatterns by varying the trench width, and molecular weight of the BCP. The proposed TDSA method is potentially advantageous for the design of a process/device layout required for the development of an effective manufacturing process.We have performed soft x-ray spectroscopy in order to study the photoirradiation time dependence of the valence band structure and chemical states of layered transition metal nitride chloride TiNCl. Under the soft x-ray irradiation, the intensities of the states near the Fermi level (EF) and the Ti3+component were increased, while the Cl 2pintensity was decreased. Ti 2p-3dresonance photoemission spectroscopy confirmed a distinctive Fermi edge with Ti 3dcharacter. These results indicate the photo-induced metallization originates from deintercalation due to Cl desorption, and thus provide a new carrier doping method that controls the conducting properties of TiNCl.