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Respiratory involvement was intimately associated with poorer prognosis in patients with relapsing polychondritis (RP). We previously reported that high serum matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3) was frequently observed in patients with RP with respiratory involvement. Elevated MMP3 secreted through local inflammation may be associated with the development of airway lesions.
We collected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and sera from 30 patients with RP and 14 healthy individuals. Interleukin (IL) 1β, IL6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions were analyzed in freshly isolated and cultured PBMCs with phytohemagglutinin and phorbol myristate acetate stimulation by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and serum MMP3 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
We confirmed our previous finding that patients with respiratory involvements showed higher serum MMP3 compared with patients lacking respiratory involvement. IL1β mRNA expression was signifimmation via the secretion of MMP3 in patients with RP. Involvement of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL1β, was suggested for the pathophysiology of airway lesions in patients with RP.Yellow to red colored betalains are a chemotaxonomic feature of Caryophyllales, while in most other plant taxa, anthocyanins are responsible for these colors. The carnivorous plant family Nepenthaceae belongs to Caryophyllales; here, red-pigmented tissues seem to attract insect prey. Strikingly, the chemical nature of red color in Nepenthes has never been elucidated. Although belonging to Caryophyllales, in Nepenthes, some molecular evidence supports the presence of anthocyanins rather than betalains. However, there was previously no direct chemical proof of this. Using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-high-resolution mass spectrometry, we identified cyanidin glycosides in Nepenthes species and tissues. Further, we reveal the existence of a complete set of constitutively expressed anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in Nepenthes. Thus, here we finally conclude the long-term open question regarding red pigmentation in Nepenthaceae.
To evaluate the respiratory functions of children with nephrotic syndrome (NS) by impulse oscillometry (IOS) and its correlation with spirometry.
Fifty-five NS patients aged 3-18 years were included as the study group and 40 healthy children of the same age formed the control group. Patients were divided into nephrotic phase (first attack and relapse) and remission. Demographic, anthropometric, and laboratory data of the children were recorded. Respiratory functions were evaluated by IOS and spirometry. Children over 6-years old performed both IOS and spirometry while children under 6 years performed only IOS.
The R (R5%, R10%, R5-20), AX and Z5% values of IOS in patients with nephrotic phase were higher than remission patients and control group while spirometry indices of PEF% and MEF25-75% were lower. Z scores of MEF25-75 were significantly negatively correlated with z scores of R5, R10, Z5, and Fres while they were significantly positively correlated with z scores of X values (5, 10, 15, and 20 Hz). Z scores of forced expiratory volume in 1 /forced vital capacity significantly negatively correlated with z scores of R values (R5, R10), Z5 and AX and positively correlated with z scores of X values (X5, X10, X15 Hz).
Our study demonstrated that respiratory functions measured by IOS and spirometry were affected at the time of nephrotic phase in NS patients. IOS, a novel method easily applicable even in small children, is a potentially valuable tool to detect this condition; given its good correlation with spirometry.
Our study demonstrated that respiratory functions measured by IOS and spirometry were affected at the time of nephrotic phase in NS patients. IOS, a novel method easily applicable even in small children, is a potentially valuable tool to detect this condition; given its good correlation with spirometry.
There have been no detailed reports on tracheal puncture after thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA). This study aimed to discuss the cytological differential diagnoses of tracheal puncture after thyroid FNA and clarify its clinical significance.
Tracheal puncture was defined as aspiration of tracheal components, including ciliated cells, chondrocytes, and goblet cells. ABT-199 A history of air suction or cough during aspiration was also considered tracheal puncture. Among the 18,480 nodules from 13,813 patients that underwent thyroid FNA, 70 (0.38%) nodules with tracheal puncture were retrospectively examined. Eleven thyroglossal duct cysts (TGDCs) and seven bronchial cysts that could exhibit ciliated cells were included in the study to compare the cytological findings.
Sixty-six (94.3%) nodules had no clinical evidence of complications during and after FNA. Of the nodules with tracheal puncture, 64.3%, 48.6%, and 51.4% nodules were <1.0cm in size, located in the isthmus, and associated with calcification. Cytological examination showed that chondrocytes and ciliated cells were present in 94.3% and 32.9% nodules, respectively. Ciliated cells seen in nodules with tracheal puncture and TGDCs were non-degenerative, whereas those in bronchial cysts were degenerative.
Tracheal puncture after thyroid FNA is rarely noticed clinically, does not cause serious conditions, and spontaneously resolves. This complication more likely occurs in small-calcified nodules in the isthmus. Chondrocytes are more reliable diagnostic clues than ciliated cells to indicate tracheal puncture cytologically.
Tracheal puncture after thyroid FNA is rarely noticed clinically, does not cause serious conditions, and spontaneously resolves. This complication more likely occurs in small-calcified nodules in the isthmus. Chondrocytes are more reliable diagnostic clues than ciliated cells to indicate tracheal puncture cytologically.Fire has long been a part of the Australian environment and remains a potent force in shaping the adaptations of species, the dynamics of populations, and the structure of ecological communities. However, the fire regime is changing. Fire seasons are longer, wet vegetation types that do not usually burn are now at risk, and fire intensity and severity are greater than in the recent past. A particularly widespread event occurred in the forest and woodland regions of Australia over the summer of 2019-2020. Termed the "Black Summer" bushfires, remotely sensed data indicate that over 30 million hectares of vegetation were burned, including an unprecedented large area of forest. The extraordinary geographical scale of the Black Summer fires, including the intensity and speed of fire spread, has led to widespread concern about the ecological damage that occurred. Recent estimates suggest that almost three billion vertebrates and up to 240 trillion invertebrates were affected by the fires. Fires were experienced in part of the geographical ranges of 832 vertebrate species and 37 threatened ecological communities, with some of these entities feared to be at risk of extinction. Field assessments of ecological recovery have been slowed by COVID-19 restrictions and by a diminution in ecological monitoring capacity that occurred before the last fire season. This paper assesses the dire ecological consequences of the Black Summer bushfires and proposes a series of steps to help achieve recovery of biodiversity and mitigate the effects of future mega-fires. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;001-6. © 2021 SETAC.This study aimed to investigate how atherosclerosis affects the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) system in coronary arteries. Rabbits were fed a normal diet for 12 weeks (N group) or a diet containing high cholesterol (1%) for 4 weeks (S-HC group) and 12 weeks (L-HC group). Cholesterol deposition in the intima of coronary arteries was observed in the S-HC group, but the formation of an atherosclerotic plaque was not observed. In contrast, a major plaque developed in the L-HC group. The relaxant response of isolated coronary arteries to sodium nitroprusside (SNP, nitric oxide donor) was not different between the N and S-HC groups, whereas the response in the L-HC group was markedly attenuated. The relaxation induced by BAY 60-2770 (sGC activator) tended to be augmented in the S-HC group, but it was significantly impaired in the L-HC group compared to that in the N group. sGC β1 immunostaining was equally detected in the medial layer of the arteries among the N, S-HC, and L-HC groups. In addition, a strong staining was observed in the plaque region of the L-HC group. cGMP levels in the arteries stimulated with SNP were identical in the N and S-HC groups and slightly lower in the L-HC group than the other groups. BAY 60-2770-stimulated cGMP formation tended to be increased in the S-HC and L-HC groups. These findings suggest that the sGC system was not normal in atherosclerotic coronary arteries. The redox state of sGC and the distribution pattern are likely to change with the progression of atherosclerosis.Thyroid tumors with abundant adipose tissue component are rare, reportedly accounting for 0.98-2.8% of all thyroid nodules, and include entities such as thyroid lipoadenoma and thyroid carcinoma with lipomatous stroma (TCLS). They may be encountered on fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), which is widely used in evaluation of thyroid nodules. However, due to their relative rarity, adipose elements rarely are recognized preoperatively in these tumors. Herein, we report two cases of thyroid tumors with abundant adipose tissue, along with cytologic, histologic, and ultrasonographic features. Although an intermixture of adipose tissue and thyroid follicular cells is the key cytologic feature of thyroid tumors with adipose stroma, other cytologic findings, such as abundant fat droplets or isolated fragments of adipose tissue, also should raise the possibility of a fat-containing tumor, particularly when a biopsy is performed by a cytopathologist under ultrasonographic guidance and adequate radiologic-pathologic correlation. Cytopathologists should be aware that overlooking lesional adipose tissue within a thyroid neoplasm might give the false impression of a non-diagnostic or sparsely cellular FNAB specimen.The macrophages take significant roles in homeostasis, phagocytosis of pathogenic organisms, and modulation of host defense and inflammatory processes. In this study, the enantiomeric poly-D-lysine (PDL) and poly-L-lysine (PLL) were conjugated to gold nanorods (AuNRs) to study their influence on the polarization of macrophages. The AuNRs capped with cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) (AuNRs@CTAB) exhibited larger toxicity to macrophages when their concentration was higher than 50 μg/ml, whereas the AuNRs@PDL and AuNRs@PLL showed neglectable toxicity at the same concentration compared with the control. The AuNRs@PDL and AuNRs@PLL were internalized into the macrophages with a higher value than the AuNRs@CTAB as revealed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) characterization. Unlike the grafted PDL/PLL on flat substrates, the AuNRs@PDL and AuNRs@PLL were not able to polarize M0 macrophages to any other phenotype after internalization as confirmed by ELISA, flow cytometry, and fluorescence microscopy analysis.
