Bentoncorneliussen8677
Furthermore, cCATH-2 had an obvious effect on the production of the majority of the virulence factors of PAO1 biofilms, and the effect was better than that of ciprofloxacin, especially on alginate (the structural component of biofilms). These findings suggested that cCATH-2 is a putative candidate for the development of anti-biofilm and anti-infective drugs.Two opposite phenomena have been found in territorial animals, the "dear enemy and the "nasty neighbour, which refer to individuals that show less aggression toward neighbours than toward strangers and vice versa. However, the need to maintain territory should differ for males and females because sexual reproduction is the result of the different adaptive strategies of the sexes. In this study, we explore territorial behaviour in the context of dear-enemy and nasty neighbour effects in the Mexican volcano mouse (Neotomodon alstoni). Patterns of spatial relationships between individuals and the degrees of agonistic behaviour among neighbours were analysed for a period of one year. Results exhibit a greater spatial proximity between male pairs during the non-reproductive period than during the reproductive period, and greater spatial proximity between pairs of females during the reproductive period than during the non-reproductive period. The analysis of agonistic behaviour showed that there is less tolerance for distant neighbours than for nearest neighbours. However, there is a greater frequency of aggression between male pairs than between females, while females appear to exhibit non-aggressive avoidance among individuals. The results support the theory that Mexican volcano mouse exhibits the "dear enemy phenomenon".
Submersion time is a strong predictor for death in drowning, already 10 min after submersion, survival is poor. Traditional search efforts are time-consuming and demand a large number of rescuers and resources. We aim to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of using drones combined with an online machine learning (ML) model for automated recognition of simulated drowning victims.
This feasibility study used photos taken by a drone hovering at 40 m altitude over an estimated 3000 m
surf area with individuals simulating drowning. Photos from 2 ocean beaches in the south of Sweden were used to (a) train an online ML model (b) test the model for recognition of a drowning victim.
The model was tested for recognition on n = 100 photos with one victim and n = 100 photos with no victims. In drone photos containing one victim (n = 100) the ML model sensitivity for drowning victim recognition was 91% (95%CI 84.9%-96.2%) with a median probability score that the finding was human of 66% (IQR 52-71). In photos with no victim (n = 100) the ML model specificity was 90% (95%CI 83.9%-95.6%). False positives were present in 17.5% of all n = 200 photos but could all be ruled out manually as false objects.
The use of a drone and a ML model was feasible and showed satisfying effectiveness in identifying a submerged static human simulating drowning in open water and favorable environmental conditions. The ML algorithm and methodology should be further optimized, again tested and validated in a real-life clinical study.
The use of a drone and a ML model was feasible and showed satisfying effectiveness in identifying a submerged static human simulating drowning in open water and favorable environmental conditions. The ML algorithm and methodology should be further optimized, again tested and validated in a real-life clinical study.
We assessed the ability of the Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) and the Cardiac Arrest Hospital Prognosis (CAHP) scores to predict neurological outcome following in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA).
Retrospective review of a seven-year French multicentric database including ten intensive care units. Primary endpoint was the outcome at hospital discharge using the Cerebral Performance Category score (CPC) in all IHCA patients. OHCA and CAHP scores, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score and the simplified acute physiological score 2 (SAPS-2) were compared using area under ROC curves (AUROC) and Delong tests.
Among 381 included patients, 125 (33%) were discharged alive with favourable outcome (CPC 1-2). Among 256 patients (77%) with unfavourable outcome (CPC 3-5), 10 were discharged alive with CPC 3 (4%), 130 died from withdrawal of life sustaining therapies because of severe neurological impairment (51%), 107 died from multiorgan failure (42%) and 9 died after discharge from complications and comorbidities (3%). OHCA and CAHP scores were independently associated with unfavourable outcome. The AUROCs to predict unfavourable outcome for OHCA, CAHP, SAPS-2 and SOFA scores were 0.76 [0.70-0.80], 0.74 [0.69-0.79], 0.72 [0.67-0.77], and 0.69 [0.64-0.74] respectively, with a significant difference observed only between OHCA and SOFA scores AUROCs (p = 0.04).
In parallel with CAHP score, OHCA score could be used to early predict outcome at hospital discharge after IHCA. However, prediction accuracy for all scores remains modest, suggesting the use of other dedicated means to early predict IHCA patients' outcome.
In parallel with CAHP score, OHCA score could be used to early predict outcome at hospital discharge after IHCA. However, prediction accuracy for all scores remains modest, suggesting the use of other dedicated means to early predict IHCA patients' outcome.
The environmental endocrine disruptors, bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS) are associated with the development of type 2 diabetes. We aim to study the effects of BPA or BPS exposure on adipokine expression in human adipose tissue and on adipocyte glucose uptake.
Human subcutaneous adipose tissue was treated for 24 or 72 h with environmentally-relevant and supraphysiological concentrations of BPA or BPS (1-10
nM). Following exposure, gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines, adipokines, and estrogen receptors was measured in adipose tissue. Glucose uptake and the insulin signalling pathway were analyzed in isolated adipocytes following adipose tissue culture with BPA for 24 h.
Adipose tissue treated with BPA for 24 h had reduced expression of the proinflammatory genes (IL6, IL1B, TNFA) and adipokines (ADIPOQ, FABP4). BPA and BPS had no effect on the expression of other proinflammatory genes (IL33), adipokines (LEP), or receptors (ESR1, ESR2) after 72-h exposure. Adipose tissue treated with environmentally-relevant concentrations of BPA for 24 h had reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, without altered gene and protein levels of key insulin signalling pathway markers.
We found that human adipose tissue treated with environmentally-relevant concentrations of BPA for 24 h, but not BPS, reduced expression of proinflammatory genes and adipokines. Furthermore, BPA reduced glucose uptake in adipocytes independently of insulin signalling. Such mechanisms can contribute to the development of insulin resistance associated with BPA exposure.
We found that human adipose tissue treated with environmentally-relevant concentrations of BPA for 24 h, but not BPS, reduced expression of proinflammatory genes and adipokines. Furthermore, BPA reduced glucose uptake in adipocytes independently of insulin signalling. Such mechanisms can contribute to the development of insulin resistance associated with BPA exposure.Human exposure to carbon nanotubes (CNT) has been associated with the development of pulmonary sarcoid-like granulomatous disease. Our previous studies demonstrated that multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) induced chronic pulmonary granulomatous inflammation in mice. Granuloma formation was accompanied by decreased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and disrupted intracellular lipid homeostasis in alveolar macrophages. Others have shown that PPARγ activation increases mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) to reduce free fatty acid accumulation. Hence, we hypothesized that the disrupted lipid metabolism suppresses mitochondrial FAO. To test our hypothesis, C57BL/6 J mice were instilled by an oropharyngeal route with 100 μg MWCNT freshly suspended in 35 % Infasurf. Control sham mice received vehicle alone. Sixty days following instillation, mitochondrial FAO was measured in permeabilized bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells. BAY 85-3934 modulator MWCNT instillation reduced the mitochondrial oxygen consumptioWCNT-instilled mice. In conclusion, alveolar macrophages of MWCNT-instilled mice had increased miR-27b expression, which may reduce the expression of PPARγ resulting in attenuation of FAO. This reduction in FAO may lead to activation of M1 macrophages. The upregulation of miR-27b may also induce apoptosis, which in turn can cause M2 activation of alveolar macrophages. These observations indicate a possible role of miR-27b in impaired mitochondrial function in the chronic activation of alveolar macrophages by MWCNT and the development of chronic pulmonary granulomatous inflammation.Ginkgolide B (GB), a main constituent of Ginkgo biloba extracts, reduces hepatic lipid accumulation and ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in obese mice, but the potential mechanism is unclear. Here we investigated the attenuated effects of GB on the disorder of lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and iron deposition in NAFLD and its potential mechanism associated with ferroptosis. Our preliminary research focused on high fat diet (HFD)-induced ApoE-/-mice gavaged with GB (20 and 30 mg kg-1•d-1, approximately equal to the human dose of 2 and 3 mg kg-1•d-1, respectively) and palmitic acid and oleic acid (PA/OA)-induced HepG2 cells treated with GB (4, 8, 16 μg/mL), respectively. Hepatic injury was assessed via biochemical, histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluations. In order to examine the mechanism of GB on ferroptosis-regulated pathway, we analyzed the expression levels of ferroptosis-related proteins, including nuclear factor erythroid 2 (Nrf2), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), transferrin receptor-1 (TFR1) and ferritin heavy chain-1 (FTH1) in vivo and vitro experiments by Western blotting. In order to further verify the correlation pathway of ferroptosis, after Nrf2 short hairpin RNA interference, we analyzed the effects of GB on Nrf2 pathway. Both HFD-fed mice and PA/OA-induced HepG2 cells displayed ferroptosis-based panel of biomarkers such as iron overload with the up-regulation of TFR1 and the down-regulation of FTH1, lipid peroxidation and inhibition of Nrf2 activity, which further induced GPX4 and HO-1 levels. Remarkably, after Nrf2 interference, GB treatment significantly increased Nrf2 expression, indicating that GB exerted anti-ferroptosis effects by activation of Nrf2 pathway. Our results are preliminarily illustrated that GB treatment has a specific effect on lipid accumulation and oxidative stress caused ferroptosis in NAFLD, possibly through Nrf2 signaling pathway.
Artifacts caused by respiratory motion or ventilation-induced chest movements are a major problem for thoracic MRI, as they can obscure important anatomical structures such as lymph node metastases. We compared image quality of routine breathhold with intermittent apnea during controlled mechanical ventilation of patients under general anesthesia as the ideal situation without respiratory motion in the detection and characterization of regional lymph nodes in esophageal cancer.
In this prospective study, 10 patients treated for esophageal cancer underwent ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) enhanced MRI scans. Before neoadjuvant therapy, MRI scans were acquired with a routine breathhold technique. After neoadjuvant therapy, patients were scanned under general anesthesia immediately prior to surgery with controlled mechanical ventilation. The image quality was compared using a Likert scale questionnaire based on visibility of anatomical structures and image artifacts.
MRI with controlled mechanical ventilation and prolonged controlled apnea of 4min was safe and feasible.
