Justesenalstrup9427

Conversely, minority race/ethnicity and rural population were associated with lower opioid dispensing.

County-level sociodemographics can differ in their association with opioid dispensing, hence examining which county-level factors help in improving opioid prescribing, and implementing overdose prevention strategies that tackle these factors is important.

County-level sociodemographics can differ in their association with opioid dispensing, hence examining which county-level factors help in improving opioid prescribing, and implementing overdose prevention strategies that tackle these factors is important.[This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.pmedr.2017.06.009.].Recreational activities may promote and maintain health and well-being, but empirical evidence is limited. The aim of this study was to explore socioeconomic variations in participation in recreational activities in the local community and to examine associations with health and well-being in the general population. Participants ≥ 16 years from the Danish Capital Region Health Survey, conducted in 2017 (N = 55,185, response rate 52.6%) were included. Participation in community-based recreational activities, self-rated health, quality of life, and health status was assessed by questionnaire. Socioeconomic variables (educational level, occupational and marital status) were obtained from national registers. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine associations. Less than half of the population participated in community-based recreational activities. Individuals with a higher educational level were 55% more likely to participate in recreational activities compared to those with a lower educational level (OR = 1.55, CI1.45-1.66). Individuals with a low educational level who participated in recreational activities, were more likely to have an excellent/good quality of life (OR = 2.03 (95% CI1.86-2.21)) and an excellent/very good self-rated health (OR = 1.61 (95% CI1.51-1.71)), than those who did not participate in recreational activities. Regardless of educational level, recreational activity participation was associated with better self-rated health and quality of life. Thus, to counter-balance social inequality in health, a focus on participation in recreational activities is important when planning community public health interventions.Population-level telephone coaching services provide accessible behaviour change support for modifiable health risk behaviours. The NSW Get Healthy Information and Coaching Service® (GHS) is a free telephone-based coaching service in Australia, supporting improvements in healthy eating, physical activity and achieving or maintaining a healthy weight. This study compared measures of participation (such as program completion) and outcomes achieved immediate post-program (including changes in fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity and weight) for GHS participants with and without a self-identified mental health condition (MHC). Secondary data analysis was conducted on service data collected at program intake and completion for individuals who enrolled in a coaching program between January 2018 and October 2019 (n = 5,629); 33% identified as having had an MHC. While those with and without an MHC had similar rates of completion, those with an MHC were less likely to complete a coaching program (31% vs 36%, p = .003). Participants with an MHC made significant positive changes to their fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity (walking and moderate), weight and BMI, but not to waist circumference or vigorous physical activity. When comparing the magnitude of change for those with and without an MHC, individuals without made greater improvements to their weight (adjusted mean difference -0.623 kg, p = .034) and daily vegetable intake (adjusted mean difference -0.199 serves; p = .01). There were no differences for other variables. The GHS is an effective means of supporting behaviour change for people with an MHC who complete a coaching program. Further research should consider means of improving retention rates.The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has developed a regulatory process by which tobacco companies can apply to make "modified risk tobacco product" (MRTP) marketing claims that their product poses a lower risk of disease or exposure to harmful constituents. The impact of MRTP claims to promote harm reduction may be limited by perceptions that claims come from the tobacco industry, lack of attention, and the simultaneous presence of health warnings on ads, which may be perceived as conflicting information. Some studies have examined the potential of alternative "modified risk warnings". We aimed to contribute to this literature by exploring issues of claim attention, perceived source and credibility when viewing MRTP claims within or outside of a warning label. We conducted 11 focus groups with adult smokers and young adult (ages 18-25) non-smokers (n = 54) who viewed three e-cigarette or snus advertisements which varied in where an MRTP message was placed outside the warning label, inside the warning label, or in a modified label style. Results suggest that MRTP claims presented within or in the style of a warning label (compared to claims outside the label), may be perceived as coming from a government or health-related source rather than a tobacco industry, and thus seem more credible. Yet these formats may receive insufficient message attention, as they are smaller and appear as part of labels consumers are accustomed to ignoring. Future research should further probe effects of MRTP statements and how they vary by message source, channel and format.Since approximately 40% of the global workforce are women, a comprehensive understanding of association of maternal employment with child dietary patterns, physical activity and sedentary behaviour needs more focus. This systematic review aims to identify the association between maternal employment and dietary patterns (DP), physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) of children and adolescents (6 to 18 years). Searches were performed using electronic databases and manual searches. Peer reviewed journal articles, conference papers, theses at masters/doctoral levels in English were included. A total 42 studies met selection criteria, which indicated associations between maternal employment and at least one of the domains of interest DP, PA and/or SB. Using individual samples of analysis, it was found that, 9 samples of DP, 11 samples of PA and 12 samples of SB were positively correlated with maternal employment, whereas 25 samples of DP, 5 samples of PA and 5 samples of SB showed an opposite association. Results suggest that PA and SB were positively related with maternal employment, whereas DP had an inverse relationship. Findings from this review provide evidence that children of employed mothers had poorer DP and greater prevalence of SB, however, their children are more physically active. Future interventions need to create a positive environment at the workplace and for families to support employed mothers and improve children's dietary patterns and decrease sedentary behaviours. read more Future studies should prioritise the domains of DP, PA and SB that have been studied inadequately and have inconsistent results.This provider and participant blinded parallel-group randomized controlled trial aimed to investigate if initial support given to new members via telephone and e-mail, compared to self-directed use, had an effect on booking with a fitness trainer, number of visits to the center, and membership duration. Participants included 356 new members, 174 randomized to the intervention group, and 182 to the control group. The intervention group received support to use the fitness center facilities through two phone calls and one e-mail over the first eight weeks of their membership. The control group got usual practice, which is self-directed use. Participants in the intervention group were more likely to book at least one session with a fitness trainer during the first six months (odds ratio 1.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0-2.5). However, the intervention did not influence the number of visits (mean difference after four years -11.7 days, 95% CI -34.8 to 11.3) or time to membership termination during the follow-up period (hazard ratio 1.1, 95% CI 0.8-1.3). In conclusion, initial support to use the fitness center facilities given to new fitness center members via telephone and e-mail increased the proportion of bookings with a fitness trainer during the first months of the membership, but it did not have an effect on the number of visits or membership termination during four years.Federal funding for firearm-related research in the health sciences has incurred Congressional restrictions and executive actions. Little is known about the funding landscape for published scholarship in this field. This study's aim was to characterize the number and sources of funding, including federal and non-federal sources, for firearm-related research articles published in health sciences journals. We performed a scoping review of original, empirical, peer-reviewed articles related to firearms published in health science journals and indexed in PubMed between January 2000 and December 2019, using the PRISMA extension for Scoping Review checklist. Four reviewers independently screened each article twice for inclusion. Included articles were reviewed again to identify funding sources. Articles were characterized as having explicitly declared funding, explicitly declared no funding, or no explicit funding declaration. Among articles with funding, we examined proportions by funding source. 812 articles met the inclusion criteria. 119 (14.7%) of the articles declared not having received any funding, and 240 (29.6%) had no funding declaration. 453 (55.8%) of the articles declared at least one source of funding. Of those, 221 (48.8%) reported at least one federal grant, and 232 (51.2%) reported at least one philanthropic grant. The number of published articles increased by 328.6% between 2000 and 2019. While the volume increased during the study period, the proportion of articles with funding was lower in 2019 (55.6%) than it was in 2000 (87.5%; proportion difference 31.9%; 95% CI 16.7%-47.2%). This study highlights the continued funding limitations in this field despite a growing volume of research.Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is highly prevalent on a global scale with concussion being the most common of all TBIs. Concussion research on rehabilitation and symptom resolution is well-established, particularly among athletes, but less is known about the recovery of active duty service members (ADSMs). In a population whose occupational environment increases risk for such injury, it is imperative that treatment is optimized to achieve successful rehabilitation. The military setting, however, has challenges that must be accounted for when developing proposals to study the benefits of new interventions or treatment. This review will provide a discussion on those challenges to better understand the considerations that are essential during the developmental phase of concussion studies within the military setting. This review aims to provide investigators novice to the military setting an overview of considerations when researching concussion among ADSMs.