Thomassenodgaard2852

Stem cell transplantation is a candidate method for the treatment of Leydig cell dysfunction-related diseases. However, there are still many problems that limit its clinical application. Here, we report the establishment of CXCR4-SF1 bifunctional adipose-derived stem cells (CXCR4-SF1-ADSCs) and their reparative effect on Leydig cell dysfunction. CD29+ CD44+ CD34- CD45- ADSCs were isolated from adipose tissue and purified by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Infection with lentiviruses carrying the CXCR4 and SF1 genes was applied to construct CXCR4-SF1-ADSCs. The CXCR4-SF1-ADSCs exhibited enhanced migration and had the ability to differentiate into Leydig-like cells in vitro. Furthermore, the bifunctional ADSCs were injected into BPA-mediated Leydig cell damage model mice via the tail vein. We found that the CXCR4-SF1-ADSCs were capable of homing to the injured testes, differentiating into Leydig-like cells and repairing the deficiency in reproductive function caused by Leydig cell dysfunction. Moreover, we investigated the mechanism underlying SF1-mediated differentiation and testosterone synthesis in Leydig cells, and the B-box and SPRY Domain Containing Protein (BSPRY) gene was proposed to be involved in this process. This study provides insight into the treatment of Leydig cell dysfunction-related diseases. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine published by Foundation for Cellular and Molecular Medicine and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Despite rising mental health problems worldwide, engaging men to seek mental health support is challenging. Male-only lifestyle interventions have shown promise for improving men's physical health, but the overall impact of these programs on psychological outcomes is unclear. This review aimed to evaluate the impact of male-only lifestyle interventions on men's mental health and to identify if any study or intervention features were associated with effectiveness. A systematic literature search with no date restrictions was conducted across four databases and returned 15 946 citations. Nine studies were eligible for inclusion, representing 1427 participants. Risk of bias was generally low across studies, although none were specifically powered to detect changes in mental health. Overall, significant group-by-time effects were reported for 26% of mental health outcomes examined. In the fixed-effects meta-analyses, small-to-medium intervention effects were observed for mental health-related quality of life (SMD = 0.24), self-esteem (SMD = 0.51), and positive affect (SMD = 0.58). Insights into effective study or intervention features were limited because of the low number of heterogeneous studies. Although male-only lifestyle interventions have improved men's mental health in some circumstances, studies that are specifically powered to detect long-term changes are urgently required, particularly in groups with pre-existing mental health concerns. © 2020 World Obesity Federation.Typically metal complexes are constituted of an acceptor metal ion and one or more Iigands containing the donor atoms. Accordingly, the properties of a metal complex are equally dependent on the nature of the metal ion and the ligands. Minute structural variations in the ligand will result in linear changes in the respective energetic parameters and such linear relationships have paramount importance in organometallic chemistry.  The variation in ligands is virtually limitless and substantial because of the extent of organic chemistry available for the modelling of desirable ligands, apart from the variation in metal ions. Anyhow, there is still a need of new parameters for the design and quantification of new ligands which in turn leads to synthesis of metal complexes with possibly predictable chemical properties. Previous studies have demonstrated that quantum chemically derived MESP parameters can be listed as one of the superior quantifiers in this regard, which can act as an effective ligand electronic parameter. The interaction between the ligand part and metal containing part will be crucial in assessing the reactivity of organometallic complexes. Here, we are applying MESP based substituent constants derived from substituted benzenes to forecast the interaction energies in (pyr * )W(CO) 5 , (NHC * )Mo(CO) 5 and (η 6 -arene * )Cr(CO) 3 complexes. Ligands and metal ions are varied in each case for better understanding and transparency. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.There is great potential for siRNA in treatment of diseases through the reduction of damaging protein translation by RNA interference. However, delivery and cell uptake of siRNA poses a serious problem in its therapeutic applications. Methods to overcome this issue include chemical modification of the siRNA duplex to improve pharmacokinetics, stability and efficacy and conjugation to small ligand molecules to enable membrane penetration, targetability and potency. In this review, the most common modifications of siRNA will be discussed, along with ligand conjugates that are believed to be the most promising in advancing the field of targeted siRNA delivery. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.AIM To evaluate the effects of 3 months of exercise cessation in physically active older individuals on inflammatory biomarkers and adiponectin, and examine any association modifications in physical functioning. METHODS We evaluated the effects of exercise cessation in 49 physically active older adults on inflammatory biomarkers, adiponectin and physical functioning. Participants (38 women, 11 men) were aged >65 years old and had attended a 9-month supervised exercise program. After 3 months of exercise cessation, we measured anthropometry, physical activity, strength, balance, endurance exercise, cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, interleukin-6 and adiponectin levels. RESULTS Adiponectin was positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein and negatively correlated with triglyceride levels after exercise cessation. Higher adiponectin levels were correlated with worse dynamic balance, endurance exercise and lower limb strength (men only), which might be explained by the adiponectin resistance hypothesis. CONCLUSIONS Adiponectin therefore might be a promising biomarker of physical dysfunction in older adults, although further research is necessary to understand the mechanisms involved in its double-sided effects. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; •• ••-••. © 2020 Japan Geriatrics Society.BACKGROUND & AIMS Gut microbiota are affected by diet and ethnicity, which impacts cognition and hospitalizations in cirrhosis. AIM Study interactions of diet with microbiota and impact on hospitalizations and cognition in American and Mexican cohorts. METHODS Controls and age-balanced patients with compensated/decompensated cirrhosis were included and followed for 90-day hospitalizations. A subset underwent minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) testing. Parameters such as dietary, salivary and faecal microbiota (diversity, taxa analysis, cirrhosis dysbiosis ratio CDRhigh = good) between/within countries were analysed. Regression analyses for hospitalizations and MHE were performed. RESULTS In all, 275 age-balanced subjects (133 US [40 Control, 50 Compensated, 43 Decompensated] and 142 Mexican [41 Control, 49 Compensated, 52 Decompensated]) were enrolled. MELD/cirrhosis severity was comparable. Diet showed lower protein and animal fat intake in all decompensated patients, but this was worse in Mexico. Diversity was lower in stool and saliva in decompensated patients, and worse in Mexican cohorts. Prevotellaceae were lower in decompensated cirrhosis, particularly those with lower animal fat/protein consumption across countries. Hospitalizations were higher in Mexico vs the USA (26% vs 14%, P = .04). On regression, Prevotellaceae, Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae lowered hospitalization risk independent of MELD and ascites. MHE testing was performed in 120 (60/country and 20/subgroup) subjects and MHE rate was similar. MELD and decompensation increased while CDR and Prevotellaceae decreased the risk of MHE. CONCLUSIONS Changes in diet and microbiota, especially related to animal fat and protein intake and Prevotellaceae, are associated with MHE and hospitalizations in Mexican patients with cirrhosis compared to an American cohort. Nutritional counselling to increase protein intake in cirrhosis could help prevent these hospitalizations. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Scalable solar hydrogen production by water splitting using particulate photocatalysts is promising for renewable energy utilization. However, photocatalytic overall water splitting is challenging owing to slow water oxidation kinetics, severe reverse reaction, and H2 /O2 gas separation. Selleck FG-4592 Herein, mimicking nature photosynthesis, a practically feasible approach named Hydrogen Farm Project (HFP) is presented, which is composed of solar energy capturing and hydrogen production subsystems integrated by a shuttle ion loop, Fe3+ /Fe2+ . Well-defined BiVO4 crystals with precisely tuned 110/010 facets are ideal photocatalysts to realize the HFP, giving up to 71 % quantum efficiency for photocatalytic water oxidation and full forward reaction with nearly no reverse reaction. An overall solar-to-chemical efficiency over 1.9 % and a solar-to-hydrogen efficiency exceeding 1.8 % could be achieved. Furthermore, a scalable HFP panel for solar energy storage was demonstrated under sunlight outdoors. © 2020 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Anion-π catalysis functions by stabilizing anionic transition states on aromatic π surfaces, thus providing a new approach to molecular transformation. The delocalized nature of anion-π interactions suggests that they serve best in stabilizing long-distance charge displacements. Aiming therefore for an anionic cascade reaction that is as charismatic as the steroid cyclization is for conventional cation-π biocatalysis, reported here is the anion-π-catalyzed epoxide-opening ether cyclizations of oligomers. Only on π-acidic aromatic surfaces having a positive quadrupole moment, such as hexafluorobenzene to naphthalenediimides, do these polyether cascade cyclizations proceed with exceptionally high autocatalysis (rate enhancements kauto /kcat >104  m-1 ). This distinctive characteristic adds complexity to reaction mechanisms (Goldilocks-type substrate concentration dependence, entropy-centered substrate destabilization) and opens intriguing perspectives for future developments. © 2020 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Nanoceria (CeO 2 NPs) is an extensively studied nanozyme with interesting oxidase-mimicking activity. Since it can work in the absence of toxic and unstable H 2 O 2 , CeO 2 NPs has been widely used in biosensing. CeO 2 NPs often encounters phosphate containing molecules that may affect its catalytic activity and various reports exist in the literature showing both promoted and inhibited activity. In this work, we systematically studied five types of phosphates including orthophosphate, pyrophosphate, triphosphate, a polyphosphate with 25 phosphate units (Pi 25 ), and also DNA oligonucleotides of various lengths and sequences. DNA was included since they contain a phosphate backbone that can strongly adsorb on nanoceria. We observed inhibited activity by a high concentration of DNA in both acetate and phosphate buffer, however, we only observed obvious increase activity by relatively low concentration of DNA in phosphate buffer. These discoveries provide an important understanding for further use of CeO 2 NPs in biosensor development, materials science, and nanotechnology.