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The findings of this rapid review can be utilized to improve the performance of influenza immunization programs in Australia and other countries with comparable programs; and recommend priorities for future evaluation of interventions to improve influenza vaccination uptake.To evaluate whether two-dose of varicella vaccine would provide a better protection to children from varicella than one-dose, we conducted a 13 matched case-control study in children in Qingdao, China. A total of 509 varicella cases aged 6-11 y were collected from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention (CISDCP). And 1,527 controls, who did not suffer from varicella, were selected and matched with cases by age and class. The varicella vaccine effectiveness (VE) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated. The vaccination coverage rate of one-dose varicella vaccine in the cases was 52.9%, while for the controls was 59.1%. And the two-dose vaccination rate in the cases and controls were 4.3% and 14.5%, respectively. A statistically significant difference was found in the immunization history between the cases and controls (P less then .001).The overall varicella VE was 56.1% (95% CI 45.0%-64.9%), and the VE of two-dose vaccination (81.6%, 95% CI 70.5%-88.4%) was substantially higher than that of one-dose vaccination (44.7%, 95% CI 31.6%-55.4%). For less than 2 y, 2-4 y, 4-6 y, and more than 6 y after only one-dose vaccination, the varicella VE were 96.6% (95% CI 75.0%-99.5%), 81.2% (95% CI 55.6%-92.0%), 60.8% (95% CI 46.8%-70.2%), and 18.0% (95% CI 4.3%-35.6%), respectively. The varicella VE gradually decreased over time (P for trend less then 0.001). It is recommended that the coverage of varicella vaccine should be increased and two-dose of varicella vaccine should be included in the National Immunization Program of China.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) (primarily composed of an exercise training program (ET) and educational workshops) is an effective intervention for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Although factors which influence participation in the full PR program have been reported, specific data on the educational component of PR have not been published. We aimed to identify factors which predict refusal to participate in the educational component of PR.

201 patient charts were retrospectively included in the analysis. Patients were classified according to their acceptance or refusal to participate in the educational workshops.

The location of ET outside the center was independently related to refusal to participate in the educational workshops (OR =0.01 [95%CI 0.00 to 0.17]). Patients who refused the workshops were less disabled according to the number of prescriptions of non-invasive ventilation, oxygen consumption and workload achieved during cardiopulmonary exercise testing, and use of medical transport.

The location of exercise sessions during PR influences patients' decisions to refuse or accept center-based educational workshops. When center-based PR programs are limited, and the ET is relocated to the patient's home, the educational workshops should also be relocated.

The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04301245).

The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04301245).

Emerging evidence has shown that radiotherapy is an effective treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), Micro(mi)RNAs are involved in regulating radiosensitivity in many cancers. MiR-122 accounts for approximately 70% of all cloned miRNAs in the liver, but there are few reports about whether it is involved in regulating of radiosensitivity in HCC cells.

HCC cells (HepG2 and Huh7) overexpressing miR-122 were constructed by transfecting them with lentiviral-miR-122. Vorapaxar in vitro Then, their proliferation ability was analyzed by the MTT, and colony formation assays and a xenograft tumor model was used to detect their radiosensitivity. The expression of cyclin G1 mRNA and protein was detected by the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively.

Overexpression of miR-122 inhibited the proliferation of, and radiosensitized HCC cells. Cyclin G1 mRNA and protein level were suppressed in HepG2 tumors overexpression miR-122.

MiR-122 may be useful as a potential radiosensitizer for HCC, and its mechanism is related to the regulation of cyclin G1.

MiR-122 may be useful as a potential radiosensitizer for HCC, and its mechanism is related to the regulation of cyclin G1.

Papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential (PUNLMP) and stage TaG1 non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) represent separate categories in current WHO 1999 grade definitions. Similarly, PUNLMP and Ta low-grade are separate entities in the WHO 2004/2016 grading system. However, this classification is currently questioned by reports showing a similar risk of recurrence and progression for both categories.

In this population-based study, risk estimates were evaluated in patients diagnosed with PUNLMP (

 = 135) or stage TaG1 (

 = 2176) NMIBC 2004-2008 with 5-year follow-up registration in the nation-wide Bladder Cancer Data Base Sweden (BladderBaSe). The risk of recurrence was assessed using multivariable Cox regression with adjustment for multiple confounders (age, gender, marital status, comorbidity, educational level, and health care region).

At five years, 28/135 (21%) patients with PUNLMP and 922/2176 (42%) with TaG1 had local recurrence. The corresponding progression rates were 0.7% (1/135) and 4.0% (86/2176), respectively. A higher relative risk of recurrence was detected in patients with TaG1 tumours compared to PUNLMP (Hazard Ratio 1.6, 95% CI 1.2-2.0) at 5-year follow-up, while progression events were too few to compare.

The difference in risk of recurrence between primary stage TaG1 and PUNLMP stands in contrast to the recently adapted notion that treatment and follow-up strategies can be merged into one low-risk group of NMIBC.

The difference in risk of recurrence between primary stage TaG1 and PUNLMP stands in contrast to the recently adapted notion that treatment and follow-up strategies can be merged into one low-risk group of NMIBC.To compare craniofacial and cervical morphology between skeletal Classes II and III applying Geometric Morphometric Methods (GMM). Twenty-six cervical and craniofacial landmarks of 40 Class II and 39 Class III individuals were digitalized on lateral cephalograms. Procrustes ANOVA, generalized Procrustes, principal component analyses, and thin-plate spline function were applied to assess the pattern of shape variation of craniofacial structure and the cervical spine in relation to skeletal classes. Compared with Class III, Class II individuals presented a maxillary protrusion, mandibular retrusion, shorter mandibular corpus, posterior mandibular ramus rotation, anterior cranial base rotation, and a smaller centroid size. Furthermore, a forward and smaller cervical spine were observed. With GMM, the shape and size differences between skeletal classes can be analyzed visually and numerically.ABSTRACTEmotion recognition (ER) can be conceived of as an integration of affective cues in working memory. We examined whether reduced working memory capacity and brain lesions in neural networks involved in emotion processing interactively impair ER of both one's own and another person's emotions. To assess the recognition of one's own and other's emotions, pictures from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) and facial expressions from the Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces (KDEF) database representing fear, anger, disgust, and sadness were presented to 40 lesioned patients and 40 healthy students. To manipulate working memory, a math task was imposed between exposure to the stimuli and collection of responses. Participants indicated the intensity of each of the four emotions for each picture. ER was computed as the difference between trials where the elicited emotion matched the requested emotion and trials where the elicited and requested emotions did not match. Whereas lesions impaired ER in both self and others, working memory load exclusively decreased recognition of other persons' emotions.

To describe the contribution of women scientists in the development of biomedical studies conducted on research facilities based on the ultrashort pulsed laser technologies in Armenia.

Given the opportunities provided by the ultrashort pulsed laser driven two-photon microscopy and electron beam linac facilities at CANDLE Synchrotron Research Institute, the Armenian women scientists initiated and conducted interdisciplinary research to understand of the biomedical effects of ultrashort pulsed electron beam irradiation, as well as to experience and apply the advantages of the two-photon microscopy in their fields of research. Women scientists had a crucial role and unique impact in the development of ultrashort pulsed laser technology-based biomedical studies in Armenia.

Given the opportunities provided by the ultrashort pulsed laser driven two-photon microscopy and electron beam linac facilities at CANDLE Synchrotron Research Institute, the Armenian women scientists initiated and conducted interdisciplinary research to understand of the biomedical effects of ultrashort pulsed electron beam irradiation, as well as to experience and apply the advantages of the two-photon microscopy in their fields of research. Women scientists had a crucial role and unique impact in the development of ultrashort pulsed laser technology-based biomedical studies in Armenia.We report findings from two sensory preconditioning experiments in which rats consumed two flavoured solutions, each with two gustatory components (AX and BY), composed of sweet, bitter, salt and acid elements. After this pre-exposure, rats were conditioned to X by pairing with lithium chloride. Standard sensory preconditioning was observed Consumption of flavour A was less than that of B. We found that sensory preconditioning was maintained when X was added to A and B. Both experiments included one group of rats with lesions of the perirhinal cortex, which did not influence sensory preconditioning. We discuss our findings in the light of other sensory preconditioning procedures that do involve the perirhinal cortex and conclude that differences in experimental variables invoke different mechanisms of sensory preconditioning, which vary in their requirement of the perirhinal cortex.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease caused by selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Metallothionein has been shown to act as a neuroprotectant in various brain injury. Thus, this study aims to identify the effects of full-length human metallothionein 2 peptide (hMT2) in paraquat-induced brain injury in the zebrafish.

A total of 80 adult zebrafish were divided into 4 groups namely control, paraquat-treated, pre-hMT2-treated, and post-hMT2-treated groups. Fish were treated with paraquat intraperitoneally every 3 days for 15 days. hMT2 were injected intracranially on day 0 (pre-treated group) and day 16 (post-treated group). Fish were sacrificed on day 22 and the brains were collected for qPCR, ELISA and immunohistochemistry analysis.

qPCR analysis showed that paraquat treatment down-regulated the expression of genes related to dopamine activity and biosynthesis (

and

) and neuroprotective agent (

). Paraquat treatment also up-regulated the expression of the

,

and proinflammatory genes (

,

,

and

).