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In this context, a Food-Based Dietary Guideline (FBDG) can be an important public policy tool from the health, nutrition, environmental, and educational points of view. Despite the effort, the literature shows that FBDGs can be better used to fulfill healthiness and sustainability purposes. In this scenario, the elaboration/revision of the FBDG, adopting a clearer, simpler, and a better-suited communication strategy is essential. In this way, this article discusses the importance of the FBDG as a public policy tool, not only regarding health issues but also communication strategies, production sustainability, and humanitarian ones, which are crucial to FBDG's efficiency.

Over recent decades, epidemiological studies have shown relationships between vitamins and

(

) infection and eradication, but the results are controversial.

A comprehensive meta-analysis and systematic review were conducted to clarify the relationships between common types of vitamins and

. We applied meta-regression, subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis to obtain available evidence. Articles published from January 1991 to June 2021 in PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched.

In total, we identified 48 studies. The results indicate that

-positive patients had lower serum vitamin B

[standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.30; 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.53 - -0.08], folate (SMD = -0.69; 95% CI -1.34 - -0.04), vitamin C (SMD = -0.37; 95%CI -0.57 - -0.18) and vitamin D (SMD = -0.34; 95% CI -0.49 - -0.18) levels than

-negative patients. Patients in which

had been successfully eradicated had higher serum vitamin D levels (SMD = 1.37; 95% CI 0.37-2.38) than in patients in which eradication had been unsuccessful. The serum vitamin B

levels of

-positive patients improved after successful

eradication therapy (SMD = 1.85; 95% CI 0.81-2.90), and antioxidant vitamin supplementation to an

eradication regimen improved the eradication rate (risk ratio = 1.22; 95% CI 1.02-1.44 for per-protocol analysis; risk ratio = 1.25; 95% CI 1.06-1.47 for intention-to-treat analysis).

infections decrease the serum levels of several types of vitamins, eradication of

could rescue its adverse effects, and antioxidant vitamin supplementation may improve the

eradication rate.

identifier CRD42021268127.

identifier CRD42021268127.A successful randomized clinical trial of the effect of dietary supplements on a chosen endpoint begins with developing supporting data in preclinical studies while paying attention to easily overlooked details when planning the related clinical trial. In this perspective, we draw on our experience studying the effect of an ethanolic extract from Artemisia dracunculus L. (termed PMI-5011) on glucose homeostasis as a potential therapeutic option in providing resilience to metabolic syndrome (MetS). Decisions on experimental design related to issues ranging from choice of mouse model to dosing levels and route of administration in the preclinical studies will be discussed in terms of translation to the eventual human studies. The more complex considerations in planning the clinical studies present different challenges as these studies progress from testing the safety of the dietary supplement to assessing the effect of the dietary supplement on a predetermined clinical outcome. From the vantage point of hindsight, we will outline potential pitfalls when translating preclinical studies to clinical studies and point out details to address when designing clinical studies of dietary supplements.Proteins are essential components of the human diet. Dietary proteins could be derived from animals and plants. Animal protein, although higher in demand, is generally considered less environmentally sustainable. Therefore, a gradual transition from animal- to plant-based protein food may be desirable to maintain environmental stability, ethical reasons, food affordability, greater food safety, fulfilling higher consumer demand, and combating of protein-energy malnutrition. Due to these reasons, plant-based proteins are steadily gaining popularity, and this upward trend is expected to continue for the next few decades. Plant proteins are a good source of many essential amino acids, vital macronutrients, and are sufficient to achieve complete protein nutrition. The main goal of this review is to provide an overview of plant-based protein that helps sustain a better life for humans and the nutritional quality of plant proteins. Therefore, the present review comprehensively explores the nutritional quality of the plant proteins, their cost-effective extraction and processing technologies, impacts on nutrition, different food wastes as an alternative source of plant protein, and their environmental impact. Furthermore, it focuses on the emerging technologies for improving plant proteins' bioavailability, digestibility, and organoleptic properties, and highlights the aforementioned technological challenges for future research work.We reviewed data on the American diet from 1800 to 2019. Methods We examined food availability and estimated consumption data from 1800 to 2019 using historical sources from the federal government and additional public data sources. Results Processed and ultra-processed foods increased from 60% of foods. Large increases occurred for sugar, white and whole wheat flour, rice, poultry, eggs, vegetable oils, dairy products, and fresh vegetables. Saturated fats from animal sources declined while polyunsaturated fats from vegetable oils rose. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) rose over the twentieth century in parallel with increased consumption of processed foods, including sugar, refined flour and rice, and vegetable oils. Saturated fats from animal sources were inversely correlated with the prevalence of NCDs. Conclusions As observed from the food availability data, processed and ultra-processed foods dramatically increased over the past two centuries, especially sugar, white flour, white rice, vegetable oils, and ready-to-eat meals. These changes paralleled the rising incidence of NCDs, while animal fat consumption was inversely correlated.Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) represents a new large scale and high throughput technique allowing analysis of the whole transcriptome at the resolution of an individual cell. It has emerged as an imperative method in life science research, uncovering complex cellular networks and providing indices that will eventually lead to the development of more targeted and personalized therapies. The importance of scRNA-seq has been particularly highlighted through the analysis of complex biological systems, in which cellular heterogeneity is a key aspect, such as the immune system. Autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases represent a group of disorders, associated with a dysregulated immune system and high patient heterogeneity in both pathophysiological and clinical aspects. ONO-AE3-208 in vitro This complicates the complete understanding of underlying pathological mechanisms, associated with limited therapeutic options available and their long-term inefficiency and even toxicity. There is an unmet need to investigate, in depth, the cellular and molecular mechanisms driving the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases and drug resistance, identify novel therapeutic targets, as well as make a step forward in using stratified and informed therapeutic decisions, which could now be achieved with the use of single cell approaches. This review summarizes the current use of scRNA-seq in studying different rheumatic diseases, based on recent findings from published in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies, as well as discusses the potential implementation of scRNA-seq in the development of precision medicine in rheumatology.

To explore the feasibility and repeatability of a novel glasses-free display combined with random-dot stimulus and eye-tracking technology for screening stereopsis in adults.

A total of 74 patients aged 18-44 years were recruited in this study (male female, 3242), including 33 patients with high myopia [≤ -6.0 diopters (D)] and 41 patients with moderate-to-low myopia (>-6.0 D). Stereopsis was measured using glasses-free, polarized, and Titmus stereotests. All patients completed a visual fatigue questionnaire after the polarized stereotest and glasses-free test. Kendall's W and Cohen's Kappa tests were used to evaluate repeatability and consistency of the glasses-free stereotest.

The stereotest results using the glasses-free monitor showed strong repeatability in the three consecutive tests (

= 0.968,

< 0.01) and good consistency with the polarized stereotest and Titmus test results (vs. polarization Kappa = 0.910,

< 0.001; vs. Titmus Kappa = 0.493,

< 0.001). Stereopsis levels of the high myopia group were significantly poorer than those of the moderate-to-low myopia group in three stereotest monitors (all

< 0.05). There was no significant difference in visual fatigue level between the polarized and the glasses-free display test (

= 0.72). Compared with the polarized test, 56.76% of patients preferred the glasses-free display and found it more comfortable, 20.27% reported both tests to be acceptable.

In our adult patients, the new eye-tracking glasses-free display system feasibly screened stereopsis with good repeatability, consistency, and patient acceptance.

In our adult patients, the new eye-tracking glasses-free display system feasibly screened stereopsis with good repeatability, consistency, and patient acceptance.

Invasive mechanical ventilation plays an important role in the prognosis of patients with sepsis. However, there are, currently, no tools specifically designed to assess weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation in patients with sepsis. The aim of our study was to develop a practical model to predict weaning in patients with sepsis.

We extracted patient information from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care Database-IV (MIMIC-IV) and the eICU Collaborative Research Database (eICU-CRD). Kaplan-Meier curves were plotted to compare the 28-day mortality between patients who successfully weaned and those who failed to wean. Subsequently, MIMIC-IV was divided into a training set and an internal verification set, and the eICU-CRD was designated as the external verification set. We selected the best model to simplify the internal and external validation sets based on the performance of the model.

A total of 5020 and 7081 sepsis patients with invasive mechanical ventilation in MIMIC-IV and eICU-CRD ort-term mortality in patients with sepsis. The simplified model based on the XGBoost algorithm provides good predictive performance and great clinical applicablity for weaning, and a web-based tool was developed for better clinical application.

To evaluate the diagnostic performance of an extended ultrasound protocol in patients referred under the suspicion of giant cell arteritis (GCA).

Consecutive patients with suspected GCA were examined with an extended color duplex ultrasound (CDU) protocol during a period of 2 years. The extended CDU protocol included temporal, axillary, subclavian, brachiocephalic, and carotid arteries. The reference was clinically diagnosed GCA, confirmed after ≥6-month follow-up. Hypo- or medium-echogenic, circumferential, homogenous wall thickening, and/or a positive compression sign in temporal arteries, were regarded as typical signs of arteritis.

Of the eligible 201 patients, 83 (41%) received a clinical GCA diagnosis at follow-up ≥6 months post CDU examination. Among these cases, 48 (58%) demonstrated inflammation solely in temporal arteries, 8 (10%) showed abnormalities restricted to extra-cranial vessels, and 23 (28%) patients displayed inflammatory changes in both temporal and extra-cranial arteries. Color duplex ultrasound of temporal arteries yielded a diagnostic sensitivity and specificity [95% confidence intervals (CI)] of 86% (76-92%) and 99% (95-99%), respectively.