Lauesenhester2976
Proximal occlusion led to early complete aneurysm occlusion in 71% of the cases, 21% occluded during follow-up. The complete occlusion rate was 96%, distal occlusion had an early aneurysm occlusion rate of 40%, 40% occluded during follow-up. Complete aneurysm occlusion rate was only 80%. All 3 techniques resulted in a volume reduction of more than 60% without a significant difference between the groups. PF-3644022 mouse The annual aneurysm rupture rate after distal parent artery sacrifice was 15%; there was no rupture after trapping or proximal parent artery sacrifice.
Trapping and proximal parent artery sacrifice seem to be superior to distal parent artery sacrifice regarding occlusion and rupture rates.
Trapping and proximal parent artery sacrifice seem to be superior to distal parent artery sacrifice regarding occlusion and rupture rates.Maximal handgrip strength and endurance are important indicators of upper limb function in older adults. Up to now, there is insufficient information regarding the efficacy of specialized strength training programs for improving handgrip strength. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of an 8-week specialized handgrip strength training program on maximal handgrip strength and endurance in healthy older women. A randomized controlled trial was performed. Thirty-six healthy older women (>65 years) were randomly divided into a training group (TG) (n = 18) and a control group (CG) (n = 18). The TG participated in an 8-week specialized handgrip strength training program using rubber balls and hand grippers (2 training sessions/week, 10-15 min, 8-15 repetitions/set, 4-6 total sets/session). Prior to and after the completion of the program, maximal handgrip strength and dynamic endurance (indices repeated maximal repetitions and percentage change in handgrip strength between first and last 6 repetitions) were assessed in both hands. Repeated measures MANOVA results indicated that maximal handgrip strength (+9.3%-10.4%) and strength values during repeated maximal repetitions (+14% to 27%) significantly increased in TG (p less then 0.001), while the percentage change in handgrip strength between the first and last 6 repetitions decreased significantly (-6%) (p less then 0.05), irrespective of the tested hand. The results of this study showed that an 8-week specialized handgrip strength training program can be used effectively by athletic trainers, physical and hand therapists to counteract the detrimental effects of the aging process on maximal handgrip strength and endurance in older adults.The aim of this study was to characterize the change in health-related quality of life following carpal tunnel decompression. Pre- and postoperative Euroqol 5 Dimensions scores were collected prospectively over three years. Outcomes were available for 435 of 563 patients (77%); mean age was 62 years. Comorbid status was described using the Charlson Comorbidity Index. Change in Euroqol 5 Dimensions scores declined with increasing age and Charlson Comorbidity Index the greatest improvement in quality of life occurred in the youngest group (+0.07 vs. -0.07 in the oldest group; p less then 0.001) and patients with the lowest Comorbidity Index (+0.05 vs. -0.07 in the highest comorbidity group; p less then 0.001). Charlson Comorbidity Index was an independent predictor of worse change in Euroqol 5 Dimensions scores on regression analysis. Carpal tunnel decompression results in significant improvement in health-related quality of life in younger patients with minimal comorbidities, but not in older patients with more comorbidities. We advise interpreting the Euroqol 5 Dimensions scores with caution in this patient cohort. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III (cohort study).Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are highly prevalent in the supermarket sector with manual material handling being one of the most commonly identified occupational risk factors. This cross-sectional study applied inertial motion capture and electromyography (EMG) to measure full-body kinematics and muscle activity of trapezius descendens and erector spinae longissimus during 50 manual material handling tasks performed by 17 workers in two supermarkets. The handling of bread and cucumbers to high shelf heights showed the highest trapezius muscle activity (from 47% to 59% peak normalized EMG), while the handling of bananas as well as lifting milk, bread and cucumbers from low to high positions showed the highest erector spinae activity (from 59% to 71%). Twenty-two tasks involved flexing the shoulders and trunk more than 90° and 50°, respectively. Based on these results, several manual handling practices in supermarkets should be reconsidered to reduce the physical work demands.Sustained non-neutral postures of the head/neck are related to transient neck discomfort and longer-term disorders of the neck. Periodic breaks can help but the ideal length and frequency of breaks are yet to be determined. The current study aimed to quantify the effects of three work-rest strategies on fatigue development. Participants maintained a 45-degree neck flexion posture for a total of 60 min and were provided 3 min of rest distributed in different ways throughout the experiment [LONG (one, 3-min break), MEDIUM (two, 1.5-min breaks), or SHORT (five, 36-s breaks)]. Surface electromyography data were collected from the bilateral neck extensors and trapezius. Subjective discomfort/fatigue ratings were also gathered. Results of the analysis of the EMG data revealed that the SHORT condition did not show increased EMG activity, while LONG [21%] and MEDIUM [10%] did (p less then 0.05), providing objective data supporting the guidance of short, frequent breaks to alleviate fatigue.
To characterize the entire rat corneal nerve architecture, the changes that occur with aging, and its sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic fiber distribution.
Sprague-Dawley rats (aged 1 day to 2 years old) of both sexes were euthanized, and the whole corneas were immunostained with protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5). The specimens were double-labeled with antibodies against calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP) as sensory nerve markers, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) as a parasympathetic nerve marker, and neuropeptide Y (NPY) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) as markers of sympathetic fibers. Relative nerve density positive for each antibody was assessed by computer-assisted image analysis.
Thick nerve trunks enter the cornea in the middle of the stroma and run towards the anterior stroma, subsequently dividing into smaller branches that penetrate upwards into the epithelium to form the subbasal nerve bundles. There was no significant difference in corneal innervation between sexes. CGRP and SP were the major sensory neuropeptides with 47.6%±3.5% and 34.9%±5.1%, respectively, of the total nerves. VIP was 18.4%±5.7%, and NPY and TH positive fibers took up 6.92%±2.66% and 2.92%±1.52%, respectively. Epithelial nerve density increased with age, reached full development at 5 weeks, and decreased at 120 weeks.
This study provides a complete nerve architecture and content of components of sensory, parasympathetic, and sympathetic nerves in the rat cornea. The normal innervation pattern described here will provide an essential baseline for investigators who use the rat model for assessing corneal pathologies that involve nerve alterations.
This study provides a complete nerve architecture and content of components of sensory, parasympathetic, and sympathetic nerves in the rat cornea. The normal innervation pattern described here will provide an essential baseline for investigators who use the rat model for assessing corneal pathologies that involve nerve alterations.An intermediate of tricarboxylic acid cycle alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) is involved in pleiotropic metabolic and regulatory pathways in the cell, including energy production, biosynthesis of certain amino acids, collagen biosynthesis, epigenetic regulation of gene expression, regulation of redox homeostasis, and detoxification of hazardous substances. Recently, AKG supplement was found to extend lifespan and delay the onset of age-associated decline in experimental models such as nematodes, fruit flies, yeasts, and mice. This review summarizes current knowledge on metabolic and regulatory functions of AKG and its potential anti-ageing effects. Impact on epigenetic regulation of ageing via being an obligate substrate of DNA and histone demethylases, direct antioxidant properties, and function as mimetic of caloric restriction and hormesis-induced agent are among proposed mechanisms of AKG geroprotective action. Due to influence on mitochondrial respiration, AKG can stimulate production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by mitochondria. According to hormesis hypothesis, moderate stimulation of ROS production could have rather beneficial biological effects, than detrimental ones, because of the induction of defensive mechanisms that improve resistance to stressors and age-related diseases and slow down functional senescence. Discrepancies found in different models and limitations of AKG as a geroprotective drug are discussed.
Defective rostrocaudal colonization of the gut by vagal neural crest cells (vNCCs) results in Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR), which is characterized by aganglionosis in variable lengths of the distal bowel. Skip segment Hirschsprung's disease (SSHD), referring to a ganglionated segment within an otherwise aganglionic intestine, contradicts HSCR pathogenesis and underscores a significant gap in our understanding of the development of the enteric nervous system. Here, we aimed to identify the embryonic origin of the ganglionic segments in SSHD.
Intestinal biopsy specimens from HSCR patients were prepared via the Swiss-roll technique to search for SSHD cases. NCC migration from the neural tube to the gut was spatiotemporally traced using targeted cell lineages and gene manipulation in mice.
After invading the mesentery surrounding the foregut, vNCCs separated into 2 populations mesenteric NCCs (mNCCs) proceeded to migrate along the mesentery, whereas enteric NCCs invaded the foregut to migrate along the gut. mNCCs not only produced neurons and glia within the gut mesentery, but also continuously complemented the enteric NCC pool. Two new cases of SSHD were identified from 183 HSCR patients, and Ednrb-mutant mice, but not Ret
mice, showed a high incidence rate of SSHD-like phenotypes.
mNCCs, a subset of vNCCs that migrate into the gut via the gut mesentery to give rise to enteric neurons, could provide an embryologic explanation for SSHD. These findings lead to novel insights into the development of the enteric nervous system and the etiology of HSCR.
mNCCs, a subset of vNCCs that migrate into the gut via the gut mesentery to give rise to enteric neurons, could provide an embryologic explanation for SSHD. These findings lead to novel insights into the development of the enteric nervous system and the etiology of HSCR.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) arises in a cirrhotic, pro-angiogenic microenvironment. Inhibiting angiogenesis is a key mode of action of multikinase inhibitors and current non-cirrhotic models are unable to predict treatment response. We present a novel mouse cirrhotic model of xenotransplant that predicts the natural biology of HCC and allows personalized therapy.
Cirrhosis was induced in NOD Scid gamma mice with 4 months of thioacetamide administration. Patient derived xenografts (PDXs) were created by transplant of human HCC subcutaneously into non-cirrhotic mice and intra-hepatically into both cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic mice. The applicability of cirrhotic PDXs for drug testing was tested with 16 days of either sorafenib or lenvatinib. Treatment response was evaluated by MRI.
8 out of 19 (42%) human HCC engrafted in the cirrhotic model compared with only 3 out of 19 (16%) that engrafted in the subcutaneous non-cirrhotic model. Tumor vasculature was preserved in the cirrhotic model but was diminished in the non-cirrhotic models.
