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The cooperative effect of metformin and tested drugs was realized in an estrogen-independent manner, and, in the case of tamoxifen, was associated with the activation of apoptotic cell death. Similarly, the stimulation of apoptosis under metformin/tamoxifen co-treatment was shown to occur in the MCF-7 cells after steroid depletion as well as in the ERα-negative MDA-MB-231 cells. We conclude that metformin co-treatment may be used for the increase and partial restoration of the cancer cell sensitivity to hormonal and target drugs. Moreover, the combination of metformin with tamoxifen induces the apoptotic death in the ERα-negative breast cancer cells opening the additional perspectives in the treatment of estrogen-independent breast tumors.Adolescence is marked by significant life stress. Recently, school refusal and dropouts as well as suicide among Japanese adolescents have increased. Humancathelicidin Sense of coherence (SOC) is recognized as a competency that helps people deal with stress. The purpose of this study was to examine the factors influencing SOC in male and female high school students. We conducted a survey with 203 pairs of high school students and their mothers, in Tokyo, to explore their SOC, family relationships, school belonging, and autistic traits. Analysis of the data revealed a weak relationship between female students' SOC and that of their mothers, and no relationship between male students' SOC and their mothers' SOC. Feelings of acceptance and recognition from teachers improved students' SOC, irrespective of gender. Low SOC in mothers had a negative impact on female students' SOC, and children's lack of imagination (an autism spectrum tendency) had a negative impact on male students' SOC. link2 This study revealed the importance of support at home and school according to the needs of both genders.Many efforts have been made in the past two decades into the search for novel natural and less-toxic anti-diabetic agents. Some clinical trials have assigned this ability to anthocyanins, although different factors like the food source, the amount ingested, the matrix effect and the time of consumption (before or after a meal) seem to result in contradictory conclusions. The possible mechanisms involved in these preventive or therapeutic effects will be discussed-giving emphasis to the latest in vitro and in silico approaches. Therapeutic strategies to counteract metabolic alterations related to hyperglycemia and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) may include (a) Inhibition of carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes; (b) reduction of glucose transporters expression or activity; (c) inhibition of glycogenolysis and (d) modulation of gut microbiota by anthocyanin breakdown products. These strategies may be achieved through administration of individual anthocyanins or by functional foods containing complexes of anthocyanincarbohydrateprotein.The combination of the fact-based asymptotic method (FBAM) and the geometrical optics and physical optics (GO/PO) hybrid method is an effective way to analyze the electromagnetic (EM) scattering from electrically large ship targets in a marine environment because it takes the multiple scattering of the ship targets into consideration as well as the coupling scattering field between the targets and the sea surface. However, regarding an electrically large marine scene that contains a large target, the occlusion judgement process for calculating the multiple scattering field and the coupling field makes it inefficient. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a physical mechanism-based improved method to reduce the invalid occlusion judgment between different patches on the composite ship-ocean scene, and this operation enhances the computational efficiency significantly. With the proposed method, radar cross section (RCS) results of different targets and composite ship-ocean scenes were calculated and compared with the original FBAM and GO/PO method. Numerical results showed that the proposed method had higher efficiency compared with the original method with the same good accuracy. In addition, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of a composite ship-ocean scene with different radar parameters and sea conditions were simulated with the proposed method for detection purpose. Finally, the proposed method was used to analyze the EM scattering characteristic of a marine environment with multiple ships.Extreme hunger and poverty remain a significant barrier to maintaining a normal and healthy life, and increase the burden of tuberculosis (TB) in sub-Saharan African countries. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and factors associated with undernutrition among adult patients with TB in Burkina Faso. In the Health Centre Region of Burkina Faso, we conducted a cross-sectional survey with face-to-face interviews of patients aged 15 years and older with TB (n = 302), from March to April 2019. Undernutrition was defined as a body mass index of less then 18.5 kg/m2. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the correlates of undernutrition. The prevalence of undernutrition was 35.8%, in which severe, moderate, and mild thinness were 7.7%, 8.9%, and 19.5%, respectively. Low food frequency per day (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.28, confidence interval [CI] 1.42-7.55, p = 0.005), human immunodeficiency virus infection (aOR = 6.18, CI 2.26-16.88, p less then 0.001), and diabetes mellitus (aOR = 17.52, 95% CI 1.88-162.97, p = 0.012) and young age (45-54 years vs. 65 years and older, aOR = 2.93, 95% CI 1.11-7.70, p = 0.029) were associated with increased odds of undernutrition. We concluded that the assessment of comorbidity and nutritional status should be part of the treatment for adult TB patients.The prevalence of waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS), which is also known as ghalyan, shisha or hookah, is increasing rapidly around the world, especially among youth. Growing interest in this form of tobacco smoking can be traced, in part, to the use of flavored tobacco products, social acceptability as a safer option than cigarettes, and its consideration as a relaxation method or entertainment. However, there is a well-established association between WTS and oxidative stress that causes irreversible chronic pathological conditions such as cardiovascular and respiratory problems, as well as different types of cancers, and thus increases the risk of mortality. Clearly, induction of inflammation status through increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in turn leads to oxidative stress and harm to lipids, DNA, and proteins, is the most plausible mechanism to explain the potential harmful effects of WTS. Unlike WTS, well-designed exercise training programs increase ROS to the extent that it is beneficial to the body. In this study, we aimed to review available evidence on the impact of exercise training on oxidative stress and inflammation status. We also summarize the effect of acute and chronic WTS on different exercise capacities.Black gamju is Korean traditional beverage fermented with molds. The aim of this study was to assess the probiotic properties and antioxidant activities of novel Pediococcus pentosaceus SC28 and Levilactobacillus brevis KU15151 to develop black gamju with bioactive properties for health. Tolerance against artificial gastric juice and bile salts, adhesion ability on HT-29 cells of strains, and antibiotics susceptibility were evaluated as probiotics, and various enzyme productions were detected. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay, 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate, and β-carotene bleaching assay were used for antioxidant activity of samples. The tolerance of both strains to artificial gastric juice and bile salts (Oxgall) was more than 90%. Additionally, both strains did not produce β-glucuronidase and were resistant to gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin, and ciprofloxacin. After fermentation of black gamju with each strain, the number of viable lactic acid bacteria increased to 8.25-8.95 log colony forming unit/mL, but the pH value of fermented samples decreased more (to pH 3.33-3.41) than that of control (pH 4.37). L. brevis KU15151 showed higher adhesion activity to HT-29 cells and antioxidant effects than P. pentosaceus SC28 in three antioxidant assays.Rail surface scratching occurs with increasing frequency, seriously threatening the safety of vehicles and humans. Online repair of rail-surface scratches on damaged rails with scratch depths >1 mm is of increased importance, because direct rail-replacement has the disadvantages of long operation time, high manpower and high material costs. Advanced online repair of rail-surface scratch using three-dimensional (3D) metal printing technology such as laser cladding has become an increasing trend, desperately demanding a solution for the fast and precise establishment of a complete closed mesh model of rail-surface scratch data. However, there have only been limited studies on the topic so far. link3 In this paper, the complete closed mesh model is well established based on a novel triangulation algorithm relying on the topological features of the point-cloud model (PCM) of scratch-data, which is obtained by implementing a scratch-data-computation process following a rail-geometric-feature-fused algorithm of random sample consensus (RANSAC) performed on the full rail-surface PCM constructed by 3D laser vision. The proposed method is universal for all types of normal-speed rails in China. Experimental results show that the proposed method can accurately acquire the complete closed mesh models of scratch data of one meter of 50 Kg/m-rails within 1 min.Carbon-based (nano)materials doped with transition metals, nitrogen and other heteroatoms are considered active heterogeneous catalysts in a wide range of chemical processes. Recently they have been scrutinized as artificial enzymes since they can catalyze proton-coupled electron transfer reactions vital for living organisms. Herein, interactions between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and either metal-free N and/or S doped or metal containing Fe-N-S co-doped porous carbons are studied. The Fe- and N-co-doped porous carbons (Fe-N-C) exhibit enhanced affinity toward bacteria as they show the highest adsorption capacity. Fe-N-C materials also show the strongest influence on the bacteria viability with visible toxic effect. Both types of bacteria studied reacted to the presence of Fe-doped carbons in a similar manner, showing a decrease in dehydrogenases activity in comparison to controls. The N-coordinated iron-doped carbons (Fe-N-C) may exhibit oxidase/peroxidase-like activity and activate O2 dissolved in the solution and/or oxygen-containing species released by the bacteria (e.g., H2O2) to yield highly bactericidal reactive oxygen species. As Fe/N/ and/or S-doped carbon materials efficiently adsorb bacteria exhibiting simultaneously antibacterial properties, they can be applied, inter alia, as microbiological filters with enhanced biofouling resistance.Background An inverse relationship of serum liver transaminases and mortality might be due to better blood pressure control in hypertensive patients. Whether it holds true regarding such an association for long-term blood pressure variability (BPV) in those without antihypertensive therapy is unclear. Methods A population of 1112 military males without antihypertensive medications, aged 32 years, was collected from a retrospective longitudinal study in Taiwan. Serum liver aspartate and alanine transaminase (AST and ALT) levels were obtained from a 12 h-fast blood sample of each participant. BPV was assessed by standard deviation (SD) and average real variability (ARV) of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), respectively across 4 visits during the study period (2012-2014, 2014-2015, 2015-2016, and 2016-2018). Multivariable linear regression analysis was utilized to determine the association adjusting for demographics, anthropometric indexes, SBP, DBP, and lipid profiles. Results In the unadjusted model, ALT was significantly and positively correlated with SDDBP and ARVDBP (β (standard errors) = 0.