Aarupcrowder3544

This Curie temperature was increased to 57 K with 3% tensile strain whereas it was decreased to 35 K with 3% compressive strain. Overall, we found that the magnetic property of 2D VI3 monolayer was robust under the strain.Although lithium-sulfur batteries are one of the promising candidates for next generation energy storage systems, the practical applications are still hampered by the poor cycle life, which can be attributed to the insulating properties of sulfur and the shuttle effect of electrochemical intermediate polysulfides. To address these problems, we synthesize sandwich-like composites which consist of ultrafine nanosulfur particles enveloped by little oxygen-functionalized graphene layers (F-GS@S). In this structure, the little oxygen-functionalized graphene backbone can not only accelerate the redox kinetics of sulfur species, but also eliminate the shuttle effect of polysulfides by strong chemical interaction. Moreover, the sandwich confinement structures can further inhibit the dissolution of polysulfides by physical restraint and accommodate the volume contraction/expansion of sulfur during cycling. As a result, the F-GS@S composites used as cathodes for lithium-sulfur batteries display superior rate capability with high capacities of 1208 mAh g-1 at 0.1 C and 601.7 mAh g-1 at 2 C and high cycling stability with a capacity retention of 70.5% after 500 cycles at 2 C. The in-situ characterizations and real-time monitoring experiments during the discharge/charge process are carried out to elucidate the reaction mechanism of the F-GS@S composites as cathodes for high rate and long-life lithium-sulfur batteries. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.The interplay of small noncoding RNAs (miRNAs), mRNAs, and proteins plays crucial roles in almost all cellular processes. MiR-124, widely known as a memory-related miRNA, can regulate long-term memory by binding to the mRNA of transcription factor CREB1 stimulated with 5-HT. In this paper, we establish a regulatory network model of CREB1 and miR-124 stimulated by 5-HT, in which miR-124 inhibits CREB1, which in turn enhances miR-124. Our model validates three protocols based on 5-HT used in experiments on the induction of long-term memory in Aplysia. A steady-state analysis and bifurcations beyond memory formation of the abstracted system when the fast reaction has been in the equilibrium, can facilitate more abundant dynamical behaviors such as bistability and oscillation. The original system also exhibits bistability under appropriate feedback strengths, which is relevant to the mechanism of long-term memory formation. Furthermore, we specically show a change in the transition from a reversible switch to an irreversible switch via bifurcations of the negative regulation of miR-124 on CREB1, which eventually maintains a high pCREB1 level after being initially elevated by 5-HT. These findings indicate that miR-124 provides an inhibitory constraint on long-term synaptic plasticity through the regulation of CREB1. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.In this work, we report manifested optical, optoelectronic and spin-spin relaxation features of a few layered tungsten disulphide (22) nanosheets subjected to energeticγ -photons (~1.3 MeV) emitted from a Co60source. Upon intense irradiation (dose=96 kGy), a slight departure from pure hexagonal phase was realized with the introduction of trigonal phase at large. Moreover, in the Raman spectra as a consequence of the radiation induced effect, an apparent improvement of theE-to-Amode intensity and consequently, a reduction in phonon life-times have been realized latter being dependent on the linewidths. The emergence of the new peak (D) maxima observable at, ~406 cm-1in the Raman spectra and ~680 nm in the photoluminescence (PL) spectra can be attributed to the introduction of defect centers owing to realization of sulphur vacancies (VS) in the irradiated nanoscale WS2. Additionally, neutral exciton to charged exciton (trion) conversion is anticipated in the overall PL characteristics. The PL decay dynamics, while following bi-exponential trends, have revealed an ample improvement in both the fast parameter (0.39±0.01 ns to 1.88±0.03 ns) as well as slow parameter (2.36±0.03 ns to 12.1±0.4 ns) afterγ -impact. We attribute this to the finite band gap expansion and the incorporation of new localized states within the gap; respectively. A declining nature of exciton annihilation rate is also witnessed. The isotropic nature of the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra as a consequence of γ-exposure would essentially characterize a uniform distribution of the paramagnetic species in the system, while predicting a three fold improved of relative spin density at 96 kGy. Irbinitinib purchase Exploring defect dynamics and spin dynamics in the 2D nanoscale systems would not only strengthen fundamental insight but can also offer ample scope for designing suitable components in the areas of miniaturized optoelectronic and spintronic devices. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.OBJECTIVE To promote clinical applications of muscle-synergy-based neurorehabilitation techniques, this study aims to clarify any potential modulations of both the muscular compositions and temporal activations of forearm muscle synergies for multiple movements under variant force levels and arm positions. APPROACH Two groups of healthy subjects participated in this study. Electromyography (EMG) signals were collected when they performed 4 hand and wrist movements under variant constraints - 3 different force levels for one group and 5 arm positions for the other. Muscle synergies were extracted from the EMGs, and their robustness across variant force levels and arm positions was separately assessed by evaluating their across-condition structure similarity, cross-validation, and cluster analysis. The synergies' activation coefficients across the variant constraints were also compared; and the coefficients were used to discriminate the different force levels and the arm positions, respectively. MAIN RESULTS Overall, the muscle synergies were relatively fixed across variant constraints, but they were more robust to variant forces than to changing arm positions. link2 The activations of muscle synergies depended largely on the level of contraction force and could discriminate the force levels very well, but the coefficients corresponding to different arm positions discriminated the positions with lower accuracy. Similar results were found for all types of forearm movement analyzed. SIGNIFICANCE With our experiment and subject-specific analysis, only slight modulation of the muscular compositions of forearm muscle synergies was found under variant force and arm position constraints. Our results may shed valuable insights. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.A detailed computational analysis has been performed, considering copper atomic contacts that are exposed directly to water molecules, hydroxyl groups, and monatomic as well as molecular hydrogen and oxygen species. The optimized physical bonding structure, electrical conductance and inelastic tunneling spectra (IETS) have been determined theoretically for moderately large structures by performing appropriate ab-initio and semi-empirical calculations. By considering the aforementioned properties, it has been possible to determine that some of the molecular bridging structures may be regarded as being highly-probable outcomes, resulting from the exposure of copper electrodes to the atomic/molecular contaminants. We specifically identify the conductance properties of a variety of configurations including examples with very high and very low conductance values. This is done in order to identify junction geometries that may be realized experimentally and their conductance and IETS signatures. By reporting geometries with very high and very low conductance values here, we intend to provide a wider perspective view than previous studies of copper-molecular junctions that have focused on high conductance structures. In addition, we explore the properties of metal junctions with multiple molecules, a class of systems for which little theoretical work has been available in the molecular electronics literature. We find that water molecules surrounding the junction can influence the bonding geometry of the molecules within the junction and consequently can affect strongly the calculated conductances of such junctions. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.The development of novel 2D materials, due to the promising applications they have enabled through their unique properties, has attracted increasingly more research interest. In this regard, novel dual-emitting coordination polymer nanosheets were developed by doping Eu3+ and Tb3+ ions into the nanostructures of the [Ba(DPA)2(H2O)2]n (DPA = dipicolinic acid) coordination polymer (BCP). link3 Single crystal x-ray crystallography revealed that BCP is a 1D coordination polymer and its three-dimensional supramolecular architecture is constructed with a relatively strong hydrogen bonding in the ac crystallographic plane and weak non-covalent interactions along the b axis. Using energetic ultrasound irradiations, synthesis of nanoscale BCP along with the unzipping of the weak interactions between the ac layers was accomplished. The resulting BCP nanosheets was used as the host lattice and was doped with Eu3+ and Tb3+ ions. Remarkably, the sensing ability of both Eu3+ and Tb3+ doped coordination polymer (Ln@BCP) nanosheets towards temperature and the DPA anthrax biomarker were investigate. The high relative sensitivity value of 2.42% K-1 and their reusability, makes Ln@BCP nanosheets an ideal candidate for the nanothermometry. They also exhibited high selective detection characteristics towards the DPA anthrax biomarker with a 0.03 nM detection limit. Therefore, Ln@BCP nanosheets can also be considered as an efficient multi-responsive optical sensor. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.The oxide shell of Al nanoparticles (Al NPs) prevented further reaction of Al/CuO nanothermites to reduce the Al utilization efficiency and the performance of the nanothermites. However, the performance of Al/CuO nanothermites can be improved by adding Ammonium Perchlorate (AP). In this work, in order to confirm and explain the enhancement mechanism of AP on Al/CuO nanothermites, Al/CuO/NC and Al/CuO/NC/AP composites were prepared by electrospray method. The composites were characterized by DSC/TG, XRD, SEM and TEM. Meanwhile, the ignition temperature and the time-resolved analysis of rapid pyrolysis chemistry of the composites were tested using T-jump and time-of-flight mass spectrometry, respectively. The results show that Al NPs of Al/CuO/NC/AP composite is hollow compared to Al/CuO/NC composite after reaction. Al NPs and CuO NPs reduce the decomposition temperature and facilitate the rapid decomposition of the AP, and the decomposition products of AP can destroy the oxidation layer of Al NPs. This result facilitates the further conduct of the thermite reaction. The relationship between Al/CuO/NC composites and AP is interaction. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.We develop nano-bridged nanosphere lithography (NB-NSL), a modification to the widely used conventional nanosphere lithography (NSL). Nano-bridges between the polystyrene (PS) spheres of a pristine NSL template are controllably formed in a two-step process (i) spin-coating of a dilute styrene solution on top of the template followed by (ii) oxygen plasma etching of the template. We show that the nanobridge dimensions can be precisely tuned by controlling the pre-processing conditions and the plasma etching time. The resulting lithography templates feature control over the shape and size of the apertures, which determine the morphology of the final nano-island arrays after material deposition and template removal. The unique advantage of NB-NSL is, that PS particle templates based on a single PS particle diameter can be utilized for the fabrication of a variation of nano-island shapes and sizes, whereas conventional NSL yields only bow-tie shaped nano-island with their size being predetermined by the PS particle diameter of the template.