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Most of the countries (57.44%) were classified as 'Enzootic'. The percentage of countries reporting the disease presence slightly increased along the study period, probably due to the improvement of PTB monitoring, rather than to a deterioration of the epidemiological situation of the disease in Europe. Results of the model account for different dynamics in the number of outbreaks reported by 'Enzootic' and 'Epizootic' countries.This article is part of the "Exploring the Evidence Focusing on the Fundamentals" series. It provides nephrology nurses with basic principles related to writing for publication, information regarding different types of professional articles that may be used for the dissemination of nursing knowledge, as well as steps to follow and issues to consider in the planning and preparation of a manuscript. Copyright© by the American Nephrology Nurses Association.Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is incurable and occurs once in every 1,000 births. Confirmation of AKPKD is made through imaging and a positive family history. Symptoms typically appear in mid-life and include kidney, side, and/or back pain related to the rupture of kidney cysts, renal stones, infection, pressure of cysts against other organs, and stretching of the renal capsule. In addition to end stage renal disease, cerebral aneurysm may also be a threat to individuals with this diagnosis. Recent clinical trials have shown that tolvaptan, a vasopressin-2 receptor antagonist, produced a moderate to significant reduction in total kidney volume and improved function, leading to its recent approval by the U.S. Federal Drug Administration for treatment of patients with ADPKD. This article provides a comprehensive look at the pathophysiology of ADPKD, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of tolvaptan, and tolvaptan's clinical implications, effects, and contraindications. In addition, we present a case study discussing tolvaptan's clinical usefulness and address patient concerns in an adult presenting with rapidly progressing ADPKD. Copyright© by the American Nephrology Nurses Association.Patient safety is an important foundation of high-quality care. Yet little is known regarding the effects of nursing indicators on patient safety in dialysis units. The purpose of this study was to examine interrelationships among registered nurse (RN) staffing, workload, nursing care left undone, and patient safety outcomes in hemodialysis settings. The sample consisted of 104 staff nurses who worked in hemodialysis facilities and completed a mailed survey. Low RN staffing, high RN workloads, and RN nursing care left undone were significantly associated with unsafe patient shift change periods and low safety ratings. Care left undone was an indirect pathway through which low RN staffing and high workloads impacted safety. Patient safety in hemodialysis units can be enhanced by ensuring adequate RN staffing and reasonable RN workloads, as well as redesigning responsibilities so RNs can complete necessary care activities. Copyright© by the American Nephrology Nurses Association.The COVID-19 pandemic is a situation of great magnitude that most of us have not experienced in our lifetime. Pandemics are widespread, affecting many geographical areas, and uncertainty is inherent given the rapidly changing situations. As nurses in dialysis providing a life-sustaining therapy, we are required to provide an essential service during pandemics and need to thrive in the uncertainty. This article offers points for consideration that can assist nephrology nurses in their approach to these uncertain times. Copyright© by the American Nephrology Nurses Association.The Northwest Kidney Center (NWC) in Seattle, Washington, has been a leader in nephrology care for almost 60 years, opening the first hemodialysis unit in the United States in 1962. In February 2020, one of their patients was the first reported death from COVID-19 in the United States. On April 6, 2020, as a part of NNJ Extra - the Nephrology Nursing Journal's podcast series, Beth Ulrich, EdD, RN, FACHE, FAONL, FAAN, Editor-in-Chief of the Nephrology Nursing Journal, talked with the leaders of the Northwest Kidney Centers - Suzanne Watnick, MD, the Chief Medical Officer, and Liz McNamara, MN, RN, Vice President of Patient Care Services and the Chief Nursing Officer, who discussed dealing with the onset of COVID-19 at NWC, how their team worked together to provide care for their patients and support for their staff members, and the lessons they learned that can benefit others. Copyright© by the American Nephrology Nurses Association.INTRODUCTION Despite completing complex movements under cardiovascular and muscular fatigued conditions, CrossFit suggested safety of participants is one of the most important factors to consider. Therefore, the aim of this brief review is to provide an overview of the injury incidence and incidence rates reported in the current literature as well as to assess the injury risks associated with CrossFit. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Research papers were searched using the following databases Scopus, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, PubMed, and MEDLINE. The search identified 718 potential articles across all databases. After the application of inclusion criteria, a total of 14 articles were included in this review. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS The shoulder, spine, and knee are the most commonly injured areas in CrossFit. Injury incidence of each study ranges from 12.8-73.5% and reported injury rates ranging from 0.27-3.3/1000 training hours. CONCLUSIONS Reported findings in the current literature would suggest CrossFit has a relatively low injury risk. The current review highlights three important factors associated with injury incidence and incidence rates in CrossFit 1) training frequency, 2) duration of CrossFit experience, 3) individuals that compete in CrossFit competitions. Due to recall bias and selection bias further research is warranted over a longitudinal prospective study. Additionally, further research is needed to investigate mechanisms of injury and the relationship between training load and injury risk in CrossFit.BACKGROUND High-intensity intermittent training (HIIT) has increased in popularity due to being time-efficient mode of exercise. Previous HIIT studies have mainly focused on percentage of fat loss, fat mass loss, and weight loss. However, enhancing muscle protein synthesis induced by HIIT that results in muscular morphological adaptations is a potential benefit of HIIT. This study compared the effects of two HIIT protocols on muscular morphological adaptations. METHODS Thirty-four recreationally active participants were randomly assigned to 10-5-HIIT and 20- 10-HIIT to complete 6 sets of 6 intervals. The 10-5-HIIT and 20-10-HIIT protocols were performed with 10s5s and 20s10s exercise-to-rest ratios and provided with 1- and 2-min recovery periods between sets, respectively. Muscle cross-sectional area (mCSA) and echo intensity (EI) of the rectus femoris (RF) and vastus lateralis (VL) were assessed via B-mode ultrasonography before and after intervention. Two-way mixed factorial ANOVAs were used for analyses. RESULTS The 10-5-HIIT and 20-10-HIIT groups significantly (p 0.05) change was observed for the EI of the RF and VL. CONCLUSIONS Whole-body HIIT can be a time-efficient exercise modality to elicit muscular morphological adaptations in the RF and VL muscles. The 10-5-HIIT protocol induced benefits comparable to those of the 20-10-HIIT, while it reduced the total exercise time by 50%.BACKGROUND Physical inactivity and sedentary behavior are common among middle and high school grade children. This study aimed to determine the relationship among body mass index (BMI), sedentary behavior, physical activity (PA), and overall academic performance of students. METHODS This is a cross section study; three hundred and fifty-seven students of mean age 12.65±1.68 years were enrolled. PA was subjectively assessed using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C) and Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire (GLTEQ). Sedentary behavior was assessed as hours spent on watching television, playing video games, computer use, and homework. Grade point average (GPA) was calculated to determine their overall academic performance. Participants were divided into two groups based on their GPA. Independent t-test was used to analyze BMI, sedentary time, and PA between the groups. Correlation analysis was performed to determine the associations among BMI, sedentary time, physical activity, and academic grades. RESULTS There was no significant difference in BMI and the level of PA between the two groups. However, significant differences were observed in sedentary time spent watching television (p=0.04), total screen time (p=0.02), and total sedentary time (p=0.002). There were weak negative correlations among BMI (r=-0.14, p less then 0.05), total screen time (r=-0.12, p less then 0.05), and academic scores; however, there was no association with any PA measures. CONCLUSIONS A weak correlation was noted between BMI and sedentary characteristics, with respect to academic performance. As academic performance is negatively associated with body mass index and screen time, public health interventions are needed to reduce their time spent on leisure time sedentary activity, watching television, and computer use.BACKGROUND We have previously evaluated muscle functions and morphology in power athletes of long term (5 to15 years) abuse of anabolic androgen steroids (AAS; Doped) and in clean power athletes (Clean), and observed significant improvements in both muscle morphology and muscle functions in Doped. To our knowledge, the effects of long term AAS abuse on human muscle protein profile have never been studied. METHODS The study examined further the muscle biopsies using a two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D DIGE) for proteomic screening and protein expression. Cellular localization/distribution of specific proteins identified by proteomic analysis was examined using immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS Different protein profiles were observed between Doped and Clean, and a valid orthogonal projection of latent structure discriminant analysis model was built (N = 16, X = 5, R2 = 0.88/Q2 = 0.84, p = 0.0005), which separated Doped from Clean. Liquid chromatography followed by tandem spectrometry identified 14 protein spots (representing nine different proteins) of significant difference in relative quantity (p less then 0.05), of which nine spots were down-regulated in Doped compared with Clean. IHC revealed no significant alteration in cellular localization in phosphoglucomutase-1 and heat shock protein beta-1, but indeed in two reference proteins desmin and F-actin in Doped. CONCLUSIONS Long term abuse of AAS in combination with training is potentially associated with alterations in skeletal muscle protein profile and protein expression, and structural proteins rather than non-structural proteins are preferentially affected in cellular localization/distribution.The carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) has got global attention as a notorious nosocomial pathogen. Selleckchem CP21 This study describes a case of urinary tract infection in a 2-years old pet female cat infected with A. baumannii. The susceptibility profiling, screening for the resistance determinants, and the multilocus sequence typing was performed. The A. baumannii isolate was found to harbor the blaOXA23-like gene and corresponded to International clone II that has been widely reported to be involved in human infections. The study proposes that the pets may contribute towards the spread of clinically relevant antimicrobial-resistant pathogens.