Thranekromann5153
Previous research suggests that muscle strength exercise is the most effective rehabilitation methods in patients with patellofemoral pain (PFP). This systematic review with meta-analysis compared the effects of Hip&Knee, Hip-only and Knee-only exercise programs on pain relief, muscle strength, and functional performance in patients with PFP.
Literature searches of PubMed, PEDro and CINAHL databases revealed twenty-one studies included in the final descriptive review, thirteen of which were included in the meta-analysis. Data extraction included baseline and post-intervention means and standard deviations of all eligible outcome measures both for the intervention and control groups, participants baseline demographics and intervention characteristics.
The results showed that Hip&Knee and Hip-only exercise programs were comparatively effective, while the Knee-only exercise programs proved to be inferior to the above-mentioned approaches. The Hip&Knee exercise programs showed the greatest pain relief (mean difference = -1.71 (-3.11, -0.30); p = 0.02; I
= 96%) and functional improvement (standardized mean difference = 1.28 (0.45, 2.12); p = 0.003; I
= 84%), although the subgroup analysis did not show any significant difference compared to Hip-only exercise programs (p > 0.05).
Overall, Hip&Knee exercise programs appear to reduce pain and improve function more than other exercise programs and could be used as a primary rehabilitation approach in patients with PFP. However, the difference between the subgroups in most outcome measures suggests that Hip&Knee exercise programs are no more effective than Hip-only exercise programs.
Overall, Hip&Knee exercise programs appear to reduce pain and improve function more than other exercise programs and could be used as a primary rehabilitation approach in patients with PFP. However, the difference between the subgroups in most outcome measures suggests that Hip&Knee exercise programs are no more effective than Hip-only exercise programs.Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a group of diseases in the oral and maxillofacial region that can manifest as acute or chronic persistent pain, affecting millions of people worldwide. Although hundreds of studies have explored mechanisms and treatments underlying TMD, multiple pathogenic factors and diverse clinical manifestations make it still poorly managed. Appropriate animal models are helpful to study the pathogenesis of TMD and explore effective treatment measures. At present, due to the high cost of obtaining large animals, rodents and rabbits are often used to prepare TMD animal models. Over the past decade, various animal models have been intensively developed to understand neurobiological and molecular mechanisms of TMD, and seek effective treatments. Although these models cannot carry out all clinical features, they are valuable in revealing the mechanisms of TMD and creating curative access. selleck chemicals Currently, there are multitudinous animal models of TMD research. They can be constructed in different means and summarized into four ways according to the various causes and symptoms, including chemical induction (intra-articular injection of ovalbumin, collagenase, formalin, vascular endothelial growth factor, intramuscular injection of complete Freund's adjuvant, etc.), mechanical stress stimulation (passive mouth opening, change of chewing load), surgical operation (partial disc resection, joint disc perforation) and psychological stress induction. Here, we summarize and discuss different approaches of animal models for determining neurophysiological and mechanical mechanisms of TMD and assess their advantages and limitations, respectively.
Migraine is the second-leading cause of disability worldwide. It is often characterized by attacks of severe, mostly unilateral, pulsating headache associated with symptoms such as photophobia, phonophobia, nausea, vomiting, and cutaneous allodynia. Acupuncture therapy has been used worldwide for the treatment of migraine. However, no visual bibliometric analysis has been conducted on the effects of acupuncture on migraine over the past 20 years. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the current status and trends on the use of acupuncture in the treatment of migraine from 2000 to 2020.
The objective of this study is to identify the current status and emerging trends of the global use of acupuncture on migraine from 2000 to 2020 using CiteSpace and VOSviewer.
Web of Science databases were searched for publications related to acupuncture therapy for treating migraine between 2000 and 2020. CiteSpace and VOSviewer were used to analyze the number of publications per year, countries, institutions, authors, on migraine using bibliometric methods and identified the statement and research frontiers over the past two decades. This may help researchers to identify potential hotspots and new directions for future research in this field.
The present study examined the research-related trend in acupuncture therapy on migraine using bibliometric methods and identified the statement and research frontiers over the past two decades. This may help researchers to identify potential hotspots and new directions for future research in this field.
Serotonin (5-HT) is highly associated with pain modulation. The human 5-HT transporter (5-HTT) gene (SLC6A4) features several polymorphisms in its promoter region (5-HTTLPR) that affect the 5-HTT expression. The S allele of 5-HTTLPR induces low 5-HT tone, and it may influence the modulation of chronic pain. Meanwhile, pain occurs in 40-50% of patients after thoracic surgery, and its mechanism remains under investigation. This study assessed the role of 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms in postthoracotomy pain severity.
A total of 178 patients undergoing pneumonectomy were enrolled. The genotypes of 5-HTTLPR were divided into two groups S/S group and S/L or L/L group. Linear mixed-effects models were used to assess the association between 5-HTTLPR genotypes and the numerical rating scale (NRS) score change over time.
Among the participants, data were obtained for 162 patients. The genotype distribution was as follows S/S, 67.3%; S/L or L/L, 32.7%. No significant difference in patient characteristics was found between the genotype groups. There was no significant interaction between the 5-HTTLPR genotypes and the NRS score change over time (p = 0.842).
Polymorphisms in 5-HTTLPR were not associated with postthoracotomy pain severity.
Polymorphisms in 5-HTTLPR were not associated with postthoracotomy pain severity.Over the past year our attention has inevitably been on the coronavirus pandemic, the health and welfare of our families, patients, and office staffs as well as the re-opening of our dental practices. In addition, the opioid crisis continues, is very likely to worsen as a result of the pandemic and continues to be a challenge to Dentistry. National public health issues and healthcare disparities continue and have created a global concern for providing evidence-based, adequate pain management in the dental setting. We have brought together a group of national thought leaders and experts in this field who will share their insights on the current state of opioid prescribing in Dentistry and describe some of the exciting work being done in advancing pain management. The learning objectives for this conference proceedings were Describing the implications of current public health concerns for safe and effective pain management in dental medicine.Identifying risk factors and understanding the current guidelines for the use of opioid and non-opioid medications in dental medicine.Analyzing the interprofessional collaborations necessary for effective pain management in dental medicine.Recognizing the challenges and opportunities brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic for the dental profession.Applying evidence-based strategies for managing the complex pain patient in the dental setting.Appraising new and future modalities for the assessment and management of orofacial pain.Health care providers in the United States are facing challenges in selecting appropriate medication for patients with acute and chronic pain in the midst of the current opioid crisis and COVID-19 pandemic. When compared with conventional opioids, the partial µ-opioid receptor agonist buprenorphine has unique pharmacologic properties that may be more desirable for pain management. The formulations of buprenorphine approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for pain management include intravenous injection, transdermal patch, and buccal film. A comparison of efficacy and safety data from studies of buprenorphine and conventional opioids suggests that buprenorphine may be a better-tolerated treatment option for many patients that provides similar or superior analgesia. Our benefit-risk assessment in this narrative review suggests that health care providers should consider that buprenorphine may be an appropriate alternative for pain management over other opioids.
Electromechanical coupling may play a significant role in the association between abnormal myocardial mechanics and heterogeneity of repolarization. This study sought to assess the potential relationship between the left atrial volume index (LAVI), which is an important marker of cardiac diastolic function, and ventricular repolarization variables, such as the QT interval, Tpeak-to-Tend (Tpe) interval and Tpe/QT ratio, in an apparently healthy Chinese population.
This was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted in Shenyang, China. A total of 414 healthy subjects aged 35-91 years, including 186 men (44.9%), were enrolled. In addition to performing clinical and laboratory measurements, all subjects underwent comprehensive echocardiography and standard 12-lead electrocardiography. Echocardiographic and electrocardiographic results were analysed separately and in a blinded fashion. Correlation and regression analyses were applied to determine associations.
Subjects were divided into four groups according to quartile of LAVI levels (<16.0, 16.0-18.9, 19.0-22.5 and >22.5 mL/m
). Ventricular repolarization variables, such as QT interval and QTc interval, gradually increased with the progression from low to high LAVI levels (P<0.05). LAVI was positively and significantly correlated with the QT interval, the QTc interval, and the Tpe interval (P<0.01). After adjusting for age and other possible confounders, LAVI showed significant and independent associations with the QT interval and the QTc interval (P<0.001; P=0.003).
Echocardiographic LAVI is linearly associated with ventricular repolarization variables even in healthy people.
Echocardiographic LAVI is linearly associated with ventricular repolarization variables even in healthy people.
To explore the brain regions with higher functional connectivity with the cerebellum at resting state and the brain functions related to cognitive function in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Thirty children with ADHD and 33 typically developing children (TDC) were examined using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans. Seed-based functional connectivity (FC) analysis was performed.
Four brain areas with higher FC values were identified in ADHD children. These four areas were the left middle frontal gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus, right superior temporal gyrus and left parahippocampal gyrus (P < 0.05). The results of the CPT show that the number of omission errors was significantly higher in the children with ADHD than in the TD group (5.13±5.12 vs 2.18±2.36, P = 0.000). The commission number in the ADHD group was also significantly higher than that of the TD group (4.03±6.56 vs 2.00±2.85, P = 0.002). However, no statistically significant difference was observed in the correct reaction time between the two groups (641.
