Coatesjohnston1818

The lagomorph infecting Treponema paraluisleporidarum is a close relative of the human syphilis-bacterium Treponema pallidum. There is a paucity of information on the epidemiology of hare syphilis and its relationship to the rabbit- and human-infecting treponemes that cause syphilis. In our study, we tested 734 serum samples from European brown hares (Lepus europaeus) collected between 2007 and 2019 in the federal state of Lower Saxony, Germany, for the presence of antibodies against Treponema paraluisleporidarum. Since T. paraluisleporidarum cross-reacts with T. pallidum antigen, we used a commercially available Treponema pallidum particle agglutination (TPPA) to test for the presence of antibodies. A high seropositivity (n = 405/734) was detected. An additional 233 serum samples were retested using a fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test to confirm the results of the TPPA assay. Our results show that infection is widespread in Lower Saxony and suggest a horizontal (sexual) transmission mode since adult hares show significantly higher seropositivity than juveniles (odds ratio 0.03 [95% CI 0.02-0.05], p  less then  .0001). No difference was detected based on gender (odds ratio 0.79 [95% Cl 0.58-1.07], p = .1283). Further studies are warranted to genetically characterise the T. paraluisleporidarum strains that infect wild hares. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Glucose is the most abundant monosaccharide, and an essential source of energy for most living cells. Glucose transport across the cell membrane is mediated by two types of transporters facilitative glucose transporters (GLUTs, gene name solute-carrier (SLC)2A) and sodium glucose co-transporters (SGLTs, gene name SLC5A). Each transporter has its own substrate specificity, distribution, and regulatory mechanisms. Recently, sodium glucose co-transporter (SGLT)1 and SGLT2 have attracted much attention as therapeutic targets for various diseases. This review addresses the basal and functional properties of GLUTs and SGLTs and describes the pharmaceutical potential of SGLT1 and SGLT2. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Ataluren promotes ribosomal readthrough of premature termination codons in mRNA which result from nonsense mutations. In vitro studies were performed to characterize the metabolism and enzyme kinetics of ataluren and its interaction potential with CYP enzymes. Incubation of [14 C]-ataluren with human liver microsomes indicated that the major metabolic pathway for ataluren is via direct glucuronidation and that the drug is not metabolized via cytochrome P450 (CYP). Glucuronidation was also observed in the incubation in human intestinal and kidney microsomes, but not in human pulmonary microsomes. UGT1A9 was found to be the major uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) responsible for ataluren glucuronidation in the liver and kidney microsomes. Enzyme kinetic analysis of the formation of ataluren acyl glucuronide, performed in human liver, kidney, and intestinal microsomes and recombinant human UGT1A9, found that increasing bovine serum albumin (BSA) levels enhanced the glucuronidation Michaelis-Menten constant (Km ) and ataluren protein binding but had a minimal effect on maximum velocity (Vmax ) of glucuronidation. Due to the decreased unbound Michaelis-Menten constant (Km,u ), the ataluren unbound intrinsic clearance (CLint,u ) increased for all experimental systems and BSA concentrations. Human kidney microsomes were about 3.7-fold more active than human liver microsomes, in terms of CLint,u /mg protein, indicating that the kidney is also a key organ for the metabolism and disposition of ataluren in humans. Ataluren showed no or little potential to inhibit or induce most of the CYP enzymes. © 2020 The Authors. Pharmacology Research & Perspectives published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd, British Pharmacological Society and American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.BACKGROUND Although 18 F-FDG-PET/CT is a widely used diagnostic tool for several malignancies, its efficacy in diagnosing pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors is reported to be controversial because of the short-term follow-up. METHODS We retrospectively compared demographics and pathological features between 18 F-FDG-positive and -negative diseases. Additionally, we evaluated whether the avidity of 18 F-FDG-PET/CT affected earlier recurrence after curative treatment of non-functioning tumors. The median duration of observation was 65.6 months. RESULTS Seventy-two patients were enrolled. 18 F-FDG-positive diseases were pathologically advanced and significantly associated with metastatic behavior. In a multivariate analysis, metastatic behavior and WHO tumor grade was independently associated with 18 F-FDG accumulation. Only 25% of functional tumors (4/16) and 8% of insulinomas (1/12) were 18 F-FDG-positive. In a Kaplan-Meier analysis in patients with non-functioning tumors (n=56), 18 F-FDG positivity was significantly correlated with poorer recurrence-free survival (RFS) but had no correlation with overall survival.. In univariate analysis of factors associated with shorter RFS, male gender, prevalence of nodal metastasis, WHO tumor grade≥G2, or 18 F-FDG-positive disease were significantly higher in patients with shorter RFS, whereas only 18 F-FDG-positivity was associated with shorter RFS in multivariate analyses. CONCLUSIONS The avidity of 18 F-FDG-PET/CT was associated with metastatic behavior of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and recurrence after treatment of non-functioning tumors. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.AIM The aim of this study was to explore shared decision-making among residents, their families and staff to determine relevant strategies to support shared decision-making in long-term care (LTC). BACKGROUND Meaningful engagement of long-term care home (LTCH) residents and their families in care decisions is key in the provision of quality of care. Shared decision-making is an interprofessional approach to increasing resident and family engagement in care decisions which can lead to higher quality decisions, more relevant care interventions and greater resident, family, and staff satisfaction. Despite these advantages, shared decision-making has not been widely implemented in practice in LTC. METHODS The study took place in one LTCH in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. A qualitative descriptive design was used to explore how residents, family members and staff described how they collaborate when making decisions concerning resident care, and their perceptions of facilitators and challenges to a collaborative approacade can facilitate shared decision-making in LTCHs. The strategies identified from this study could be further co-developed and implemented in LTCHs. © 2020 The Authors. International Journal of Older People Nursing published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.We are facing a global pandemic in relation to coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). Emergency preparedness plans often do not consider issues specific to inpatient rehabilitation facilities. The CAN model can be used to prepare for natural disasters, including the COVID-19 pandemic. This report was created to aid specialists in acute Inpatient Rehabilitation Facilities. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND Thymic epithelial tumors (TET) are frequently eligible for curative-intent surgical resection. For locally advanced TETs, chemotherapy has been used to both reduce the tumor burden and achieve prolonged disease control. However, effective therapy for this disease largely remains to be determined. Here, we report the chemosensitivity of 100 patients with TETs determined by the collagen gel droplet embedded culture-drug sensitivity test (CD-DST). METHODS A total of 100 patients with TETs underwent surgical resection. The efficacy of antitumor agents on TET cells was tested by CD-DST. RESULTS Thymic epithelial tumors were pathologically confirmed after surgery two cases were type A thymoma, 17 were type AB, 12 were type B1, 44 were type B2, 12 were type B3, and there were 13 cases with thymic carcinoma. A total of 36% patients with TETs were sensitive to different types of chemotherapeutic agents. There was no significant differences in age, histological type, clinical staging, or association with autoimmune diseases between sensitive and nonsensitive cases. Type B1 and B2 thymoma were relatively more sensitive to chemotherapeutic agents (6/12 and 18/44, respectively), while sensitivity of type B3 cases to chemotherapeutic agents was much lower (only 2/12). Cases with type A thymoma were not sensitive to any antitumor drugs. Among 11 chemotherapeutic agents tested in our study, the sensitivity of TETs to EPI was the highest (16%). No patients with thymoma were sensitive to Alimta (Pemetrexed). CONCLUSIONS Our work illuminates the effectiveness of chemotherapy for TETs and provides important clues for choosing antitumor drugs with relatively high drug sensitivity to TETs in advance. © 2020 The Authors. Thoracic Cancer published by China Lung Oncology Group and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.OBJECTIVES Not so long ago, a novel phenotypic classification of multiple sclerosis (MS) and revisions to the McDonald diagnostic criteria were published. Good quality, standardized, and therefore comparable epidemiological data from the Central European region altogether are scarce, and data based on the aforementioned criteria are nonexistent; thus, an update is needed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients residing in Csongrád county with a definitive diagnosis of MS according to the 2017 McDonald criteria were included and evaluated by the 2014 revised phenotypic classification. RESULTS A total of 420 patients were included, of whom 313 were females (female/male ratio 2.9251). Standardized prevalence was 101.8/100,000, and incidence was 4.44/100,000. Akt inhibitor Relapsing-remitting disease type was identified in 288 (68.57%) cases, of which 230 patients (79.86%) were treated and of which 202 patients (87.8%) showed no disease activity with their current treatment. Progressive disease type was seen in 132 (31.43%) cases, with 72 patients (54.54%) receiving treatment. More than half of the treated patients (178, 57%) were administered platform therapies, while 134 (43%) received highly active disease modifying therapies. CONCLUSION The prevalence of MS in Hungary similarly to other countries shows a constant increase in the past decades. The majority of our patients received treatment and had a stable disease while being treated. The distribution of disease courses, phenotypes, and treatment status fell in line with data in the literature based on MS registries with a large number of participants. Ours is the first study to give epidemiological data based on the most recent McDonald criteria and phenotypic classification from the Central European region. © 2020 The Authors. Brain and Behavior published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.AIMS The current study sought to determine what factors inhibited psychologists, naturopaths and fitness instructors from detecting an eating disorder (ED), and the discipline differences across these factors. METHODS Participants of the online study were 115 health practitioners who consisted of 35 psychologists, 50 naturopathic and 30 fitness practitioners. A vignette describing a female experiencing a sub-threshold bulimic variant without purging was presented alongside ED mental health literacy items such as assessing one's ability to detect a problem. Additional items examined factors that may inhibit detection, including practitioners' level of thin-ideal internalization, orthorexia, health or fitness mindset (a newly developed scale measuring health and fitness obsessiveness) and gender role identity. RESULTS A significant number of naturopaths and fitness instructors (20% and 33.3%, respectively) were found to have elevated orthorexia scores. Similarly, psychologists had the greatest tendency to internalize the thin-ideal (M = 3.