Lambertnoer2801
7% in T. obliquus under SMF than that of the control (p less then 0.05), while no significant changes were observed in either the protein or the lipid. SMF applied for the two microalgae had negative effects on the fatty acids (MUFAs, PUFAs, and TFAs). The results indicated that SMF could not only significantly accelerate the growth of the two microalgae, but also influence their metabolites.Fossil fuels are sharing a large portion of energy demand. Conventional energy sources emit a huge amount of greenhouse gas into the atmosphere, which creates energy and environmental challenges for the ecosystem. To fulfill the world energy demand and to support environmental as well as economic development in a sustainable way, with the utilization of technological advancement of renewable energy resources, algae are presently believed as most adaptable feedstock materials for bioenergy production. Algae has a high fixation rate of atmospheric carbon dioxide which supports to fast growth rate with high productivity per unit area in the form of renewable algal biomass. The present article aims to elaborate on the three generations of biofuels, sustainable microalgae biomass production, cultivation systems, and a wide range of growth parameters. The microalgae harvesting methods and their challenges are also discussed, with a special focus on lipid extraction methods and future r recommendations. The upstream and downstream processes of microalgae could help to harness the microalgae energy in an eco-friendly manner and will help in achieving overall sustainable development.In various natural ecosystems, bacteria most often live in a sessile state enchased in a self-produced extracellular matrix forming biofilms. Due to their either negative or positive impact on different aspects of our daily life, the number of studies devoted to biofilms is increasing. Most research is based on biofilms formed by a single bacterial species. These simple models allowed the understanding of the mechanisms involved in biofilms formation and regulation. This likewise helped the development of several means to control the biofilms formation. However, these models do not closely mimic the natural biofilms known as biochemically and microbiologically heterogeneous and dynamic structures. For this reason, current studies focus more on multispecies biofilms using complex models to best approximate the natural environment. In this review, we addressed on available examples of multispecies biofilms in different domains to illustrate the complexity and organization of life within a consortium. Finally, we review the most used analytical techniques to study multispecies biofilms highlighting the need of multi-scale strategies to better decipher this complex lifestyle.The microbiologically induced calcite precipitation (MICP) can be an emerging approach that could tap onto soil bacterial diversity and use as a bioremediation technique. Based on the concept that bacteria with biomineralization capacity could be effective CaCO3 inductance agents, this study aimed to evaluate the simultaneous influence of 11 operational and environmental factors on the MICP process, for the first time. Therefore, Bacillus muralis, B. lentus, B. simplex, B. firmus, and B. licheniformis, isolated from alkaline soils, were used in the selection of the best performing bacterium compared with a well-known MICP bioagent Sporosarcina pasteurii DSM 33. Plackett-Burman's experimental design was labouring to screen all independent variables for their significances on five outputs (pH value, number of viable cells and spores, amount of urea and CaCO3 precipitate). According to experimentally obtained data, an artificial neural network model based on the Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno algorithm showed good prediction capabilities, while differences in the relative influences were observed at the bacterial strain level. B. licheniformis turn out to be the most potent bioagent, with a maximum amount of CaCO3 precipitate of 3.14 g/100 mL in the optimal conditions.The nanobiotechnology, one heck of a biotechnology approach, is considered as a focal point in drug delivery systems. Although, plenty of novel approaches are reported in this area, it tackles with strict challenged which confine its broad application. Therefore, there is a need to dig deep into it along with all details. Here, a novel nanobiotechnology approach is described in detail for synthesis and characterization of phase shift dextran stabilized nanodroplets for ultrasound-induced cancer therapy. The aim of this work was to study the effect of parameters including homogenization speed and formulation of dextran and surfactant concentrations on particle size, entrapment efficiency and drug release kinetics of dextran stabilized perfluorohexane nanodroplets containing doxorubicin (Dox) drug. The obtained results showed that the particle size and encapsulation efficiency significantly increased by increasing polymer concentration. In addition, by increasing the homogenization speed, the particle size was increased while entrapment efficiency was decreased. On the other hand, by increasing the surfactant concentration, the particle size and entrapment efficiency reached to optimum values of 47.2 nm and 80.2%, respectively. In vitro release profile of doxorubicin was an apparently biphasic release process and 7-13% of drug was released after 24 h incubation in PBS with pH of 5.5, depending on the nanodroplets (ND) composition. Ultrasound exposure for 10 min resulted in triggered release of 82.95% of Dox from optimal formulation of sample C3 (0.1%w/v dextran, homogenization speed of 24000 rpm and Dox content of 500 µg).
To determine associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) at age 5 years and healthcare utilization patterns at age 9years.
We conducted a secondary analysis using longitudinal data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. Caregivers (n=2521) provided data on their child's ACEs at age 5years and on 4 types of healthcare utilization at age 9years past-year well visits, dental visits, primary care sick visits for injury or illness, and emergency room (ER) visits. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between ACEs at age 5 and each type of healthcare utilization, adjusting for relevant sociodemographic covariates.
Among the 2521 children (51% male, 48% Non-Hispanic Black), 77% had ≥1 ACE at age 5. Children with ≥4 ACEs had lower odds of a dental visit (aOR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.29-0.91) and higher odds of a primary care sick visit (aOR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.20-2.64) and an ER visit (aOR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.11-2.59) compared with children with no reported ACEs.
Our findings demonstrate suboptimal healthcare utilization patterns among families with ACEs and indicate a need for targeted interventions that support appropriate healthcare utilization for children who endure adversity.
Our findings demonstrate suboptimal healthcare utilization patterns among families with ACEs and indicate a need for targeted interventions that support appropriate healthcare utilization for children who endure adversity.
To assess measles experience, practice, and knowledge by pediatricians in the context of resurgent US outbreaks in 2018-2019.
A nationally representative network of pediatricians were surveyed by email and mail from January to April2020.
The response rate was 67% (297 of 444). In the 3years preceding the survey, 52% of the respondents reported awareness of measles cases in/near their community. Most thought that media reports about recent measles outbreaks had decreased delay/refusal of measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine (6% "greatly decreased"; 66% "moderately decreased"). More than 60% of the pediatricians responded correctly for 6 of 9 true/false measles knowledge items. Less than 50% responded correctly for 3 true/false items, including statements about pretravel MMR recommendations for a preschooler and measles isolation precautions. The most common resources that the pediatricians would "sometimes" or "often/always" consult for measles information were those from the American Academy of Peddations among pediatricians.
To study characteristics of oxygenation during the first 2 postnatal months and correlation with the occurrence and severity of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) among infants of extremely low birth weight.
This retrospective study analyzed the incidence and severity of hyperoxemia and hypoxemia while on respiratory support with or without supplemental oxygen among infants of extremely low birth weight (birth weight <1000g) admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit during 2016-2020. The findings were correlated with the occurrence and severity of ROP after adjusting for baseline covariates.
After adjusting for differences in baseline demographic and clinical features, the group with severe ROP was exposed to greater fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO
) (P=.001) and experienced more frequent FiO
titration adjustments (P=.001) compared with the group without ROP. Ambient air hyperoxemia occurred more frequently in the group without ROP (P=.003), and iatrogenic hyperoxemia occurred more frequently in further optimize oxygen saturation targeting in this high-risk population.
The purpose of this study is to explore the differences of resting EEG in children with autism spectrum disorders and then analyze the sensitive channels with significant differences, to provide support for the accurate differential diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
Based on the weighted multi-scale sample entropy (WMSSE) algorithm and amplitude synchronization index (ASI) algorithm of EEG, this paper comprehensively evaluates the brain state of ASD children from the two aspects of brain function complexity and brain function synchronization connectivity. Further, by combining the support vector machine (SVM) classification model to explore the location of abnormal channels of ASD children and realize the diagnosis of ASD children.
The WMSSE of the ASD group was lower than that of the healthy group. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the F3/F4 channels and F7/F8 channels (P<0.05), and the synchronization of the brain in the ASD group was also lower than that of the healthy s abnormal sensitive channels for ASD brain regulation. It also proves that the feature analysis of comprehensive complexity and synchronous connectivity is more conducive to the abnormal diagnosis of ASD patients.
In recent years, numerous studies on the brain-computer interface (BCI) have been published. However, the number of targets in most of the existing studies was not enough for many practical applications.
To achieve highly efficient communications, this study proposed a 120-target BCI system based on code-modulated visual evoked potentials (c-VEPs). Four 31-bit pseudorandom codes were used, and each code generated 30 targets by cyclic shift with a lag of 1bit.
In the online experiments, subjects could select one target in 1.04s (0.52s for stimulation and 0.52s for gaze shifting) with an average information transfer rate (ITR) of 265.74 bits/min.
The proposed system achieved more targets and higher ITR than other recent c-VEP based studies. which attributes to the optimal code combination and the 1-bit lag.
The results illustrate that the proposed BCI system can achieve a high ITR with a short stimulation time. In addition, the c-VEP paradigm can shorten the training time, which ensures practicality in real applications.
