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001). Immunohistochemical analysis of renal tissue revealed that the mean expression of CyPA was higher in the study group than in the control group. For the urinary 24-h CYP-A, using a cutoff of 1.15 ng/mL, the accuracy was 72.4%, sensitivity was (77.8%) and specificity was (67%).

According to this animal study, we proved that CyPA is a valuable marker for DN. It is a more sensitive, noninvasive and rapid biomarker for early detection of any renal affection in human diabetic patients.

According to this animal study, we proved that CyPA is a valuable marker for DN. It is a more sensitive, noninvasive and rapid biomarker for early detection of any renal affection in human diabetic patients.For over 100 years, the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) has been the cornerstone for detecting prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). In recent decades, controversies have arisen identifying internationally acceptable cut points using fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h post-load glucose (2-h PG), and/or HbA1c for defining intermediate hyperglycemia (prediabetes). Despite this, there has been a steadfast global consensus of the 2-h PG for defining dysglycemic states during the OGTT. This article reviews the history of the OGTT and recent advances in its application, including the glucose challenge test and mathematical modeling for determining the shape of the glucose curve. Pitfalls of the FPG, 2-h PG during the OGTT, and HbA1c are considered as well. Finally, the associations between the 30-minute and 1-hour plasma glucose (1-h PG) levels derived from the OGTT and incidence of diabetes and its complications will be reviewed. The considerable evidence base supports modifying current screening and diagnostic recommendations with the use of the 1-h PG. Measurement of the 1-h PG level could increase the likelihood of identifying high-risk individuals when the pancreatic ß-cell function is substantially more intact with the added practical advantage of potentially replacing the conventional 2-h OGTT making it more acceptable in the clinical setting.

The purpose of the paper was to perform a comparative analysis of the impact of T2DM on QoL, including specific ADDQoL domains and associations between QoL, selected socio-demographic factors (including gender, age, education, residence, marital status, professional activity) or clinical parameters (HbA1c levels, fasting blood glucose, BMI, duration of DM, complications, treatment used), in adult diabetic patients from Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The study group included 608 patients diagnosed with T2DM. There were 214 patients from Poland, 196 from the Czech Republic and 198 from Slovakia.

Overall, respondents from all three countries rated their QoL as good or very good. The mean scores for the item "If I did not have diabetes, my quality of life would be" were slightly higher for Poles than for Slovaks and Czechs. In the ADDQoL results, the weighted impact scores were negative for all domains. The lowest scores in all three countries were found for "freedom to eat" for all patients; the hie strongest in terms of the freedom to eat and dietary habits, regardless of the country. Education, past smoking, and concurrent heart failure were the only independent predictors of QoL in our study. This suggests a need for further research that would include more variables and a larger number of patients.

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between childhood maternal level of education (CMLE) and changes in anthropometric and laboratory risk markers of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in mid-adulthood using results from the 1958 British Birth Cohort Study.

Cohort study.

A total of 9376 study samples consisting of subjects that participated in the biomedical survey of the national child development study (NCDS) carried out between 2002 and 2004 were used for the analysis.

Five risk markers of MetS (i) HDL-cholesterol (ii) triglyceride (iii) blood pressure (BP) including systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) (iv) waist circumference (WC) and (v) glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c).

The NCDS or the 1958 British birth cohort data deposited in the UK data service by the centre for longitudinal studies were used for analyses. Ordinary least squares regression was used to determine unit changes in the outcome variables given CMLE.

The estimates for unadjusted regression analysis of individual risk markers indicated a significant relationship between CMLE and alterations in the five risk markers of MetS (HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, WC, HbA1c, and BP) in midlife. After adjustment for birth and lifestyle characteristics/health behaviours, the relationship between CMLE and the risk markers was attenuated for HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and HbA1c but remained significant for WC 0.70 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.065-1.30, p<0.001) and SBP 1.48 (95% CI 0.48-2.47 p<0.001).

There was a positive association between lower CMLE and the risk of MetS using the NCDS data. Lifestyle characteristics may be influential determinants of MetS risk in mid-adulthood.

There was a positive association between lower CMLE and the risk of MetS using the NCDS data. Lifestyle characteristics may be influential determinants of MetS risk in mid-adulthood.

The components of metabolic syndrome (MS) are risk factors for developing both cardiovascular disease (CVD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Strain (SI) and strain‑rate imaging (SRI) are able to recognize early changes in cardiac function. Vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) detect and quantify liver fibrosis and steatosis. We aimed to assess whether there is any correlation between liver fibrosis and steatosis and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in MS patients.

A total of 150 adults with MS were registered in the study. They were compared with a control group of 150 age- and sex-matched adults without MS. After the classic echocardiographic assessment of LV function, two-dimensional speckle echocardiography (2D-STE) was used to evaluate LV peak systolic strain (S) and peak systolic strain rate (SR), while liver steatosis and fibrosis were evaluated by VCTE and CAP.

LV diastolic dysfunction was significantly more frequent among thic steatosis and fibrosis increases significantly the risk for cardiac dysfunction in MS patients (P less then 0.0001).

Diabetic foot ulcer is among the commonest complications of diabetic mellitus attributed to a number of morbidity and mortality cases in diabetic patients. Nowadays, the incidence of diabetic foot ulcer is increasing due to the increased prevalence of diabetes. However, the risk factors of the problem are less studied in Ethiopia. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the determinants of diabetic foot ulcer among adult patients with diabetes attending a diabetic clinic in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in 2019.

An institution-based unmatched case-control study was conducted on 161 patients with diabetes (53 patients with diabetes with foot ulcer and 108 patients with diabetes without foot ulcer). Cases were selected from patients with diabetes with foot ulcer by consecutive sampling technique and controls from patients with diabetes without diabetic foot ulcer by systematic random sampling technique. A binary logistic regression model was used to assess the association betwer feet on a daily basis and do not put moisturizing cream between their toes.

Diabetic foot ulcer was significantly associated with occupation, kind of treatment of diabetes mellitus taking, peripheral neuropathy, inspecting feet daily, and putting moisturizing cream between toes. It will be helpful if diabetic patients inspect their feet on a daily basis and do not put moisturizing cream between their toes.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM] has been one of the common diseases and is characterized by increased blood glucose levels and suggested that cell-free non-coding RNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs) have been demonstrated to serve as important diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers in diabetes.

The present study included clinically confirmed newly diagnosed 200 cases of T2DM and 200 healthy subjects, and all the parameters were taken care in diagnosis. Blood samples collected in plain vials were used for cell-free total RNA extraction and after that 100ng of total RNA was used to synthesize the cDNA for cell-free lncRNA H19, miRNA-29a, and miRNA-29b expression using quantitative real-time PCR method. Serum Biochemical parameters were analyzed after collection of the sample to observe the changes among T2DM cases and healthy controls.

It was observed that type 2 diabetic patients had decreased [0.59 fold] lncRNA H19 expression while increased miRNA-29a [5.62 fold] and miRNA-29b [5.58 fold] expression. Decreased expresin pathogenesis disease.

The present study concluded that lower lncRNA H19 expression, and increased miRNA-29b, a miRNA-29b expression associated with the severity of T2DM patients. Decreased lncRNA H19 expression, and increased miRNA-29b, miRNA-29b expression observed to be interrelated with clinicopathological findings of T2DM patients could involve in pathogenesis disease.

Diabetes self-management behaviors are necessary to obtain optimum glycemic control, reduce the risk of complications, and improve health outcomes. The COVID-19 pandemic imposes an additional struggle for self-management by diabetes patients. Although previous studies have reported socio-demographic, behavioral, psychological, and cultural barriers to diabetes self-management, little is known about perceived barriers to diabetes self-management among patients during isolation following their recovery from COVID-19. The purpose of this study was to explore perceived barriers among type 2 diabetes patients during isolation following their recovery from COVID-19.

A qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive research design was utilized. Semi-structured telephonic interviews were conducted with 12 patients with diabetes who had been discharged from one COVID-19 designated hospital and underwent isolation in the designated facilities in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi's seven steps.

Barriers to diabetes self-management identified by patients with diabetes during isolation were categorized into five major themes inadequate knowledge and behavioral beliefs, shortage of resources, suffering from health problems, negative emotions, and lack of support.

Perceived barriers to diabetes self-management described by diabetes patients indicated a lack of environmental resources and support strategies to meet their needs. Efforts to remove barriers are important in assisting patients with diabetes to improve their quality of life and health outcomes.

Perceived barriers to diabetes self-management described by diabetes patients indicated a lack of environmental resources and support strategies to meet their needs. Efforts to remove barriers are important in assisting patients with diabetes to improve their quality of life and health outcomes.

The incidence of a diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is increasing over the previous decade with an increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM). Despite the increasing incidence of DFU, there is limited information about the problem in Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the incidence of DFU and its predictors among newly diagnosed DM patients who were on follow-up at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital.

Institution-based retrospective follow-up study was conducted at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital among newly diagnosed DM patients from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2018. A simple random sampling method was used to select 401 study participants from a total of 723 eligible population. Data was entered using Epi-Data version 3.1 and exported to STATA version 14 for analysis. The incidence rate was estimated using person-years of observation and Nelson-Aalen cumulative hazard function, showing the cumulative probability of diabetic foot ulcer, was done. The best model (Gompertz) was selected using the AIC and log-likelihood method.