Ellingtondamm2388

We identified substantial proportions of replicating cells in each cell line, assigned these cells to subclones detected among the G0/G1 population and used the proportion of replicating cells per subclone as a surrogate of each subclone's growth rate. © The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of NAR Genomics and Bioinformatics.Background Sensitive surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) allows for rapid detection of polio outbreaks and provides essential evidence to support certification of the eradication of polio. However, accurately assessing the sensitivity of surveillance systems can be difficult due to limitations in the reliability of available performance indicators, including the rate of detection of non-polio AFP and the proportion of adequate stool sample collection. Recent field reviews have found evidence of surveillance gaps despite indicators meeting expected targets. Methods We propose two simple new approaches for AFP surveillance performance indicator analysis to supplement standard indicator analysis approaches commonly used by the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) (1) using alternative groupings of low population districts in the country (spatial binning) and (2) flagging unusual patterns in surveillance data (surveillance flags analysis). Using GPEI data, we systematically compare AFP surveillance performance using standard indicator analysis and these new approaches. Results Applying spatial binning highlights areas meeting surveillance indicator targets that do not when analyzing performance of low population districts. Applying the surveillance flags we find several countries with unusual data patterns, in particular age groups which are not well-covered by the surveillance system, and countries with implausible rates of adequate stool specimen collection. Conclusions Analyzing alternate groupings of administrative units is a simple method to find areas where traditional AFP surveillance indicator targets are not reliably met. For areas where AFP surveillance indicator targets are met, systematic assessment of unusual patterns ('flags') can be a useful prompt for further investigation and field review. © 2020 The Author(s).Background We aimed to establish a Medical-Insurance-System-based Cancer Surveillance System (MIS-CASS) in China and evaluate the completeness and timeliness of this system through reporting cancer incidence rates using claims data in two regions in northern and southern China. Methods We extracted claims data from medical insurance systems in Hua County of Henan Province, and Shantou City in Guangdong Province in China from Jan 1, 2012 to Jun 30, 2019. These two regions have been considered to be high risk regions for oesophageal cancer. We developed a rigorous procedure to establish the MIS-CASS, which includes data extraction, cleaning, processing, case ascertainment, privacy protection, etc. Text-based diagnosis in conjunction with ICD-10 codes were used to determine cancer diagnosis. Findings In 2018, the overall age-standardised (Segi population) incidence rates (ASR World) of cancer in Hua County and Shantou City were 167·39/100,000 and 159·78/100,000 respectively. In both of these areas, lung cancer a Technology Bureau (190829105556145, 180918114960704). © 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd.in English, Turkish Amaç Bu çalışmanın amacı fare karaciğer, meme dokusu ve meme tümörü dokularındaki adiponektin sinyal yolağı ile ilişkili proteinlerin ekspresyon seviyelerinin belirlenmesidir. Adiponektin reseptörünün, AdipoR1 ve AdipoR2 olmak üzere memeli dokusunda belirlenmiş iki alt tipi vardır. Serum adiponektin seviyelerinin meme kanseri ile ilişkili olduğu bildirilmiştir. Fakat, adiponektin reseptörlerinin meme tümörü oluşumundaki rolü tam olarak ortaya konmamıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem MMTV-TGF-α transgenik fareler 10 haftalıktan 74 haftalığa kadar beslendi. Meme tümörü geliştiren ve geliştirmeyen 74 haftalık transgenik farelerin karaciğer, meme (MFP) ve meme tümörü (MT) dokularında adiponektin, AdipoR1 ve AdipoR2 proteinlerinin ekspresyon seviyeleri western blot yöntemi kullanılarak belirlendi. Adiponektin seviyesi ELISA yöntemi ile ölçüldü. Bulgular Adiponektin ve AdipoR1 protein ekspresyon seviyeleri MT geliştiren farelerde, MT geliştirmeyen farelere göre anlamlı olarak daha azdı. Fakat, MT-pozitif ve MT-negatif farelerin MT ve MFP dokularındaki AdipoR2 proteininin ekspresyon seviyeleri benzerdi. MT-pozitif ve MT-negatif farelerin karaciğer dokusundaki adiponectin, AdipoR1 ve AdipoR2 protein ekspresyon seviyeleri de benzerdi. Ek olarak, MT-pozitif ve MT-negatif farelerin serum adiponectin seviyeleri benzerdi. Sonuç Bu sonuçlar adiponektin ve reseptörlerinin analiz edilen dokuya spesifik bağımlı olarak düzenlendiğini işaret etmektedir. Ayrıca, AdipoR1 ve adiponectin MT gelişiminde önemli rol oynuyor olabilir.The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic emerged in Wuhan, China, spread nationwide and then onto half a dozen other countries between December 2019 and early 2020. The implementation of unprecedented strict quarantine measures in China has kept a large number of people in isolation and affected many aspects of people's lives. It has also triggered a wide variety of psychological problems, such as panic disorder, anxiety and depression. This study is the first nationwide large-scale survey of psychological distress in the general population of China during the COVID-19 epidemic. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.Mental health questions can be tackled through machine learning (ML) techniques. Apart from the two ML methods we introduced in our previous paper, we discuss two more advanced ML approaches in this paper support vector machines and artificial neural networks. To illustrate how these ML methods have been employed in mental health, recent research applications in psychiatry were reported. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.Background Patients suffering from psychiatric disorders tend to stigmatise themselves which had been linked to poor adherence to treatment. Aims The aim of the present study was to study internalised stigma and medication adherence and to assess the relationship between them in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 112 patients diagnosed with OCD who were attending the Out-patient's department at Department of Psychiatry of a tertiary care hospital in North India. Internalised stigma and current medication adherence were assessed with Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale (ISMI) and Medication Adherence Rating Scale, respectively. Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale was used to assess the current severity of OCD symptoms. Sociodemographic and clinical details were also obtained from the patients by using a semistructured sociodemographic proforma. Results Most of the patients reported moderate level of internalised stigma with a mean ISMI score of 77.98 (10.82). Most of the patients were compliant while 41.96% reported poor medication adherence. Internalised stigma was negatively correlated with the current medication adherence. Current severity of OCD symptoms also showed a significant positive correlation with internalised stigma and a significant negative correlation with medication adherence. Conclusion High levels of internalised stigma were associated with lower adherence to treatment which suggests that internalised stigma may be a very important factor influencing medication adherence in patients with OCD. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.The clinical manifestation of frontal-variant Alzheimer's disease (fvAD) is not typical, and it is difficult yet necessary to differentiate fvAD from frontal-variant frontal temporal dementia (fvFTD). We describe a patient with early-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) who presented with an fvFTD-like syndrome and apolipoprotein E ɛ3/ ɛ4 genotype. A brain amyloid imaging procedure, 11C-Pittsburgh compound B positron emission tomography (PET), supported the final diagnosis of AD. Our present case highlights the clinical variability that characterises early-onset AD. A multimodal approach is crucial when assessing rare forms of dementia. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder that is characterised by obsessions and compulsions. The recommended treatments for OCD are cognitive- behavioural therapy using exposure and response prevention and/or pharmacotherapy. On the other hand, some nutritional and herbal supplements may be effective in the treatment of OCD. Nutritional and herbal supplements in OCD treatment will be reviewed in this paper. PubMed (Medline), Cochrane Library and Google Scholar databases were reviewed for the topic. There are some supplements that have been researched in OCD treatment studies such as vitamin D, vitamin B12, folic acid, homocysteine, trace elements, N-acetyl cysteine, glycine, myoinositol, St John's wort, milk thistle, valerian root, curcumin and borage. The effectiveness of herbal and nutritional supplements in the treatment of OCD should be supported with more conclusive evidence. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common sleep-related movement disorder characterised by an uncomfortable urge to move the legs that occurs during periods of inactivity. Although there have been many case reports on antipsychotic-induced RLS, ziprasidone has never been reported as a cause of RLS. We present a case of a female patient with schizophrenia who presented with symptoms of RLS following the administration of high doses of ziprasidone added to quetiapine and valproate. The patient's symptoms of RLS occurred following the administration and titration of ziprasidone to 160 mg, and were relieved upon reducing the dose to 120 mg/day. Other potential causative medications and differential diagnoses that could have caused similar symptoms were excluded. Clinicians should be aware of the potential for ziprasidone-induced RLS. Dopamine and serotonin interaction could be the mechanism underlying ziprasidone-induced RLS. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.Background Treatment of post-pasung (physical restraint) patients with mental disorders has become a new problem in Indonesia in its effort to free the country from the physical restraint programme. Problems emerge when the patient returns to the family and society at large, and families that refuse to allow the patient to come back home risk the possibility that the patient may eventually become a psychotic vagrant. Aims To determine the appearance of families taking care of patients with mental disorders post-pasung. Method This study was qualitative research using a case study approach. The number of participants from six families was selected by purposive sampling. Collecting data was done by in-depth interview, and analysed thematically using Colaizzi steps. Results The results showed that families coping when taking care of patients with mental disorders post-pasung comprise seven themes. The seven themes are formed by four categories, 19 sub-themes and 32 sections. Discussion The appearance of coping was the overall description of coping in the form of strategic process stages, the support of coping and meaning for what the families feel when they are taking care of a patient with a mental disorder post-pasung.