Willoughbyacosta0810

We discuss how each different type of social media offers unique insights and provide a specific example from our own research using each platform. We contend that social media discussions can contribute positively to dietetic research and practice.

Pulmonary endothelial permeability contributes to the high-permeability pulmonary edema that characterizes acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Circulating bone morphogeneic protein 9 (BMP9) is emerging as an important regulator of pulmonary vascular homeostasis.

To determine whether endogenous BMP9 plays a role in preserving pulmonary endothelial integrity, and whether loss of endogenous BMP9 occurs during lipopolysacharride (LPS) challenge.

A BMP9-neutralizing antibody was administrated to healthy adult mice and lung vasculature was examined. Potential mechanisms were delineated by transcript analysis in human lung endothelial cells. Impact of BMP9 administration was evaluated in a murine acute lung injury model induced by inhaled LPS. Levels of BMP9 were measured in plasma from patients with sepsis and endotoxemic mice.

Subacute neutralization of endogenous BMP9 in mice (N=12) resulted in increased lung vascular permeability (P=0.022), interstitial edema (P=0.0047) and neutrophil extravasatig injury.Nutritional status plays a major role in determining the possible adverse health outcomes due to pesticide toxicity. The objective of the present study was to assess the organophosphorus pesticide residue levels among farm women (FW) (24-45years) and farm children (FC) (9-12 and 13-15years) belonging to the Rangareddy district (Telangana, India) along with their micronutrient status, inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity, and oxidative stress levels. Residues of Chlorpyrifos, Diazinon, Malathion, Monocrotophos and Phosalone were found in the serum samples of FW and FC along with significantly low levels of vitamins and minerals. Inhibition of AChE activity was observed in FW and FC and altered oxidative stress parameters among FW. Correlation studies have found significant associations between the pesticide residues, micronutrients and antioxidant enzymes. The study suggests an association between pesticide exposure coupled with micronutrient deficiency, induced AChE inhibition, and oxidative stress.Purpose Investigations into rural tobacco-related disparities in the U.S. are hampered by the lack of a standardized approach for identifying the rurality-and, consequently, the urbanicity-of an area. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the most common urban/rural definitions (Census Bureau, OMB, RUCA, and Isolation) and determine which is preferable for explaining the geographic distribution of several tobacco-related outcomes (behavior, receiving a doctor's advice to quit, and support for secondhand smoke policies). Methods Data came from The Current Population Survey Tobacco Use Supplement. For each tobacco-related outcome, one logistic regression was conducted for each urban/rural measure. Models were then ranked according to their ability to explain the data using Akaike information criterion (AIC). Results Each definition provided very different estimates for the prevalence of the U.S. population that is considered "rural" (e.g., 5.9% for the OMB, 17.0% for the Census Bureau). The OMB definition was most sensitive at detecting urban/rural differences, followed by the Isolation scale. Both these measures use strict, less-inclusive criteria for what constitutes "rural." Conclusions Overall, results demonstrate the heterogeneity across urban/rural measures. Although findings do not provide a definitive answer for which urban/rural definition is the best for examining rural tobacco use, they do suggest that the OMB and Isolation measures may be most sensitive to detecting many types of urban/rural tobacco-related disparities. Caveats and implications of these findings for rural tobacco use disparities research are discussed. Efforts such as these to better understand which rural measure is appropriate for which situation can improve the precision of rural substance use research.The purpose of this exploratory research was to understand the experiences and learnings of dietetic and nutrition students following a 3-week intensive summer course designed to enhance students' understandings of compassion, creativity, and sense of coherence as they apply to personal growth and socially just professional practice. Seven of 15 students participated in one-on-one, semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was conducted using inductive thematic analysis, resulting in 3 meta-themes (i) personal meaning and sense making, (ii) relational and power dynamics, and (iii) disruption; participants contextualized these themes via a dynamic interplay within and among the domains of self, pedagogy, and practice. As a result of taking this course, participants developed an enhanced sense of coherence, self-compassion, well-being, and a more equity-focused understanding of health. Student development may have been achieved through attending to student experience and a relational pedagogical epistemology that allowed students to make personal, interpersonal, and systemic connections among their own subjective experiences, the experiences of peers, and broader social impacts on health. Given nutrition classrooms are largely positivist, it is important to consider how these environments as relational contexts may support or undermine compassion, sense of coherence, and ultimately the health and well-being of students.Purpose To explore knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour related to physical activity (PA) and sedentariness among registered dietitians (RDs) in family health teams in Ontario.Methods This cross-sectional, descriptive study utilized a semi-structured interview guide to conduct qualitative interviews with 20 RDs. Self-administered questionnaires were used to assess personal PA (short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire) and sedentary behaviour (Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire).Results Thematic analysis indicated that, in general, participants had good knowledge of PA and sedentariness. They were knowledgeable about the PA guidelines. They had positive attitudes toward PA and nonsedentariness, stating that both are important in the prevention and treatment of chronic conditions. Quantitative analysis indicated they had moderate-to-high PA levels and were fairly sedentary.Conclusions This study supports the position that RDs can serve as excellent role models for PA. Though participants had basic knowledge, RDs may benefit from additional education regarding PA and sedentariness when counselling.The vibration discomfort to the human body in semi-supine posture is currently evaluated as per ISO 2631-1, although it is recommended for sitting, standing and recumbent posture. The present study investigated the frequency-dependence of subjective responses of semi-supine humans to vertical vibration (0.5-1.5 m s-2 r.m.s.) across the frequency range 2.0-16.0 Hz. The subjects (14 males) judged the discomfort caused due to sinusoidal vibration using a modified absolute magnitude estimation method. The significant variation of rate of growth of discomfort across the frequency spectra caused the shape of equivalent comfort contour to vary with the vibration magnitude. The equivalent comfort contours illustrated significant discomfort between 8.0 and 10.0 Hz. Moreover, for frequencies above 10.0 Hz, substantial vibration acceleration was required to cause discomfort of the same intensity, implying that the frequency dependence of semi-supine posture is distinct from other postures. The frequency weighting obtained for semi-supine posture suggested that the discomfort estimation based on ISO 2631-1 was relatively accurate though conservative. Practitioner Summary The discomfort caused by vertical vibration to the human in semi-supine posture was quite different from other postures. The present study provided the frequency-dependence of vibration discomfort for humans in semi-supine posture. Further, it investigated the suitability of frequency weightings defined in ISO 2631-1 for the acceleration measurements. Abbreviations ISO International Organization for Standardization; BS British Standard; NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration; BMI body mass index; AME absolute magnitude estimation.Vaping among young adults (YA) has been associated with adverse respiratory health outcomes. However, key gaps remain in the literature including perspectives from YA vapers on perceived respiratory health symptoms since vaping, how they describe those symptoms and related experiences, and factors to which they attribute their respiratory health symptoms. Methods Participants (N = 35) were 18-25 years old and self-reported as currently vaping at least once per week. In-depth, semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted using an open-ended interview guide designed to elicit respondents' subjective vaping-related experiences. We used a thematic analysis to interpret the transcripts. Results Participants reported adverse respiratory health symptoms (e.g., phlegm, cough, pain in lungs) that some attributed to vaping. Participants compared what is known about vaping to what is known about combustible cigarettes and described continued use of vaping products despite perceived adverse respiratory health consequences. Some participants attributed their symptoms to preexisting medical conditions (e.g., asthma) and to heavy vaping. Some described a decline in exercise-related endurance since vaping. Some participants also reported that they experienced worse respiratory symptoms when using specific brands and products (e.g., JUUL and nicotine salt formulation). Conclusions This study provides powerful accounts from YA vapers about their experience of respiratory health symptoms that they ascribe to vaping. Future research is needed to evaluate the prevalence and severity, as well as the risk and protective factors, of adverse respiratory health symptoms associated with vaping. Addiction prevention and treatment efforts for YA vapers may help curtail adverse respiratory health impact from vaping.

To address the lack of validated patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments that define and quantify patient expectations in thyroid cancer surgery, we developed and initially validated ThyroidEx, a novel disease-specific PRO instrument.

Survey study.

Single-institution tertiary care cancer center.

An expert panel drafted an initial set of thyroid cancer-specific concepts, which was used in semistructured concept elicitation interviews with patients with thyroid cancer 4 weeks before and 8 weeks after surgery. Candidate items were generated per patient responses and refined via cognitive interviewing and additional review by the expert panel. The draft ThyroidEx was then preoperatively administered to a separate cohort undergoing thyroid cancer surgery to establish a final item set and initial psychometric evidence.

Prospective concept elicitation interviews generated 358 patient-elicited concepts (n = 15 patients). These were then placed into 70 unique subcategories from which 41 items were generated for cognitive interviews with 20 patients preoperatively and 28 postoperatively.