Mcneilhansen5181
To successfully analyze complex samples and detect trace targets, sample pretreatment is essential. Efficient sample pretreatment techniques can remove or reduce interference from the sample matrix. It can also enrich analytes, thereby improving analytical accuracy and sensitivity. In recent years, various sample preparation techniques, including SPE, magnetic dispersion SPE, pipette tip SPE, stir bar extraction, fiber SPME, and in-tube SPME, have received increasing attention in environmental analysis and monitoring. The extraction efficiency mainly depends on the type of adsorbent material. Therefore, the development of efficient adsorbents is a crucial step toward sample preparation. This review summarizes and discusses the research advances in extraction materials over recent years. These extraction materials contain inorganic adsorbents, organic adsorbents, and inorganic-organic hybrid materials such as graphene, graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, inorganic aerogels, organic aerogels, triazinyl-functional analysis, biological detection, and other fields. Modern synthesis technology should be introduced to synthesize specific extraction materials. Controllable preparation methods for extraction materials, such as the in situ growth or in situ preparation of extraction coatings, will acquire importance in coming years. It will also be important to adopt high-performance materials from other fields for sample pretreatment. Organic-inorganic hybrid extraction materials can combine the advantages both organic materials and inorganic materials, and mutually compensate for any disadvantages. Extraction materials doped with nanomaterials are also promising. Although existing sample pretreatment techniques are relatively efficient, it is still imperative to develop novel sample preparation methods.A critical need in analytical chemistry is the efficient fabrication of selective and sensitive sensors to detect trace analytes in complicated samples. In recent years, fluorescence analysis has been widely used in environmental research and the life sciences due to its high sensitivity and simple operation. Quantum dots (QDs) are a new type of fluorescent nanomaterials. Owing to the quantum confinement effect, QDs possess excellent optical properties such as strong anti-bleaching ability, a narrow excitation and emission band, and tunable emission wavelength. As a hot labeling material, QDs are suitable for use in surface-modified analytical sensors employed in fields such as analytical chemistry, biology, and medicine. However, QD materials have a notable disadvantage, in that the actual sample matrix may contain some interferents with luminescent responses similar to those of the target; this decreases the selective ability of the fluorescence sensor. The surface modification of QDs via the molecular impr the related recognition mechanisms are explained. Second, according to the different substances to be detected, this mini-review summarizes the latest research progress in sensors for the detection of ions, organic small molecules, biological macromolecules, as well as for the analysis of bacteria and viruses. Finally, existing challenges associated with the preparation and application of the sensors, as well as future development trends, are discussed.
This report describes an extremely unusual cause of acute pancreatitis. It highlights the value of cross-sectional imaging, in the absence of alcohol and gallstone aetiology, to establish a diagnosis and direct management. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a duodenal jejunal intussusception. A benign inflammatory fibroid tumour, acting as a lead point, was surgically resected and the patient made an unremarkable recovery without further episodes of acute pancreatitis.
This report describes an extremely unusual cause of acute pancreatitis. It highlights the value of cross-sectional imaging, in the absence of alcohol and gallstone aetiology, to establish a diagnosis and direct management. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a duodenal jejunal intussusception. A benign inflammatory fibroid tumour, acting as a lead point, was surgically resected and the patient made an unremarkable recovery without further episodes of acute pancreatitis.
We report a case of multi-focal pan-gastrointestinal Kaposi sarcoma in an HIV positive patient, presenting with two life-threatening complications of the disease, intestinal obstruction and upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. The patient responded well to combined surgical and oncological treatment. The reported complications of the disease are regarded as relatively rare events, and this report aims to highlight the need for more intensive screening for Kaposi sarcoma in immune-compromised individuals.
We report a case of multi-focal pan-gastrointestinal Kaposi sarcoma in an HIV positive patient, presenting with two life-threatening complications of the disease, intestinal obstruction and upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. The patient responded well to combined surgical and oncological treatment. The reported complications of the disease are regarded as relatively rare events, and this report aims to highlight the need for more intensive screening for Kaposi sarcoma in immune-compromised individuals.
Isolated bladder injuries from falls are not common; we report a laparoscopic bladder repair in a patient with delayed presentation. There are about 20 case reports of laparoscopic repair of traumatic bladder reported in the literature, but none with such a delayed presentation. We describe the technique of laparoscopic bladder repair. The delay in the presentation might have facilitated laparoscopic repair as it might have excluded bowel injuries.
Isolated bladder injuries from falls are not common; we report a laparoscopic bladder repair in a patient with delayed presentation. There are about 20 case reports of laparoscopic repair of traumatic bladder reported in the literature, but none with such a delayed presentation. We describe the technique of laparoscopic bladder repair. The delay in the presentation might have facilitated laparoscopic repair as it might have excluded bowel injuries.
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare, slow-growing, spindle cell neoplasm with low to intermediate grade malignant potential, commonly found in young and middle-aged adults, more in males than females. DFSP mostly originates in the dermis; rarely, it may be located in the deeper tissues without dermal involvement. Typically, DFSP appears as a multinodular mass, which then spreads into the subcutaneous tissues and muscle; it rarely dedifferentiates to high-grade fibrosarcoma, and more rarely, it may metastasise. We describe magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features in three female patients with histologically proven DFSP and review the literature.
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare, slow-growing, spindle cell neoplasm with low to intermediate grade malignant potential, commonly found in young and middle-aged adults, more in males than females. DFSP mostly originates in the dermis; rarely, it may be located in the deeper tissues without dermal involvement. Typically, DFSP appears as a multinodular mass, which then spreads into the subcutaneous tissues and muscle; it rarely dedifferentiates to high-grade fibrosarcoma, and more rarely, it may metastasise. We describe magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features in three female patients with histologically proven DFSP and review the literature.
Lynch syndrome is a hereditary disorder, with a very high risk of developing colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and a predilection to develop other cancers, including upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). We aimed to assess the prevalence of UTUC in a Lynch syndrome cohort undergoing screening for CRC, to determine the need for a UTUC screening programme.
Lynch syndrome patients were screened with urine dipstick for microscopic haematuria. Patients with confirmed microhaematuria were offered urine cytology, microscopy and culture, ultrasound (US) of their upper tracts and flexible cystoscopy.
Of the 89 patients screened, 86 had an MLH1 mutation and two had an MSH2 mutation. Eleven of the 12 patients who had microscopic haematuria were female. Ten patients had urinary tract infections. One patient had follicular cystitis and another had a simple renal cyst. No patients had hydronephrosis on ultrasound. All urine cytology specimens were negative for malignancy.
No cases of UTUC were detected in our cohort during this study. A more rational screening protocol in this group may be to screen patients for UTUC with known MSH2 mutations at an earlier age (over 35).
No cases of UTUC were detected in our cohort during this study. A more rational screening protocol in this group may be to screen patients for UTUC with known MSH2 mutations at an earlier age (over 35).
Acquired pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) is a condition involving hair bundles most commonly located in the midline of the sacrococcygeal region. The aim of this study is to investigate the risk factors for recurrence after the surgical treatment of PSD in children and adolescents.
This retrospective study was conducted with patients who underwent surgery for PDS at the Paediatric Surgery Clinic of Karaman State Hospital between July 2010 and December 2018. Age, gender, weight, and height of the patients were recorded. Whether or not there was a recurrence after the surgery as well as the factors affecting recurrence in the cases with recurrence were examined.
A total of 86 PSD patients were included in the study. Of these, 36 (41.9%) were girls and 50 (58.1%) were boys. The mean follow-up period was 15.1 ± 8.4 months. Their mean age was 15.16 ± 1.29 years. Postoperative recurrence developed in 14 patients (16.3%). Postoperative recurrence was significantly higher in those who were overweight than in those of normal weight (
< 0.001) and in females when compared to males (
= 0.014). Gender and BMI were interrelated as risk factors. The effect of female gender on the likelihood of recurrence was threefold that of BMI.
It was observed in this study that female gender and a high BMI significantly increased the risk of PSD recurrence after surgery.
It was observed in this study that female gender and a high BMI significantly increased the risk of PSD recurrence after surgery.
Cleft lips and/or palates should be identified early and be operated on at specific ages according to international recommendations. In African countries, however, cleft lip and palate surgeries are often delayed.
A retrospective, descriptive study was done to determine the distribution, specific time delays, demographics and loss to follow-up of patients with cleft lip and/or palates treated at Universitas Academic Hospital over a 10-year period. Data was obtained from outpatient files from the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department at Universitas Academic Hospital. Two hundred and three of 318 records (63.8%) had the defined variables documented.
The median time from first presentation to specialist consultation was 1.9 months. The median ages for first presentation was 2.2 months and for specialist consultation 5.2 months. Patients mainly had isolated cleft palates (42.4%), followed by both cleft lip and palate (31%) and isolated cleft lips (24.6%). A quarter of patients (25.6%) were lost to follow-up.
