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80 and 3.39; root mean square difference, RMSD, between 0.98 and 4.76 [mW m-2 sr-1 nm-1]), with slightly larger differences at shorter wavelengths. The PRISMA TOA radiances were also found very similar to Sentinel-2 data (RMSD less then 3.78 [mW m-2 sr-1 nm-1]), and encourage a synergic use of both sensors for aquatic applications. Further analyses with a higher number of match-ups between PRISMA, in situ and Sentinel-2 data are however recommended to fully characterize the on-orbit calibration of PRISMA for its exploitation in aquatic ecosystem mapping.A series of metal element (Al, Fe, Mg and Ni)-doped ZnO (M-ZnO) photocatalysts have been successfully synthesized on graphene-coated polyethylene terephthalate (GPET) flexible substrate via the hydrothermal method. The effects of doped metals in ZnO were also studied on the crystal structure, morphology and photocatalytic performance. The photocatalytic experiment results indicated that, compared with Al-, Mg- and Fe-ZnO/GPET photocatalysts under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation, Ni-ZnO/GPET had better photocatalytic activity, and the degradation rate of methylene blue (MB) was 81.17%. Meanwhile, the mechanism of enhancing the photocatalytic activity of metal element-doped ZnO is also discussed. It is concluded that, after doping with metal elements, electrons and holes are prevented from recombination by trapping electrons of the ZnO/GPET conductive band, thereby improving the photocatalytic activity.The purpose of this review is to explore the parallel roles and interaction of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and oxytocin (OT) in cardiovascular regulation and fluid homeostasis. Their interaction has been recently reported to be relevant during physical and psychological trauma. However, literature reports on H2S in physical trauma and OT in psychological trauma are abundant, whereas available information regarding H2S in psychological trauma and OT in physical trauma is much more limited. This review summarizes recent direct and indirect evidence of the interaction of the two systems and their convergence in downstream nitric oxide-dependent signaling pathways during various types of trauma, in an effort to better understand biological correlates of psychosomatic interdependencies.Anemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an almost universal complication of this condition. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), a key-player in mineral metabolism, is reportedly associated with anemia and hemoglobin levels in non-dialysis CKD patients. Here, we sought to further characterize this association while taking into account the biologically active, intact fraction of FGF23, iron metabolism, and erythropoietin (EPO). Hemoglobin, EPO, iron, and mineral metabolism parameters, including both intact and c-terminal-FGF23 (iFGF23 and cFGF23, respectively) were measured cross-sectionally in 225 non-dialysis CKD patients (stage 1-5, median eGFR 30 mL/min./1.73m2) not on erythropoiesis stimulating agents or intravenous iron therapy. Statistical analysis was performed by multiple linear regression. After adjustment for eGFR and other important confounders, only cFGF23 but not iFGF23 was significantly associated with hemoglobin levels and this association was largely accounted for by iron metabolism parameters. cFGF23 but not iFGF23 was also associated with mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV), again in dependence on iron metabolism parameters. Similarly, EPO concentrations were associated with cFGF23 but not iFGF23, but their contribution to the association of cFGF23 with hemoglobin levels was marginal. In pre-dialysis CKD patients, the observed association of FGF23 with hemoglobin seems to be restricted to cFGF23 and largely explained by the iron status.Grape stalks, an inedible lignocellulosic residue from winemaking and agro-industrial grape juice production, can be valorized as a source of bioactive compounds and as feedstock for the saccharification and bioconversion of soluble sugars. Solid-state fermentation (SSF) by six white-rot fungi was applied as pretreatment. Fiber composition, free radical scavenging activity, four ligninolytic, and three hydrolytic enzyme activities were determined. Saccharification kinetics, yield, and productivity were evaluated and complemented with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) quantification of monosaccharides, and principal component analysis (PCA). After SSF, the biomass exhibited a drastic free radical scavenging activity decrease and the main enzymes produced were manganese-dependent peroxidase and xylanase. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the erosion of cell walls, and PCA exhibited a negative correlation between saccharification, and neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent lignin. Phlebia rufa pretreated biomass gave the highest sugars yield and productivity, representing a nearly three-fold increase compared to untreated samples. Also, monosaccharides quantification revealed that the 11 ratio of glucose to the sum of xylose plus galactose changes to the value of 21 after pretreatment. In this work, and for the first time, P. rufa proved to be an effective pretreatment of grape stalks for the saccharification and further bioconversion into value-added chemicals. In addition, lignocellulolytic enzymes were also produced through SSF.The preparation and characterization of the isomers rac-4'-(4-butan-2-yloxyphenyl)-3,2'6',3″-terpyridine (rac-2), 4'-(2-methylpropoxyphenyl)-3,2'6',3″-terpyridine (3) and 4'-(tert-butoxyphenyl)-3,2'6',3″-terpyridine (4) are reported. The compounds react with Co(NCS)2 under conditions of crystal growth at room temperature to give single crystals of [Co(rac-2)2(NCS)2·CHCl3] n , [Co(3)2(NCS)2] n and [Co(4)2(NCS)2·CHCl3] n which possess (4,4) networks, with the Co centers acting as 4-connecting nodes. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) was used to confirm that the crystals chosen for single crystal X-ray diffraction were representative of the bulk samples. The detailed structures of the three networks have been compared with that of the previously reported [Co(1)2(NCS)2·4CHCl3]n in which 1 is 4'-(butoxyphenyl)-3,2'6',3″-terpyridine. Whereas the switch from 1 with the straight-chain butoxy substituent to rac-2, 3 and 4 with branched chains causes significant structural perturbation, changes in the spatial properties of the branched substituents are accommodated with subtle conformational changes in the 3,2'6',3″-tpy domain.The health of honey bees is threatened by multiple factors, including viruses and parasites. We screened 557 honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies from 155 beekeepers distributed all over Belgium to determine the prevalence of seven widespread viruses and two parasites (Varroa sp. and Nosema sp.). Deformed wing virus B (DWV-B), black queen cell virus (BQCV), and sacbrood virus (SBV) were highly prevalent and detected by real-time RT-PCR in more than 95% of the colonies. Acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV), chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV) and deformed wing virus A (DWV-A) were prevalent to a lower extent (between 18 and 29%). Most viruses were only present at low or moderate viral loads. Nevertheless, about 50% of the colonies harbored at least one virus at high viral load (>107 genome copies/bee). Varroa mites and Nosema sp. were found in 81.5% and 59.7% of the honey bee colonies, respectively, and all Nosema were identified as Nosema ceranae by real time PCR. Interestingly, we found a significant correlation between the number of Varroa mites and DWV-B viral load. To determine the combined effect of these and other factors on honey bee health in Belgium, a follow up of colonies over multiple years is necessary.Land resource allocation efficiency (LRAE) is a significant indicator in weighing regional socioeconomic development. The study of LRAE can provide useful references for optimizing the layout of rural land use and conducting village planning against the background of rural revitalization strategy. Taking Fang County of Hubei Province as an example, we constructed an efficiency measurement index system based on economic, social, and ecological objectives. The slack-based measure with undesirable output (SBM-Undesirable) model and geodetector model were used to evaluate the rural LRAE, influencing factors and optimization paths from 2011 to 2017. The results suggest that (1) the rural LRAE in Fang County shows a steady upward trend, with an average increasing rate of 9.204%. The townships in the north and south of the study area have a low LRAE value, and townships in the central area have a high LRAE value. The number of villages at low or medium-low LRAE is decreasing, and the number of villages with medium-high or high LRAE continued to increase from 2011 to 2017. (2) The spatial variation in LRAE in Fang County is affected by physical geography conditions, rural development conditions, and urban-rural relations. The impact of the proportion of primary industry and rural population has always been influential on the LRAE. Physical geography conditions have a relatively strong impact on the LRAE, but their values are decreasing. The influences of the Engel coefficient, urbanization rate and gap between the rural and urban resident's income have been continuously enhanced. (3) All land types have obvious input redundancies, and reducing these redundancies can help achieve the optimal allocation of rural land resources. In the future, it is of significance to prioritize low-carbon and green developments, and to promote sustainable rural development.Disorders of communication, social relationships, and psychomotricity are often characterized by cognitive impairment, which hinders daily activities and increases the risk of falls. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of an animal-assisted therapy (AAT) program in an institutionalized geriatric population with cognitive impairment. The variables evaluated included level of communication and changes in gait and/or balance. We performed a two-arm, parallel controlled, open-label, nonrandomized cluster clinical trial in two nursing home centers from an urban area. Patients in the two centers received 12 weekly sessions of physiotherapy, but the experimental group included AAT with a therapy dog. The study included a total of 46 patients (23 Control Group [CG], 23 Experimental Group [EG]) with a median age of 85.0 years. Of these, 32.6% had mild-moderate cognitive decline (Global Deterioration Scale of Reisberg [GDS] 2-4) and 67.4% severe cognitive decline (GDS 5-6). After the intervention, patients in the CG and EG showed a statistically significant improvement in all the response variables. When comparing both groups, no statistically significant differences were found in any of the Tinetti scale results (measuring gait and balance). However, the communication of patients in the EG, measured on the Holden scale, showed a statistically significant greater improvement postintervention than that of patients in the CG. AAT can be useful as a complementary, effective treatment for patients with different degrees of cognitive decline.Across metazoans, animal body structures and tissues exist in robust patterns that arise seemingly out of stochasticity of a few early cells in the embryo. These patterns ensure proper tissue form and function during early embryogenesis, development, homeostasis, and regeneration. Fundamental questions are how these patterns are generated and maintained during tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Though fascinating scientists for generations, these ideas remain poorly understood. Today, it is apparent that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays a central role in tissue patterning. Wnt proteins are small diffusible morphogens which are essential for cell type specification and patterning of tissues. In this review, we highlight several mechanisms described where the spatial properties of Wnt/β-catenin signaling are controlled, allowing them to work in combination with other diffusible molecules to control tissue patterning. We discuss examples of this self-patterning behavior during development and adult tissues' maintenance.