Nikolajsenskovsgaard0139

Purpose Parents are key role models for their young child's physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior. This study examined the relationship between parents and their young child's PA and sedentary behavior considering whether the parent and child were together (present) or apart. Methods Parent and child dyads (N = 26) wore accelerometers for 10 days and recorded times when they were present or absent from their young children (parental presence) in an online daily diary. Hourly data for PA and sedentary behavior of both the parent and young child were coded for parental presence. Multilevel modeling was used to predict child behavior (sedentary, light PA, and moderate to vigorous PA) using the respective parent behavior, the presence of the parent, and the interaction between parent behavior and presence. Results The interaction between presence and parent behavior predicted the respective child behavior (p less then  .05). Parents' behavior was positively related to their young child's behavior when they were together, but the relationship was not present (moderate to vigorous PA) or weaker (sedentary behavior, light PA) when apart. Conclusions Being active alone was not sufficient for a parent's PA to relate to their young child's PA, but rather being active in the presence of their child was important for young child's PA.Purpose Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) without intellectual disability (ID) exhibit social and motor impairments and circumscribed interests/behaviors that contribute to lower physical activity (PA) levels. Despite the need for exercise interventions for these children, there is a dearth of evidence-based treatments. This study tested the feasibility of a high-intensity exercise program for children with ASD without ID, and associated changes in physical performance. Method Fifty-eight children, ages 7-12 with ASD without ID participated. The intervention (5 weeks, 19 sessions, 60 mins ea.) was conducted during the summer. Each session was manualized (operationalized instructional procedure and curriculum) and targeted components of fitness and motor performance using skill development exercises, workouts, and game-related activities. Feasibility was assessed via fidelity (implementation accuracy), satisfaction surveys, attrition, and injuries. Physical performance was tested at baseline and posttest using measures of work production (completed rounds of an exercise circuit) and within-session activity levels (time in moderate-to-vigorous PA), and six exercise tests (sit and reach, push-ups, sit-ups, air squats, long jump, and PACER). Results Results indicated high levels of fidelity (93.7%) and child and staff satisfaction, and no attrition or injuries, supporting the feasibility, tolerability, and safety of the protocol. Significant increases were found in work production and activity levels (ds 0.83 and 1.05, respectively) and on three exercise tests (sit ups, air squats, and long jump; ds 0.29-0.37). Conclusion The exercise program was feasible and safe, and completion was associated with significant improvements in multiple areas of performance; a randomized controlled trial appears warranted.Large bilateral contusions of the T10 thoracic spinal cord were performed in 16 adult cats using a calibrated impactor. EMG and video recordings allowed weekly assessments of key locomotor parameters during treadmill training for 5 weeks. 35 days post-contusion, several hindlimb locomotor parameters were very similar to the pre-lesion ones despite some long-term deficits such as paw drag and disrupted fore-hindlimb coupling. 9/10 tested cats could step over obstacles placed on the treadmill. Acute electrophysiological experiments showed viable connectivity between segments rostral and caudal to the contusion. At the 5th post-contusion week, a complete spinalization was performed at T13 in 10 cats and all expressed remarkable bilateral hindlimb locomotion within 24-72 hours. From our histological evaluation, we concluded that only a small percentage (~10%) of spinal cord pathways was necessary to initiate and maintain a voluntary quadrupedal locomotor pattern on a treadmill and even to negotiate obstacles. Our findings suggest that hindlimb stepping largely resulted from the activity of spinal locomotor circuits which gradually recovered autonomy week after week. Our histological and electrophysiological evidence indicated that the persistence of specific deficits or else the maintenance of specific functions were related to the integrity of specific supraspinal and propriospinal pathways. The conclusion is that the recovery of locomotion after large spinal contusions depends on a homeostatic recalibration of a tripartite control system involving interactions between spinal circuits (central pattern generator), supraspinal influences and sensory feedback activated through locomotor training.PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance and failure mode of custom-made post-and-cores manufactured with different esthetic materials. METHODS AND MATERIALS A total of 48 mandibular premolar extracted teeth were selected, endodontically treated, and prepared to receive the posts. Specimens were randomly divided into four groups (n=12/group) group 1, polyetheretherketone (PEEK, Degos; G1); group 2, nano-ceramic composite (Lava Ultimate, 3M ESPE; G2); group 3, cast metal post (NiCr alloy, control; G3); group 4, fiberglass post (Whitepost, FGM, control; G4) customized with a nano-hybrid resin composite (Z250, 3M ESPE). Experimental post-and-cores (G1 and G2) were manufactured with a computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing system. All posts were cemented with self-adhesive resin cement (Rely X U200, 3M ESPE), and specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 60 days. A universal testing machine was used to measure the fracture resistance (0.5 mm/min at an angle d-cores, in particular, additional studies are needed to improve adhesiveness and reduce the risk of debonding.This study determined the effect of dietary solvents on the surface roughness (Ra) of direct, indirect, and computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) dental composites. The materials evaluated were a direct composite (Filtek Z350 XT [FZ]), an indirect composite (Shofu Ceramage [CM]), and four CAD/CAM composites (Lava Ultimate [LU], Shofu Block HC [HC], Cerasmart [CS], and Vita Enamic [VE]). Specimens (12×14×1.5 mm) of each material were prepared, measured for baseline Ra, ranked, divided into six groups (n=12), and conditioned in the following media for 1 week at 37°C air (control), distilled water, 0.02 N citric acid, 0.02 N lactic acid, heptane, and 50% ethanol-water solution. The composite specimens were then subjected to postconditioning Ra testing using an optical three-dimensional surface analyzer (G4e, Alicona Imaging GmbH, Raaba, Austria). Inter-medium and inter-material comparisons were performed with one-way analysis of variance and post hoc Bonferroni test at a significance level of α=0.05. Mean Ra values ranged from 0.086 ± 0.004 μm to 0.153 ± 0.005 μm for the various material/medium combinations. For all materials, conditioning in air (control) and distilled water generally resulted in significantly lower mean Ra than exposure to other dietary solvents. Conditioning in citric acid presented the roughest surfaces for FZ, CM, and CS. For LU, HC, and VE, exposure to lactic acid, heptane, and ethanol solution resulted in the highest mean Ra. Regardless of conditioning media, FZ had the highest and VE the lowest mean Ra compared with other composites. The CAD/CAM composites remained susceptible to surface degradation by dietary solvents despite their industrial polymerization.PURPOSE To evaluate volumetric polymerization shrinkage (VPS), shear bond strength (SBS) to dentin, and cohesive tensile strength (CTS) of bulk-fill resin composites (BFRCs) light activated by different modes. METHODS AND MATERIALS Six groups were evaluated Tetric EvoCeram bulk fill + high mode (10 seconds; TEC H10), Tetric EvoFlow bulk fill + high mode (TEF H10), experimental bulk fill + high mode (TEE H10), Tetric EvoCeram bulk fill + turbo mode (five seconds; TEC T5), Tetric EvoFlow bulk fill + turbo mode (TEF T5), and experimental bulk fill + turbo mode (TEE T5). Bluephase Style 20i and Adhese Universal Vivapen were used for all groups. All BFRC samples were built up on human molar bur-prepared occlusal cavities. VPS% and location were evaluated through micro-computed tomography. SBS and CTS tests were performed 24 hours after storage or after 5000 thermal cycles; fracture mode was analyzed for SBS. RESULTS Both TEC H10 and TEE H10 presented lower VPS% than TEF H10. However, no significant differences were observed with the turbo-curing mode. No differences were observed for the same BFRC within curing modes. Occlusal shrinkage was mostly observed. Regarding SBS, thermal cycling (TC) affected all groups. Without TC, all groups showed higher SBS values for high mode than turbo mode, while with TC, only TEC showed decreased SBS from high mode to turbo modes; modes of fracture were predominantly adhesive. For CTS, TC affected all groups except TEE H10. In general, no differences were observed between groups when comparing the curing modes. CONCLUSIONS Increased light output with a shortened curing time did not jeopardize the VPS and SBS properties of the BFRCs, although a decreased SBS was observed in some groups. TEE generally showed similar or improved values for the tested properties in a shortened light-curing time. The VPS was mostly affected by the materials tested, whereas the SBS was affected by the materials, curing modes, and TC. The CTS was not affected by the curing modes.This article presents a clinical technique based on a case report for restoring the contours and shape of the upper teeth involved in the smile display of a young patient. After planning the treatment for the patient using digital tools (Digital pictures, Digital Smile Design, digital waxup, three-dimensional [3D] printed models, mockup), the upper teeth were restored using an improved injection technique. This improved technique involves the direct injection of flowable composite resin using clear polyvinyl siloxane molds made from 3D-printed models of the patient. The details and benefits of this new technique are described in the article.OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of a methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP)-containing silane coupling agent and universal adhesive, used alone or in combination, on the microshear bond strength (μSBS) to zirconia after 24 hours of water storage (24h) and after 10,000 thermocycles (TC), complemented with chemical analysis of the surface to establish the presence of MDP on the surface of the zirconia after bonding procedures. METHODS AND MATERIALS Thirty computer-aided design/computed-aided manufacturing blocks of zirconia were cut into four sections (6×6×6 mm) and sintered. Zirconia sections (n=96) were assigned to 24 groups according to three factors 1) silane (no silane, Monobond S [MBS], Monobond P [MB+]), 2) adhesive + resin cement (no adhesive + Enforce [ENF], no adhesive + RelyX Ultimate [REX], Prime&Bond Elect + Enforce [PBE/ENF], Scotchbond Universal + RelyX Ultimate [SBU/REX]), and 3) thermocycling (no thermocycling [24h], 10,000 thermocycles [TC]). Upon silane/adhesive application, cylinder-shaped matrices were filled with resin cement and light cured.