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How a Planar Magnetic Diaphragm Headphone Driver Works

Traditionally, dynamic drivers have a voice coil that is connected to the center of the diaphragm conical. When an electrical signal is passed through the voice coil, it causes the diaphragm to move.

planar vs dynamic is only applied to a small portion of the diaphragm and it's difficult to move several points at the same moment. This causes breakup modes that can lead to distortion.

Sound Detail

Many audiophiles want a detailed sound through their headphones. A great way to achieve this is with a planar magnetic diaphragm. This kind of headphone functions in a similar manner to dynamic cone drivers, but with a much more advanced technology.

A planar diaphragm is flat structures that are integrated into the headphone's frame. It's constructed of a light, thin film-like material. It's designed to be as flat and uniform as it is possible. This allows for an even distribution of pressure across the entire surface.

The flat design creates a more spacious soundstage. A more precise soundstage is created by a more precise wavefront. This can help you determine the exact location where a vocal or instrument is situated on the track. This is a major advantage over the more spherical waves that are typical of dynamic drivers.

A planar diaphragm is distinct from traditional dynamic drivers which employ a voice-coil that is anchored to the cone's center made of paper or plastic. Instead, it utilizes series magnets that are placed on either side of its flat surface. The electrical current flowing through the voice coil interacts with these magnets to drive the diaphragm to vibrate and produce sound. Since the entire diaphragm is driven at once there is no breakup modes, mechanical filtering, transmission delay or local resonances that could adversely affect sound quality.

A diaphragm with a flat and uniform shape can also accelerate more quickly than the larger and more heavy ones used in dynamic drivers. According to the laws of physics force is proportional mass and acceleration. This means that the greater the speed at which a driver's diaphragm is moved and the greater force they exert. This results in planar magnetic drivers an more precise bass response as well as greater detail retrieval.

The advantages of a planar magnet driver are not without cost. They cost more than dynamic drivers since they feature a huge diaphragm and a complex motor. They also require a larger amplifier to work effectively. Many planar magnetic headphone makers benefit from their technology and create premium headphones at competitive prices. Some examples include the Audeze LCD-4 and HiFiMAN Susvara.

High Sensitivity

Planar drivers differ from the moving coil drivers found in many headphones or IEMs in that they utilize a flat membrane instead of the traditional dome or cone shaped membrane. As an electrical signal moves through, it interacts both with the magnets as well as the diaphragm to create sound waves. The flatness of the diaphragm permits it to respond quickly to sound and is capable of generating many different frequencies, ranging from bass to highs.

One of the main advantages of a planar magnetic design is that it's much more sensitive than other kinds of headphone drivers, which may utilize a diaphragm that is up to a few times larger than a typical headphone. This allows you to listen to all the details of your music.

Planar magnetic drivers also create a very consistent driving force that is evenly distributed throughout the diaphragm. This prevents breakup and produces an undistorted, smooth sound. This is especially important for high frequencies in which the presence of breakup can be very audible and distracting. In the FT5 the way this is achieved is by using an advanced material called polyimide, which is both ultra-light and extremely robust, as well as a specialized conductor pattern that eliminates the inductance intermodulation distortion.

OPPO's planar magnet drivers also have a much better phase coherence. This means that when a sound wavefront hits our ear, it is flat and unaltered. Dynamic drivers, on the other hand they have a spherical-shaped wavefront that disturbs this coherence and causes poor signal peak reconstructions, especially in high frequencies. This is another reason that the OPPO headphones sound so real and natural, and incredibly accurate.

Wide Frequency Response

Planar magnetic diaphragms have the ability to reproduce sounds at much higher frequencies than traditional drivers. This is because their thin and lightweight diaphragm moves extremely precisely. This allows them to provide excellent transient response, which makes them a great option for audiophiles who need rapid responses from their speakers and headphones to reproduce the finest detail in music.

This flat design also allows them to have an even soundstage than headphones that have dynamic drivers that are coiled. They are also less prone to leakage - the sound that leaks out of the headphones into the environment. In certain situations this can be a problem because it can distract listeners and alter their concentration while listening to music. In certain situations this could be a problem because it can distract listeners and alter their focus while listening to music.

Instead of using a coil that sits behind a cone-shaped diaphragm, planar magnetic headphones have an array of conductors printed on the very thin film of the diaphragm. This conductor is suspended between two magnets. When closed back planar magnetic headphones is applied to it, it becomes electromagnetic and causes the magnetic forces on the opposite side of the diaphragm to interact with each other. This is what makes the diaphragm vibrate, creating an audio wave.





The smooth movement of the lightweight diaphragm, and the fact that the force is evenly distributed over its surface this means that distortion is extremely low. This is a major improvement over traditional dynamic drivers which have been known to cause distortion at high listening levels.

Some high-end headphones use the old-fashioned design of moving coils. However, most HiFi audiophiles are embracing this old technology to create new generation planar magnetic headphones that sound amazing. Some of these models are incredibly expensive and require a high-end amplifier to provide power however for those with the money, they provide an incredible experience that is unlike any other headphone. They offer a rich, detailed sound that is free from the distortion inherent in other types of headphone.

Minimal Inertia

Because of their construction the diaphragms of planar diaphragms move faster and are lighter than traditional drivers. This means that they reproduce audio signals more precisely and can be tuned to a wider range of frequencies. They also produce an authentic sound and have less distortion than traditional dynamic speakers.

The two rows of magnets in a planar magnetic driver create equal and uniform magnetic forces across the entire diaphragm's surface. This eliminates unwanted and unnecessary distortion. The lightweight diaphragm can be more easily controlled since the force is evenly dispersed. This lets the diaphragm move with a precise pistonic movement.

They are also capable of achieving extremely high levels of performance while carrying very little weight. This makes them ideal for use as a portable headphone. Additionally, they can be designed to offer a wide range of frequencies, from deep bass to high-frequency sounds. Audio professionals love them due to their wide frequency response and precise sound.

Contrary to dynamic drivers that utilize coils to push against the diaphragm the planar magnetic driver has no mechanical components that could come into contact with one the other and cause distortion. This is due to the fact that the flat array sits on top of the diaphragm, rather than in the form of a coil behind.

In contrast, the thin and lightweight diaphragm inside a planar magnetic driver may be driven by a powerful magnetic field with no loss of energy. The diaphragm, thin, light membrane is driven by the magnetic field, which exerts an unchanging pressure. This prevents it from deforming or causing distortion.

The moment of inertia is an important property that defines the object's resistance to rotation. The formula I = mr2 could be used to determine it. The shape of an object influences its minimum moment of inertia. Thicker and longer objects have lower moments of inertia.