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71 ± 4.12% versus 76.94 ± 7.74%, P &lt; 0.0001). Compared to baseline, PaCO2 immediately after intubation also increased significantly in both groups (HFNO group 30.87 ± 2.50 mmHg versus 38.28 ± 3.18 mmHg; SFM group 29.82 ± 2.57 mmHg versus 38.05 ± 5.76 mmHg, P &lt; 0.0001), but there was no difference in PaCO2 between the two groups. There was no difference in lowest saturation, intubation times, duration of apnoea, pH value or fetal outcomes.<br /><br /> Compared with SFM, HFNO provided a higher PaO2 and EtO2 immediately after intubation in parturients. HFNO is safe as a method of oxygenation during RSI in parturients undergoing general anaesthesia for caesarean section.<br /><br /> Clinical trial ChiCTR1900023121.<br /><br />Clinical trial ChiCTR1900023121.<br /><br /> Postoperative anaemia is common after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Emerging evidence shows the beneficial effects of peri-operative iron supplementation in patients at risk of postoperative anaemia.<br /><br /> To evaluate the efficacy of intra-operative administration of iron isomaltoside for the prevention of postoperative anaemia in patients undergoing TKA.<br /><br /> Randomised, controlled, double-blind, parallel-group study.<br /><br /> A tertiary care teaching hospital; between 29 March 2018 and 16 April 2019.<br /><br /> Eighty-nine patients scheduled for unilateral TKA were included.<br /><br /> Iron isomaltoside or placebo were administered intravenously over 30 min during surgical wound closure.<br /><br /> The primary outcome measure was the incidence of anaemia at 30 days after TKA anaemia was defined as haemoglobin less than 12 g dl-1 for female and less than 13 g dl-1 for male.<br /><br /> In total, 89 patients were included in the final analysis (44 in the treatment group; 45 in the control group). The administered dose of iron isomaltoside in the treatment group was 1136 ± 225 mg. The incidence of anaemia at 30 days after TKA was significantly lower in the treatment group (34.1%, 15/44) than that in the control group (62.2%, 28/45) relative risk 0.55 (95% confidence interval, 0.34 to 0.88), P = 0.008. Haemoglobin concentration, serum ferritin concentrations, and transferrin saturation were also significantly higher in the treatment group at 30 days after TKA.<br /><br /> The intra-operative administration of iron isomaltoside effectively prevents postoperative anaemia in patients undergoing TKA, and thus it can be included in patient blood management protocols for reducing postoperative anaemia in these population.<br /><br /> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03470649.<br /><br />ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03470649.<br /><br /> Pectoral nerve blocks (PECS block) might be an interesting new regional anaesthetic technique in patients undergoing breast surgery.<br /><br /> The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate postoperative pain outcomes and adverse events of a PECS block compared with no treatment, sham treatment or other regional anaesthetic techniques in women undergoing breast surgery.<br /><br /> We performed a systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCT) with meta-analysis and risk of bias assessment.<br /><br /> The databases MEDLINE, CENTRAL (until December 2019) and clinicaltrials.gov were systematically searched.<br /><br /> All RCTs investigating the efficacy and adverse events of PECS compared with sham treatment, no treatment or other regional anaesthetic techniques in women undergoing breast surgery with general anaesthesia were included.<br /><br /> A total of 24 RCTs (1565 patients) were included. PECS (compared with no treatment) block might reduce pain at rest [mean difference -1.14, 95% confidence interval (CI), -2.1 to -0.18, moderate qualitarranted.<br /><br /> CRD42019126733.<br /><br />CRD42019126733.<br /><br /> The effect of dexmedetomidine on Nociception Level Index-guided (Medasense, Israel) antinociception to reduce intra-operative opioid requirements has not been previously investigated.<br /><br /> We aimed to determine if low-dose dexmedetomidine would reduce remifentanil requirements during Nociception Level Index-guided antinociception without increasing complications associated with dexmedetomidine.<br /><br /> Double-blind randomised controlled trial.<br /><br /> Two university teaching hospitals in Brussels, Belgium.<br /><br /> American Society of Anesthesiologists 1 and 2 patients (n = 58) undergoing maxillofacial or cervicofacial surgery under propofol--remifentanil target-controlled infusion anaesthesia.<br /><br /> A 30 min infusion of dexmedetomidine, or equal volume of 0.9% NaCl, was infused at 1.2 μg kg-1 h-1 immediately preceding induction and then decreased to 0.6 μg kg-1 h-1 until 30 min before ending surgery. Nociception Level Index and frontal electroencephalogram guided the remifentanil and propofol infusions, respectively.<br /><br /> The primary esthesia.<br /><br /> Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03912740, EudraCT 2018-004512-22.<br /><br />Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03912740, EudraCT 2018-004512-22.<br /><br /> Intra-operative muscle relaxation is often required in orthopaedic surgery and the hand train-of-four (TOF) test is usually used for its quantification. However, even though full muscle relaxation is claimed by anaesthesiologists based on a TOF count of zero, surgeons observe residual muscle activity.<br /><br /> The aim of the study was to assess if hand or foot TOF adequately represents intra-operative muscle relaxation compared with multiple motor evoked potentials.<br /><br /> Prospective observational study.<br /><br /> A single-centre study performed between February 2016 and December 2018 at the Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.<br /><br /> Twenty patients scheduled for elective lumbar spinal fusion were prospectively enrolled in this study after giving written informed consent.<br /><br /> To assess neuromuscular blockade (NMB) with the intermediate duration nondepolarising neuromuscular blocking agent rocuronium, hand TOF (adductor pollicis) and foot TOF (flexor hallucis brevis) monitoring, and muscle motor evoked potentials (MMEP during spinal surgery. Hand TOF adequately represents the degree of muscle relaxation not only for the paraspinal muscles but also for all orthopaedic surgical sites where NMB is crucial for good surgical conditions.<br /><br /> clinicalTrials.gov (NCT03318718).<br /><br />clinicalTrials.gov (NCT03318718).<br /><br /> Statistical detection methods are useful tools for assisting clinicians with cortical auditory evoked potential (CAEP) detection, and can help improve the overall efficiency and reliability of the test. However, many of these detection methods rely on parametric distributions when evaluating test significance, and thus make various assumptions regarding the electroencephalogram (EEG) data. When these assumptions are violated, reduced test sensitivities and/or increased or decreased false-positive rates can be expected. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ABT-263.html Navitoclax manufacturer] As an alternative to the parametric approach, test significance can be evaluated using a bootstrap, which does not require some of the aforementioned assumptions. Bootstrapping also permits a large amount of freedom when choosing or designing the statistical test for response detection, as the distributions underlying the test statistic no longer need to be known prior to the test.<br /><br /> To improve the reliability and efficiency of CAEP-related applications by improving the specificity and sensitivity of objective CAEP detection methods.