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Achieving and maintaining a high quality of life following the diagnosis of chronic illness has a positive impact on the experience of illness, including delayed disease progression and fewer relapses. Time perspective has shown promising relationships with quality of life, though studies using the construct in samples with chronic illness are sparse and methodologically heterogeneous. Participants (n = 123) were diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis at least five years prior to enrollment and were beginning a new disease modifying therapy (DMT). The Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQoL-100) assessment were administered at baseline and the WHOQoL-100 was administered six-weeks after starting the new DMT. This study investigated the utility of three common methods of scoring and interpreting ZTPI (balanced vs. deviation-from-balanced, categorical, and continuous scores) to predict change in quality of life. Independent sample t-tests revealed no difference in quality of life for balanced vs. deviation-from-balanced. One-way ANOVA revealed no difference in quality of life across time perspective categories. Linear regression analysis found that past-negative scores predicted decreases in all quality of life domains as well as overall score while present hedonistic scores predicted increases in psychological and overall quality of life.<br /><br /> Tobacco smoke has been associated with negative health outcomes, including those with chronic respiratory illnesses, such as asthma. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/atn-161.html Selleck ATN-161] This study aimed to assess the relationship between exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), as well as tobacco use (cigarette and electronic cigarettes), on asthma severity among adults with current asthma, with stratification by sex to understand potential biological sex differences.<br /><br /> The study population consisted of Californian adults 18 years or older with self-reported physician/health care diagnosis of asthma and still having current asthma from 2020 California Health Interview Survey. All descriptive statistics and analyses were sex-stratified and survey-weighted. Crosstabulations were used to understand the association between asthma attack and ETS or firsthand smoke exposure, while binary logistic regression models were used to assess the effect of ETS exposure, current smoking status, and control variables on asthma attack in the past 12 months, with a sub-ansure particularly among males with current asthma, further corroborate the literature on the relationship between tobacco and asthma, and highlight putative sex-specific outcomes.Despite the negative health consequence of hookah, hookah risk perceptions are misguided among youth. Secondary data analysis of 12-17-year-old never hookah users at their first wave of PATH participation (2013-2019) was performed. The effect of perceptions of hookah harmfulness and addictiveness on the age of initiation ever, past 30-day, and fairly regular hookah use were estimated using interval-censored Cox proportional hazards models. The distribution of the age of initiation of hookah outcomes by perception levels of harmfulness and addictiveness are reported as cumulative incidence and 95% CI. Youth who perceived hookah to be neither harmful nor addictive were 173% more likely to initiate ever, 166% more likely to first report past 30-day use, and 142% more likely to first report fairly regular hookah use at earlier ages compared to youth who considered hookah to be both harmful and addictive. By age 18, 25.5% of youth who perceived hookah as neither harmful nor addictive were estimated to initiate ever hookah use while 9.3% of youth who perceived hookah as harmful and addictive were estimated to initiate ever hookah use. These findings indicate the need to provide prevention and education campaigns to change perceptions of the harmfulness and addictiveness of hookah to delay the age of initiation of hookah use.Maximizing or improving residents' subjective well-being is one of the basic purposes of public expenditure. As an important component of public expenditure, the impact of public health investment on residents' subjective well-being receives considerable attention. Regarding the empirical evidence, this paper measures residents' subjective well-being from the perspectives of overall cognitive happiness, life satisfaction, positive emotions and negative emotions, on the basis of a multi-level structural model of subjective well-being. Factor analysis is used to estimate the subjective well-being of residents at the province level in China, based on the China Family Panel Studies of 2018. In addition, structural equation modeling is employed to explore the impact of public health investment and its regional disparity on the subjective well-being of residents. The empirical results show that public health investment has a significant positive effect on residents' subjective well-being. Moreover, there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between the regional disparity of public health investment and residents' subjective well-being. Further study illustrates that the effects of public health investment and its regional disparity on residents' subjective well-being are heterogeneous by group. Public health investment has a greater impact on the well-being of low- and middle-income, eastern and urban residents than high-income, midwest and rural residents.Turn performances are important success factors for short-course races, and more consistent turn times may distinguish between higher and lower-ranked swimmers. Therefore, this study aimed to determine coefficients of variation (CV) and performance progressions (∆%) of turn performances. The eight finalists and eight fastest swimmers from the heats that did not qualify for the semi-finals, i.e., from 17th to 24th place, of the 100, 200, 400, and 800 (females only)/1500 m (males only) freestyle events at the 2019 European Short Course Championships were included, resulting in a total of 64 male (finalists age 22.3 ± 2.6, FINA points 914 ± 31 vs. heats age 21.5 ± 3.1, FINA points 838 ± 74.9) and 64 female swimmers (finalists age 22.9 ± 4.8, FINA points 904 ± 24.5 vs. heats age 20.1 ± 3.6, FINA points 800 ± 48). A linear mixed model was used to compare inter- and intra-individual performance variation. Interactions between CVs, ∆%, and mean values were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The rn sections. Both finalists and non-qualified swimmers should pay particular attention to maintaining high velocities when approaching the wall as the race progresses.The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted the world economy and has, most presumably, exerted a great deal of stress on citizens, in turn leading to the call for timely assessments of how this period might actually impact individuals at the level of everyday well-being and in their behaviors such as consumer decisions. Through one pilot study and two online survey studies, we tentatively investigated this latter question, and demonstrated that the COVID-19 pandemic may increase perceived stress and impair individuals' sleep quality, which in turn impels their irrational consumption. This research provides preliminary evidence for the impact of the present pandemic on irrational consumption and contributes to the literature on stress and consumer behavior.Certified disposable respirators afford important protection from hazardous aerosols but lose performance as they are worn. This study examines the effect of wear time on filtration efficiency. Disposable respirators were worn by CSIRO staff over a period of 4 weeks in early 2020. Participants wore the respirator masks for given times up to eight hours whilst working in laboratory/office environments. At that time COVID-19 precautions required staff to wear surgical (or other) masks and increase use of hand sanitizer from dispenser stations. Results obtained from a test group of ten individuals without health preconditions show an increasing number of masks failing with wear time, while the remainder continue to perform nearly unaffected for up to 8 h. Some masks were found to retain filtration performance better than others, possibly due to the type of challenge they were subjected to by the wearer. However, the rate and extent of decay are expected to differ between environments since there are many contribarticle size range used for detection.Passive and active interactions with nature reduce stress, anxiety, and depression. Populations that experience increased stress often have fewer interactions with nature due to many factors. More recently, the COVID-19 pandemic has created a new stressor for all populations due to sickness, isolation, financial burdens, or other factors. University students were particularly impacted due to the change to online modalities, which isolated them from other students. To assess if any negative or other consequences were experienced and if nature factors could mitigate them, we examined how plant interactions affected university students (N = 353) in an online learning environment. Two modified Depression Anxiety Stress Surveys (DASS; Depression Anxiety Stress and Academic Stress, DASA) were administered over two semesters in 2020 to survey students on these interactions with nature. During the two semesters, most students experienced extremely severe self-reported mental health adversities. Further correlations between DASA scores and responses about nature interactions, home environments, plant exposure, and plant access showed that outdoor interactions were positively related to better self-reported mental health scores. However, the concerning and lingering effects of the pandemic were evidenced in our research as DASA scores increased across the two semesters. Nevertheless, going outdoors and interacting with nature brings some benefits that lessen the severity of depression, anxiety, and stress.With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, soil contamination with heavy metal (HM) has gradually become a global environmental problem. Lead (Pb) is one of the most abundant toxic metals in soil and high concentrations of Pb can inhibit plant growth, harm human health, and damage soil properties, including quality and stability. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are a type of obligate symbiotic soil microorganism forming symbiotic associations with most terrestrial plants, which play an essential role in the remediation of HM-polluted soils. In this study, we investigated the effects of AMF on the stability of soil aggregates under Pb stress in a pot experiment. The results showed that the hyphal density (HLD) and spore density (SPD) of the AMF in the soil were significantly reduced at Pb stress levels of 1000 mg kg-1 and 2000 mg kg-1. AMF inoculation strongly improved the concentration of glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP). The percentage of soil particles &gt;2 mm and 2-1 mm in the AMF-inoculation treatment was higher than that in the non-AMF-inoculation treatment, while the Pb stress increased the percentage of soil particles &lt;0.053 mm and 0.25-0.53 mm. HLD, total glomalin-related soil protein (T-GRSP), and easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein (EE-GRSP) were the three dominant factors regulating the stability of the soil aggregates, based on the random forest model analysis. Furthermore, the structural equation modeling analysis indicated that the Pb stress exerted an indirect effect on the soil-aggregate stability by regulating the HLD or the GRSP, while only the GRSP had a direct effect on the mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD). The current study increases the understanding of the mechanism through which soil degradation is caused by Pb stress, and emphasizes the crucial importance of glomalin in maintaining the soil-aggregate stability in HM-contaminated ecosystems.