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One of the best strategies for healthy brain aging is regular aerobic exercise. Commonly studied "anti-aging" compounds may mimic some effects of exercise on the brain, but novel approaches that target energy-sensing pathways similar to exercise probably will be more effective in this context. We review evidence in support of this hypothesis by focusing on biological hallmarks of brain aging.Electrodiagnostic studies may help orthopaedic surgeons to identify and confirm nerve pathology, determine severity of disease, localize the lesion, identify concomitant or alternative pathology, and prognosticate potential outcomes with nonoperative or operative treatment. Surgeons should recognize the indications for electrodiagnostic studies, principles of their performance, and how to assess the primary data generated by the examination and how it can inform their treatment plans.The adhesive contact problem between a rigid cylindrical punch and a gradient nanostructured (GNS) coating is investigated by considering the size effect. The laminated plate model is applied to characterize the material properties of a GNS coating in plane strain couple stress elasticity. By using the Fourier integral transform and transfer matrix method, the governing integral equation(s) for the two-dimensional adhesive contact problem are obtained. Numerically calculated results are presented to analyse the effect of characteristic material length, the adhesion parameter and nonhomogeneous parameters on the mechanical response of the GNS coating for the adhesive contact problem. We explore the nanoscale contact of a GNS coating with shear modulus varying as a function of depth according to an exponential function or the power-law function. The present results provide a way to improve the contact deformation and damage to nanoelectromechanical systems by adjusting the gradient index of the GNS coating.The primary challenge for the widespread application of two-dimensional (2D) electronics is to achieve satisfactory electrical contacts because, during the traditional metal integration process, difficulties arise due to inevitable physical damage and selective doping. Two-dimensional metal-semiconductor junctions have attracted attention for the potential application to achieve reliable electrical contacts in future atomically thin electronics. Here we demonstrate the van der Waals epitaxial growth of 2D NiTe2-MoS2 metal-semiconductor vertical junctions where the upper NiTe2 selectively nucleates at the edge of the underlying MoS2. Optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) studies confirmed that NiTe2-MoS2 metal-semiconductor vertical junctions had been successfully synthesized. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/a-1210477.html https://www.selleckchem.com/products/a-1210477.html] The electrical properties of the NiTe2-contacted MoS2 field-effect transistors (FETs) showed higher field-effect mobilities (μ FE) than those with deposited Cr/Au contacts. This study demonstrates an effective pathway to improved MoS2 transistor performance with metal-semiconductor junctions.Polarized radiative luminous semiconductor chips have huge application potential in many highly value-added fields. The integration of a subwavelength grating is recognized to be the most promising method for the development of polarized chips, but still faces the challenge of low polarized radiative performance. This paper describes a proposal for, and the development of, a scattering-induced enhanced-polarization light-emitting diode chip by directly nanoimprinting a metal-containing nanoparticle-doped grating onto the top surface of a common flip chip. The rate at which quantum-well light emission is used by the developed polarized chip is improved by more than 30%. More attractively, the doped scattering nanoparticles function as a scattering-induced polarization state converter that is sandwiched in between the top aluminum grating and the bottom silver reflector of the chips. The originally non-radiated light, with an electric-field vector parallel to the grating lines, is reflected back and forth inside the sandwich until it changes to the perpendicular vibration mode and is radiated outside the chip. Therefore, the polarization extinction ratio is greatly improved, compared to undoped samples.Glucocorticoid excess often causes a variety of cardiovascular complications, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and cardiac hypertrophy. To abrogate its cardiac side effects, it is necessary to fully disclose the pathophysiological role of glucocorticoid in cardiac remodelling. Previous clinical and experimental studies have found that omentin-1, one of the adipokines, has beneficial effects in cardiovascular diseases, and is closely associated with metabolic disorders. However, there is no evidence to address the potential role of omentin-1 in glucocorticoid excess-induced cardiac injuries. To uncover the links, the present study utilized rat model with glucocorticoid-induced cardiac injuries and clinical patients with abnormal cardiac function. Chronic administration of glucocorticoid excess reduced rat serum omentin-1 concentration, which closely correlated with cardiac functional parameters. Intravenous administration of adeno-associated virus encoding omentin-1 upregulated the circulating omentin-1 level and attenuated glucocorticoid excess-induced cardiac hypertrophy and functional disorders. Overexpression of omentin-1 also improved cardiac mitochondrial function, including the reduction of lipid deposits, induction of mitochondrial biogenesis, and enhanced mitochondrial activities. Mechanistically, omentin-1 phosphorylated and activated the GSK3β pathway in the heart. From a study of 28 patients with Cushing's syndrome and 23 healthy subjects, the plasma level of glucocorticoid was negatively correlated with omentin-1, and was positively associated with cardiac ejection fraction and fractional shortening. Collectively, the present study provided a novel role of omentin-1 in glucocorticoid excess-induced cardiac injuries and found that the omentin-1/GSK3β pathway was a potential therapeutic target in combating the side effects of glucocorticoid.